臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

航空旅次逐年增加，而航空旅次愈多，使用機場的旅客也愈多；旅客在機場使用設施，例如：餐飲、購物等，會讓機場帶來非航空收入。對於機場管理者而言，想要了解旅客在機場的設施使用行為，設法增加旅客在航廈內的設施使用。機場旅客流動、行為可視為一複雜系統，常使用模擬模型進行研究。但過去研究大多針對旅客程序活動中的報到、安檢等排隊設施，較少關於旅客在任意活動，如座椅、商店等設施進行研究。因此，本研究目的為建立一套經由資料蒐集、資料分析的流程，建構出旅客在航廈內流動與決策行為之模擬模型；並由所建立之模擬模型進行現況以及不同情境的分析，探討機場航廈設施使用狀況，以作為機場管理營運決策之參考依據。
本研究分為三個階段，分別是問卷資料蒐集、資料分析以及模擬的建立與分析。在問卷資料蒐集的部分，本研究於臺北松山機場國際線候機室，針對出境旅客進行問卷資料蒐集旅客設施使用狀況。在資料分析的部分，本研究經由機率分布配飾、k-s檢定配合決策樹分類，找出機場設施之使用時間分布；並經由馬可夫鏈分析找出旅客使用各項設施之選擇機率。在模擬的部分，本研究主要使用代理人基模擬模型(ABM)搭配離散事件模擬模型(DES)，建構出旅客在松山機場內流動以及選擇設施之決策與使用行為。
本研究使用所建構出之模擬模型進行現況分析、尖離峰分析與旅客屬性分析，情境模擬分為機場資訊情境、使用設施情境、使用商店情境與商店位置情境。藉由探討設施使用人數與人時間指標，以及旅客在非管制區、通關與管制區之平均設施使用時間等指標，分析旅客行為與設施使用狀況，並由各情境分析結果提供機場在設施管理與營運上之參考與建議。

Global air passenger traffic grows increasingly. The more passengers in the airport, the more revenue airports will earn. Air passengers using facilities and doing activity in the airport, such as shopping and dining, brings airports non-aviation income. Therefore, airport managers want to understand the behaviors how passengers use the facilities, and try to increase the facilities use in the terminal. The aim of this thesis is to establish an agent-based simulation model of passenger behaviors with movement and facilities use in an airport terminal, then apply the simulation model to set different scenarios to analysis the facilities use in the terminal, in order to help the airport’s operation and management.
The data collects in Taipei Songshan Airport international departure terminal by questionnaires to ask the passengers’ facilities use. For data analyses, using k-s test with decision tree find the service time distribution for each facility, and using markov-chain find out the choose probability for each facility. For the simulation model, using agent-based simulation model with discrete-event model simulates the passengers flow and behaviors.
There are seven scenarios analyses by using the simulation model: the current situation analysis, peak hour analysis, passengers’ attribute analysis, crowded information scenario, increase facilities use scenario, increase duty-free shop use scenario and store location scenario. By analysis the output parameters: number of use for each facility and total time spent in the facilities for each passenger, in order to realize the behaviors for facility use in the airport terminal and to increase the facilities use.

摘 要 i
Abstract ii
誌 謝 iii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 研究目的 3
1.3 研究範圍與對象 3
1.4 研究流程 4
第二章 文獻回顧 5
2.1 機場設計 5
2.1.1 機場設計：航廈設施組成 5
2.1.2 機場設施：空間配置 6
2.1.3 機場服務品質與服務水準 7
2.2 旅客行為 8
2.2.1 旅客行為：人流模型 8
2.2.2 旅客行為：旅客活動 9
2.2.3 旅客行為：活動選擇 10
2.2.4 旅客行為：時間壓力 11
2.2.5 旅客行為：購物動機、旅客類型與機場資訊 12
2.3 模擬 13
2.3.1 DES模擬 13
2.3.2 ABM模擬 14
2.3.3 DES與ABM模擬比較 15
2.4小結 16
第三章 研究方法 17
3.1 問卷資料蒐集 17
3.2 資料分析方法 18
3.2.1 統計分配差異檢定 20
3.2.2 決策樹模型 21
3.2.3 馬可夫鏈模型 22
3.3 模擬 22
3.3.1 模擬要素 23
3.3.2 旅客決策 24
3.2.3 模擬軟體 25
第四章 研究結果 26
4.1 旅客特性與行為基本分析 26
4.2 設施使用時間與行為分配決定 29
4.2.1 設施使用時間分布 29
4.2.2 設施使用機率 31
第五章 模擬模式建立與分析結果 33
5.1 模擬模式建立 33
5.1.1 模擬假設 33
5.1.2 模擬參數設定 34
5.1.3 模擬軟體建置 34
5.2 模擬模式驗證 41
5.3 模擬結果與分析 41
5.3.1 現況分析 41
5.3.2 尖離峰分析 42
5.3.3 旅客居住地分析 47
5.4 情境分析與結果 48
5.4.1 機場資訊情境 48
5.4.2 使用設施情境 52
5.4.3 使用商店情境 53
5.4.4 商店位置情境 54
5.5 討論 56
第六章 結論與建議 58
6.1 結論 58
6.2 建議 58
6.2.1 管理意涵建議 58
6.2.2 未來研究建議 59
參考文獻 60
附錄：問卷 66
簡歷 71

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臺北國際航空站, 臺北國際航空站101-105年年報，擷取日期：2017年12月14日，網站：https://www.tsa.gov.tw/tsa/info_annual_report.aspx。