臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究以甘藷台農57號、台農66號、台農72號三品種為材料，於2016年春作(2月)及2016年秋作(9月)於嘉義縣義竹鄉農家農田種植，以綜合性病蟲害管理、物理防治管理為處理，於插植後120天、150天、180天收穫並調查農藝性狀及產量，採收甘藷塊根進行不同溫度(25℃、20℃、15℃)與儲藏月份(1個月、2個月、3個月、4個月、5個月、6個月)處理，儲藏期間調查塊根品質(萌芽率、乾物率、甘藷蟻象危害率、軟腐率、失水率)，並分析最適收穫期塊根之一般成分(水分、灰分、粗脂肪、粗蛋白與澱粉)含量。結果顯示：
2016年兩期作兩管理方式之台農57號甘藷蟻象危害率隨收穫期延長至180天而增加，台農66號、台農72號亦有相似趨勢，台農66號、台農72號較台農57號有較低甘藷蟻象危害率；兩期作兩管理方式之台農57號小區面積塊根產量隨收穫期延長至150到 180天而增加，台農66號、台農72號亦有相似趨勢；春作台農66號、台農72號較台農57號有較高產量，秋作台農57號較台農66號、台農72號有較高產量；春作三品種最適收穫期為150~180天，秋作三品種最適收穫期為150天；兩期作相同收穫期之三品種綜合管理區較物理防治區有較低甘藷蟻象危害率；秋作三品種在兩管理方式皆較春作有較低甘藷蟻象危害率，兩期作相同收穫期之三品種綜合管理區較物理防治區有較高小區面積塊根產量；兩期作兩管理方式三品種於蔓長、地上部鮮重、塊根直徑、塊根長度、單粒塊根重、單株塊根重、甘藷蟻象危害率多顯著高於秋作，小區面積塊根產量除秋作120天收穫期台農57號及台農66號、秋作180天收穫期台農72號在春作較秋作有較高小區面積塊根產量外，秋作三品種在兩管理方式皆較春作有較多塊根數及較高小區面積塊根產量。
儲藏後，萌芽率變化受儲藏溫度、儲藏時間、品種所影響；乾物率變化受儲藏溫度、失水率、收穫天數、期作、品種所影響；甘藷蟻象危害率變化受儲藏溫度、收穫天數、期作、田間不同管理方式、品種抗病性所影響；軟腐率變化受儲藏溫度、收穫天數、品種抗病性所影響；失水率變化受儲藏溫度、儲藏時間、品種所影響；兩期作於相同收穫期、不同管理方式下，隨儲藏月份增加，三品種塊根皆於20℃、15℃儲藏有較低萌芽率、乾物率、甘藷蟻象危害率、失水率；20℃、15℃儲藏能延遲萌芽時間、減少蟻象危害及塊根失水。春作於相同儲藏溫度儲藏6個月後，台農57號的IPM、PCM萌芽率由120天至180天收穫些微上升，台農66號、台農72號萌芽率由120天至180天收穫期些微下降，秋作於相同儲藏溫度儲藏6個月後，三品種IPM、PCM萌芽率由120天至180天收穫期無明顯差異；春作於相同儲藏溫度儲藏6個月後，台農57號於20℃、15℃的IPM、PCM乾物率由120天至180天收穫期些微上升，台農66號、台農72號乾物率由120天至180天收穫期些微下降，台農72號乾物率由120天至180天收穫期些微上升；秋作三品種於相同儲藏溫度儲藏6個月後，IPM、PCM乾物率由120天至180天收穫期皆明顯上升；春作隨收穫期增加至180天，台農72號較台農57號、台農66號有較高乾物率。秋作隨收穫期增加至180天，台農57號較台農66號、台農72號有較高乾物率；春作於相同儲藏溫度儲藏6個月後，台農57號、台農66號、台農72號於20℃、15℃的IPM、PCM甘藷蟻象危害率由120天至180天收穫期無顯著差異；秋作三品種於相同儲藏溫度儲藏6個月後，IPM、PCM甘藷蟻象危害率由120天至180天收穫期於25℃皆些微上升，20℃、15℃無顯著差異；春作三品種於相同儲藏溫度儲藏6個月後，較秋作有較高甘藷蟻象危害率。春作隨收穫期增加至180天，台農66號、台農72號較台農57號有較高甘藷蟻象危害率。秋作隨收穫期增加至180天，台農57號較台農66號、台農72號有較高甘藷蟻象危害率。春作隨收穫期增加至180天，三品種軟腐率無顯著差異。秋作隨收穫期增加至180天，台農66號較台農57號、台農72號有較高軟腐率，春秋作於相同儲藏溫度儲藏6個月後，三品種於20℃、15℃的IPM、PCM失水率由120天至180天收穫期些微上升。春秋作隨收穫期增加至180天，台農66號較台農57號、台農72號有較高失水率。
2016年春作及秋作皆在兩個管理區中甘藷塊根於25℃儲藏4個月後即因腐敗而呈現缺值，5個月與6個月即無相關資料。春作兩管理區三品種在25℃儲藏4個月；20℃、15℃儲藏6個月後，在25℃皆有較高灰分含量、粗蛋白含量，在20℃、15℃處理皆有較高水分含量、粗脂肪含量、澱粉含量；隨儲藏時間增加，水分、灰分、粗脂肪、粗蛋白含量隨儲藏時間增加而逐漸增加，澱粉含量隨儲藏時間增加而逐漸減少；兩處理綜合性病蟲害管理區與物理防治區在儲藏溫度與月份間對三品種塊根一般成分含量無顯著差異。在儲藏溫度與月份間，台農57號在IPM較PCM有較低灰分、粗脂肪含量，有較高粗蛋白、澱粉含量；台農66號在IPM較PCM有較低灰分、粗脂肪、粗蛋白含量，有較高澱粉含量；台農72號在IPM較PCM有較低粗蛋白含量，有較高灰分、粗脂肪含量、澱粉含量。
秋作兩管理區三品種在25℃儲藏4個月；20℃、15℃儲藏6個月後，在25℃皆有較高粗蛋白含量，在20℃、15℃處理皆有較高水分、灰分、粗脂肪及較高澱粉含量；隨儲藏時間增加，水分、灰分、粗蛋白含量隨儲藏時間增加而逐漸增加，粗脂肪、澱粉含量隨儲藏時間增加而逐漸減少；兩管理區在儲藏溫度與月份間對塊根水分、粗脂肪、粗蛋白、澱粉含量皆無顯著差異，灰分含量於綜合性病蟲害管理區隨儲藏時間增加而逐漸減少，於物理防治區隨儲藏時間增加而逐漸增加。在儲藏溫度與月份間，台農57號在IPM較PCM有較低灰分、粗蛋白、澱粉含量，有較高粗脂肪含量；台農66號在IPM較PCM有較低灰分、粗脂肪、澱粉含量，有較高粗蛋白含量；台農72號在IPM較PCM有較低灰分、粗脂肪、粗蛋白含量，有較高澱粉含量。

In this study, three varieties of sweet potato, TNG 57, TNG 66, and TNG 72, were used as materials for spring planting from Feb. 2016 to Sep. 2016 in the farm of Yizhu township, Chiayi County. Two treatment, integrated pest management(IPM) and physical control management(PCM) were used, and it was harvested at 120 days, 150 days and 180 days after planting. The sweet potato roots were treatmented with different temperatures (25°C, 20°C, 15°C) and months of storage (1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months), during the storage period, the root quality (germination rate, dry matter rate, sweet potato ant image hazard rate, soft rot rate, water loss rate) were investigated, and the contents of the general compositions (moisture, ash, crude fat, crude protein and starch) of the roots at the optimum harvest stage were analyzed. The results show:
In 2016, when the planting days longer, sweet potato weevil damage increased in both of the pest treatment of two growing seasons for three varieties. TNG 66 and TNG 72 has a lower rate of sweet potato weevil damage than TNG 57. In Two-pest management, TNG 57 has increase in the tuberous yield/plot after 150 and 180 days of planting, as well as TNG 66 and TNG 72. TNG 66 and TNG 72 have higher yields than TNG 57 in spring cropping. TNG 57 has higher yield than TNG 66 and TNG 72 in fall cropping. The optimum harvest period for three varieties is 150-180 days in spring, and the optimum harvest period for three varieties in fall is 150 days. In IPM, three variety with the same harvest period has lower rate of sweet potato weevil damage than the PCM. In two pest management methods, there are lower rates of sweet potato weevil damage than in spring, and three varieties of the same management period have higher block area and root yield than the PCM. In fall crop, stem length, fresh leaves weight, tuberous root diameter, tuberous root length was significantly higher than fall crops. For tuberous yield/plot in fall, both TNG 57 and TNG 66 were less than 120 days after planing, , and fall harvesting for 180 days. In the case of the spring crops, the TNG 72 crops in the spring crops have a higher tuberous yield/plot, and the three crops in the fall crops have more roots and higher tuberous yield/plot than the spring crops.
The change of germination rate is affected by storage temperature, storage time and variety; the change of dry matter rate is affected by storage temperature, water loss rate, different harvest days, period crops and varieties; the change of sweet potato weevil damage(Cylas formicarius) rate is affected by storage temperature and different harvest days, cropping, different management methods in the field, variety disease resistance; Soft rot(Rhizopus stolonifer) rate changes affected by storage temperature, different harvest days, variety disease resistance; water loss rate changes affected by storage temperature, storage time, variety. The two phases were used in the same harvest period and different management methods. With the increase of storage month, the three roots were stored at 20 °C and 15 °C with lower germination rate, dry matter rate, weevil damage rate and water loss rate; storage at 20 °C and 15 °C can delay germination time, reduce Sweet potato weevil damage and root loss. After 6 months of storage at the same storage temperature, the germination rate of TNG 57 in IPM and PCM increased slightly from 120 days to 180 days after planting, TNG 66 and TNG 72 was exactly opposite. After 6 months of storage at the same storage temperature, there was no significant difference in the germination rate of IPM and PCM from 120 days to 180 days after planting in the same storage temperature, storage time, period and harvest period. After 6 months of storage at the same storage temperature, dry matter rate of TNG 57 in the IPM and PCM at 20 °C and 15 °C increased slightly from 120 days to 180 days after planting. The dry matter rate of TNG 66 and TNG 72 decreased slightly from 120 days to 180 days after planting. The dry matter rate of TNG 72 increased slightly from 120 days to 180 days after planting. The three varieties in fall crops were stored at the same storage temperature for 6 months. The dry matter rate of IPM and PCM increased significantly from 120 days to 180 days after planting. As the planting days goes by, dry matter rate of TNG 72 is higher than TNG 57 and TNG 66 in spring crop, and TNG 57 had a higher dry matter rate than TNG 66 and TNG 72 in fall crop. After storage at 20 °C and 15 °C for 6 months, the numbers of sweet potato ant in IPM and PCM for three varieties were not significantly different from 120 days to 180 days after planting. After three months of storage at the same storage temperature, the damage rate of weevil damage rate in IPM and PCM increased slightly from 120 to 180 days after planting at 25 °C, and there was no significant difference between 20 °C and 15 °C. After three months of storage at the same storage temperature, the spring crop of all varieties had higher rates of weevil damage rate than fall crop. When the planting days increased to 180 in spring crop, TNG 66 and TNG 72 had higher rates of weevil damage rate than TNG 57. And TNG 57 had a higher rate of weevil damage rate than TNG 66 and TNG 72 in fall. When planting days increased to 180, there was no significant difference in the soft rot damage rate of the three varieties in spring crop. In fall crop, TNG 66 has a higher soft rot rate than TNG 57 and TNG 72, as planting days increased. After storage at 20 °C and 15 °C for 6 months, water loss rates of the three varieties in the IPM and PCM increased slightly from 120 days to 180 days after planting. TNG 66 was compared with TNG 57 and TNG 72 in high water loss rate, as planting days increase in both crops.
The results showed that in the spring of 2016, both spring and fall crops were stored at 25°C for 4 months in the two management areas. After being stored for 4 months at 25°C, the roots showed lack of value due to corruption, so there was no relevant data for 5 months and 6 months. Three varieties at two management areas in spring storaged at 25°C for 4 months; after storaged at 20°C and 15°C for 6 months, the roots had higher ash content and crude protein content at 25°C, and had higher moisture content, crude fat content and starch content at 20°C and 15°C. The content of moisture,ash, crude fat, and crude protein increased as storage time increased, but the starch content decreased as storage time increased; There was no significant difference between different storage temperature and months with two-processes (IPM and PCM) in the general composition of the roots with three varieties. Between different storage temperature and months, TNG 57 with IPM had lower ash content and crude fat content than PCM, but it had higher crude protein content and starch content; TNG 66 with IPM had lower ash content, crude fat content and crude protein content than that with PCM, but it had higher starch content; TNG 72 with IPM had lower crude protein content than that with PCM, but it had higher ash content, crude fat content, and starch content.
In fall, the treatments of two management areas with three varieties were stored at 25°C for 4 months; after storaged at 20°C and 15°C for 6 months, the roots had higher moisture content and crude protein content at 25°C and higher ash content, crude fat content and starch content at 20°C and 15°C. The moisture content, ash content and crude protein content increased as storage time increased, but the crude fat content and starch content decreased as storage time increased. There was no significant difference about the two-processes (IPM and PCM) in the general composition of the roots with three varieties between different storage temperature and months in moisture, crude fat, crude protein, and starch content in the tuber roots, but ash content with IPM decreased as storage time increased, and ash content with PCM increased as storage time increased. Between different storage temperatures and months, TNG 57 with IPM had lower ash, crude protein and starch content than PCM, but it had higher crude fat content; TNG 66 with IPM had lower ash, crude fat, and starch content than PCM, but it had higher crude protein content; TNG 72 with IPM had lower ash, crude fat, crude protein content than PCM, but it had higher starch content.

中文摘要 I
Abstract VI
表目錄 X
圖目錄 XV
第一章、前言 1
第二章、前人研究 3
第一節、綜合病蟲害管理方式對甘藷農藝性狀、塊根產量與品質的影響 3
第二節、不同收穫期對甘藷農藝性狀、塊根產量與品質的影響 5
第三節、不同儲藏條件對甘藷塊根品質的影響 6
第四節、不同儲藏條件對甘藷塊根一般成分之影響 9
第三章、材料與方法 13
第四章、結果 22
第一節、不同管理方式、品種及收穫期對甘藷農藝性狀及產量之影響 22
第二節、不同管理方式、品種及收穫期在不同儲藏條件下對甘藷塊根品質之影響 40
第三節、不同管理方式、品種在不同儲藏溫度下對甘藷塊根營養成分之影響 74
第五章、討論 107
第一節、不同管理方式、品種及收穫期對甘藷農藝性狀及產量之影響 107
第二節、不同管理方式、品種及收穫期在不同儲藏條件下對甘藷塊根品質之影響 120
第三節、不同管理方式、品種在不同儲藏溫度下對甘藷塊根營養成分之影響 139
第六章、結論 152
第七章、參考文獻 154

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