印度尼西亞Purwakarta城市的纖維公司所排放的高濃度亞硫酸鹽和次氯酸鹽廢水一直以來被認為是導致當地污水處理廠出水水質不佳的原因。為了確定廢水處理的亞硫酸鹽和氯的濃度限制，本研究使用Minitab 16模式分析了入流水的亞硫酸鹽及氯化物濃度與廢水處理效能之間的關係。廢水處理效能以一系列的關鍵水質參數做評估，包括化學需氧量（COD），生物需氧量（BOD），混合液懸浮固體（MLSS）和混合液體揮發性懸浮固體（MLVSS）。此外，還評估了COD和BOD排放的邊際減排成本（MAC）。結果發現，亞硫酸鹽濃度的可接受範圍為4483.19至5237.085 mg/L之間，氯濃度的極限範圍則為0.27至0.31 mg/L之間。至於MAC的減排成本，1 mg/L的COD估計為Rp.55,849.14，而BOD則為Rp.55,845.51。本研究的成果可作為未來廢水處理廠審查和修訂的參考。

Elevated concentrations of sulphite and hypochloride released from fiber industry have been considered the factors to cause poor effluent water quality of the wastewater treatment plant in Purwakarta, Indonesia. To determine the concentration limit of sulphite and chlorine for the wastewater treatment, in this study we analyzed the association between the influent sulphite or chloride concentration and the performance of the wastewater treatment by using Minitab 16 programs. A suite of key water quality parameters including Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids (MLSS) and Mixed Liquor Volatile Suspended Solids (MLVSS) were included in the analysis. In addition, Marginal Abatement Cost (MAC) from COD and BOD emission was assessed. It was found that the acceptable range for sulphite concentrations was 4483.19 mg/L to 5237.085 mg/L and the limit range of chlorine concentrations was 0.27 – 0.31 mg/L. The estimated abatement cost of MAC for 1 mg/l COD parameter was Rp.55, 849.14 and for that of BOD was Rp.55, 845.51. This study may serve as a reference for future review and revision of the Wastewater Treatment Plant.

Chinese Abstract i
Abstract ii
Acknowledgement iii
Table of Contents iv
List of Figures vii
List of tables ix
Acronyms x
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Problem Statement 1
1.2 Cause and Mechanism of problem 2
1.3 Solution of the Problem 2
1.4 Purpose of this Study 3
1.5 Benefit of this Study 4
Chapter 2 Literature Review 5
2.1 The Wastewater for fibre Company 5
2.1.1 Source of fibre Industry waste 5
2.1.2 Parameters of Wastewater from Textile Industry 8
2.2 Liquid Waste 10
2.3 Sulphite 10
2.4 Hypochlorite 11
2.5 Waste Water Treatment Process 12
2.6 Sulphur Process in Waste Water 17
2.7 Equalization Unit of Liquid Waste Processing 20
2.8 Active Sludge Unit on Industrial Waste Water Treatment 21
2.9 Abatement Cost 25
2.9.1 Aggregate Marginal Abatement Cost 27
2.10 Minitab 28
Chapter 3 Methodology 29
3.1 Flowchart Procedure of the Research 29
3.2 Analyse Sulphite and Chlorine Concentration 30
3.2.1 Method of implementation… 30
3.2.2 Data Analysis 30
3.3 Determine the Efficiency for BOD and COD Emission 31
3.4 Marginal Abatement Cost… 32
3.4.1 Types and Data Sources 32
3.4.2 Methods and Data Analysis 32
3.4.3 Marginal Abatement Cost (MAC) Analysis based on
Liquid Waste Parameter Concentration 32
3.4.4 Estimated Equation and Marginal Abatement Cost Curves (MAC)… 35
Chapter 4 Result and Discussion 37
4.1 Location of Fiber Company 37
4.2 Liquid Waste management and Management Regulations 37
4.3 The Process for making Fibers on Fiber Company 38
4.4 waste Water Treatment Production 39
4.5 Description Design of Liquid Waste Water Processing Unit in Fiber Company 42
4.6 Efficiency of Waste Water Treatment fir BOD and COD… 43
4.6.1 BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) 43
4.6.2 COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand)… 44
4.7 Parameter Control of Liquid waste Pollutant Processing 45
4.8 Analysis Sulphite and Chlorine Concentration in wastewater Treatment Plant … 46
4.8.1 Sulphite Concentration for 24 hours 46
4.8.2 Chlorine Concentration for 24 hours 47
4.8.3 Analysis for Sulphite Concentration on Water Parameters 48
4.8.4 Analysis for Chlorine Concentration on Water Parameters… 55
4.9 Pre-treatment for Sulphite and Chlorine Concentration… 62
4.10 Estimated Marginal Abatement Cost (MAC) based on Wastewater Parameters. 63
4.10.1 Inlet and Outlet waste Water based on Parameters… 63
4.10.2 Total Cost of Waste Water Processing (Total Abatement Cos/TAC)… 64
4.10.3 Estimated Marginal Abatement Cost (MAC) of BOD Parameters… 65
4.10.4 Estimated Marginal Abatement Cost (MAC) of COD Parameters… 68
Chapter 5 Conclusion and Recommendation 71
5.1 Conclusion 71
5.2 Recommendation 71
References 72
Appendixes. 75

Abidin, Z., Iryani, A., dan Mulyati, A.H. (2012).Perbandingan Penggunaan PAC dan Alum Sebagai Koagulan Pada Air Limbah Industri PT. Nalco Indonesia.

Ajang , (2012).Pengolahan sederhana limbah tekstil. http://ajangsopyan.blogspot.com/2012/01/pengolahan-sederhana-limbah-tekstil.html

Barry C.F and Martha K.F, (2017).Environmental Economics: An Introduction, seventh Edition. McGraw-Hill education International Edition. New York.

Cancino-Madariaga, B., dan Aguirre, J. (2011).Combination Treatment of Corn Starch Wastewater by Sedimentation, Microfiltration and Reverse Osmosis. Desalination, Vol. 279, No. 1, Hal. 285–90.

Carlsson, B. (1998). An Introduction to Sedimentation Theory in Wastewater Treatment. Systems and Control Group, Uppsala University

Damanhuri,E.,E Padmi , T. (2008). Wastewater management.

European Commision.(2003). Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC)
Reference Document on Best Available Techniques for the Textiles Industry.
http://www.prtr-es.es/data/ images/textil-9D85EDBFC0238544.pdf

Field, B.C. (1994). Environmental Economics : An Introductory. McGraw-Hill, Inc.Singapura.

Fisher et al.(2017). Sulfur flows and biosolids processing: Using Material Flux Analysis
(MFA) principles at wastewater treatment plants. Journal of Environmental Management
198 (2017) 153e162
Hamoda, M, Al-Ghusain, I., dan Iryani, A., dan Djoko Hartanto (2017). Textile Dyes Removal By ZSM-5 From Bangka

Iriawan Nur dan Septin, PA. (2006). Mengolah Data Statistik Dengan Mudah Menggunakan Minitab 14. Andi Offset. Yogyakarta

Kaolin” Manai, I., Miladi, B., El Mselmi, A., Hamdi, M., dan Bouallagui, H. (2017), “Improvement of Activated Sludge Resistance to Shock Loading by Fungal Enzyme Addition during Textile Wastewater Treatment.” Environmental Technology,
Vol. 38, No. 7, Hal. 880– 90.

Lebrecht, Timothy. (2015). Treating Sulfur in Wastewater.
http://www.airproducts.com/~/media/downloads/w/wastewatertreatment/data-
sheets/en-treating-sulfur-in-wastewater.pdf.

Kemenpri.(2007).Standard waste for waste management: Government regulation figures
for 2007.

MetCalf and Eddy. (1991). Waste Water Engineering. Mc Graw Hill.

MetCalf and Eddy. (2014). Waste Water Engineering. Mc Graw Hill

Mara, D. (2013). Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Developing Countries, Routledge,

Ochowiak, M., Matuszak, M., Włodarczak, S., Ancukiewicz, M.,dan Krupińska, A. (2017),
“The Modified Swirl Sedimentation Tanks for Water Purification.” Journal of Environmental Management, Vol. 189, No. Supplement C, Hal. 22–28.

Orhon, Derin. (2001). A scientific approach to wastewater recovery and reuse in the textile
Company .https://www.researchgate.net/publication/11897284_A_scientific_approa ch_to_wastewater_recovery_and_reuse_in_the_textile_company

Purnamasari, Riska Devi., Iryani, Ani & Aminingsih, Tri. (2015). Pemanfaatan Kacang Babi
(Vicia faba) dan Biji Asam Jawa (Tamarindus indica L) Sebagai Koagulan Alami Pada
Proses Perbaikan Kualitas Air". Program Studi Kimia Fakultas MIPA UNPAK

Rajamanickam, R., dan Baskaran, D. (2017), Biodegradation of Gaseous Toluene with
Mixed Microbial Consortium in a Biofilter: Steady State and Transient Operation.
Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, Vol. 40, No. 12, Hal. 1801–12.

Riffat, R. (2012), Fundamentals of Wastewater Treatment and Engineering, CRC Press,

RKL.(2012). Laporan Pelaksanaan RKL dan RPL. Purwakarta.

Roslev, P., Vorkamp, K., Aarup, J., Frederiksen, K., dan Nielsen, P.H. (2007). Degradation
of Phthalate Esters in an Activated Sludge Wastewater Treatment Plant. Water Research,
Vol. 41, No. 5, Hal. 969–76.

R. Yuwono dan E. Adinugroho, (2010). Buku Pegangan Manajer Pengendalian
Pencemaran Air, Badan Pengendalian Lingkungan Hidup Daerah Provinsi Jawa
Barat,Bandung,

Samer, M. (2015), Biological and Chemical Wastewater Treatment Processes.
Wastewater Treatment Engineering, Ch. 01InTech,

Sdiri, A., Higashi, T., Jamoussi, F., dan Bouaziz, S. (2012), Effects of Impurities on the Removal of Heavy Metals by Natural Limestones in Aqueous Systems. Journal of Environmental Management, Vol. 93, No. 1, Hal. 245–53.

Sperling, M.V.(2007) .Activated sludge and aerobic biofilm reactor.Department of Sanitary and Environment Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil,

Srivastava, N.K., dan Majumder, C.B. (2008), Novel Biofiltration
Methods for the Treatment of Heavy Metals from Industrial Wastewater.” Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 151, No. 1, Hal. 1–8.

Sterrit. R.M and Lester.J.N. (1998). Microbiology for Environmental and Public Health Engineers , E,&F,N Spon Ltd, London


USEPA.(2007). Waste Diversion . Retrieved October 16, 2017, from http://www.epa.gov/wastewaterepa/waste/