臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

橋梁之管理維護已成為臺灣社會及經濟層面關注的議題，尤其對於災後受損橋梁
之維修，需在有限之經費及時間內完成。因此，需要一套可靠的橋梁結構安全評估方
式，能夠推估橋梁之受災潛勢，進而提供決策者具經濟性之管理維護資訊，使橋梁在
服務年限內能維持安全性、服務性及功能性。有鑑於此，針對天然災害後橋梁之特別
檢測及修復，建立一套優選排序模式有其必要性。

本研究提出一套災後橋梁優選排序模式，藉由橋梁結構易受損性及橋梁重要性等
參數，評估橋梁於災後進行特別檢測及修復之優先順序。本研究經由文獻回顧及專家
訪談得到優選排序所需之資訊，包含定義決策目標及必要之參數，再透過層級分析法
(Analytic Hierarchy Process, AHP)取得各參數之權重，以建立優選排序之模式。

本研究之優選排序模式可應用於不同種類之天然災害及造成交通設施驟然損壞之
情況，在需要迅速做出維護決策之狀態下，透過輸入安全性方面的關鍵參數、維修成
本效益及橋址環境，即可提供決策者簡單的系統化評估模式。本研究之成果可供公路
管理關用於路網層級之橋梁優選排序，並可應用於橋梁管理系統中。

Management of existing bridge infrastructure has become a major social and economic concern in Taiwan. This is due to the critical conditions of bridges driven by post-disaster deterioration and the controlled funds available to timely repair their deficiencies. However, reliable assessment of a bridge’s structural health is important to predict the progress of deterioration, to provide the required inputs for making cost-effective MR&R decisions; and to ensure that safety, serviceability, and functionality of a bridge can be sustained over its designed service life. In this regard, a model for prioritizing damage inspection of bridges for MR&R activities after natural disasters is necessary.

This thesis presents the development of a model, which proposes a method to facilitate post-disaster prioritization of bridges by virtue of their structural vulnerability and strategic importance to implement inspection and rehabilitation operations. To achieve this objective, this research combined literature and feedback from industry professionals through interviews as primary sources of data. The proposed model adapts an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique. The research findings have identified decision objectives and parameters essential to rank bridge rehabilitation projects, and these are included within a framework to prioritize bridges while incorporating experts’ input in the process.

The developed model is a flexible framework, which is applicable to a variety of disaster events and other conditions causing abrupt damages to transport infrastructure where decisions on maintenance strategies must be made promptly. Specifically, it provides the decision-maker with a simplified and systematic approach to assess bridges by addressing the critical parameters of safety and cost-benefit in prioritizing funds and work allocation. The proposed model can be used by departments of transportation to rank bridges in a network, and it can be integrated within an existing bridge management system.

摘要 ....................................................................i
ABSTRACT ...............................................................ii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ........................................................iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................iv
LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................vi
LIST OF TABLES..........................................................vii
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................1
1.1 Research Background ................................................1
1.2 Problem Statements .................................................7
1.3 Research Objectives ................................................8
1.4 Methodology ........................................................9
1.5 Thesis Structure ...................................................11
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ...........................................12
2.1 Introduction .......................................................12
2.2 Bridge Structure ...................................................13
2.2.1 Bridge Category ..................................................14
2.2.2 Bridge Classification ............................................15
2.3 Bridge Management Systems ..........................................16
2.3.1 Structure of BMS .................................................18
2.3.1.1 Inventory Component ............................................19
2.3.1.2 Inspection Component ...........................................19
2.3.1.3 Financial Component ............................................19
2.3.1.4 Maintenance Component ..........................................19
2.3.2 Functions and Benefits of a BMS ..................................20
2.3.3 Limitations of a BMS .............................................20
2.4 Status of Bridge Management in Taiwan ..............................21
2.5 Bridge Inspection ..................................................23
2.5.1 Bridge Inspection in Taiwan ......................................26
2.5.2 DERU Methodology .................................................29
2.6 Bridge Inspection and Rating Systems in International Practices ....33
2.7 Priority-Ranking Techniques ........................................39
2.8 Prioritization of Bridges for Maintenance Needs ....................41
2.9 Chapter Summary ....................................................43
CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY .................................................45
3.1 Introduction .......................................................45
3.2 Methods of Data Acquisition ........................................46
3.2.1 Literature review ................................................46
3.2.2 Expert Interview .................................................46
3.2.3 Inventory and Inspection Data Mining .............................47
3.3 Methods of Data Analysis ...........................................48
3.3.1 Factor Acquisition and Classification ............................48
3.1.1.1 Vulnerability of Damage (VD) ...................................51
3.1.1.2 Impact of Damage (ID) ..........................................52
3.4 Factor Quantification by AHP Approach ..............................53
3.4.1 Step 1: Determining the Criteria Weights .........................54
3.4.2 Step 2: Computing the Weighted Average Rating ....................57
3.5 Chapter Summary ....................................................58
CHAPTER 4: RESULTS .....................................................59
4.1 Introduction .......................................................59
4.2 Expert Interviews ..................................................59
4.2.1 General Overview .................................................59
4.2.2 Interview Results ................................................60
4.2.3 Expert Ratings ...................................................66
4.3 Findings and Discussion ............................................66
CHAPTER 5: MODEL DEVELOPMENT ...........................................68
5.1 Introduction .......................................................68
5.2 Developing the Hierarchy ...........................................68
5.3 Priority Setting: Evaluation of Analyzed Data ......................69
5.3.1 Development of the Priority Indices (PI and PR) ..................69
5.3.2 Priority Rating ..................................................69
5.4 Priority Category ..................................................73
5.5 Case Study: 2018 Hualien Earthquake ................................75
5.5.1 Case background ..................................................75
5.5.2 Model Validation .................................................76
5.6 Chapter Summary ....................................................85
CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION ..................................................86
6.1 Introduction .......................................................86
6.2 Review of Research Objectives ......................................86
6.3 Conclusions ........................................................87
6.4 Limitations ........................................................88
6.5 Recommendations ....................................................89
6.6 Chapter Summary ....................................................89
REFERENCES .............................................................90
Appendix A: Questionnaire Script .......................................A-1
Appendix B: Individual Expert Responses ................................B-1
Appendix C: Importance Matrices ........................................C-1
Appendix D: Validation – Determination of P-Values .....................D-1

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