臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

為探討不同時間及不同程度修剪對長實金柑（Fortunella margarita （Lour.） Swingle）枝條生長與開花之影響，本研究以3年生之植株分別於二、四、六、八月初進行強剪及弱剪。強剪為去除樹冠幅度1/2量之修剪，弱剪則去除1/4，並置未修剪之對照組。
未修剪處理盆栽一年內共抽三次梢，於四月初萌發第一次梢，五月上旬萌發二次梢，八月上旬萌發三次梢。然而，只有在八月修剪處理後，於八月初及九月初共只抽2梢次，其餘處理組皆抽3梢次。枝條質量部分，二月強、弱剪及四月強剪增加一次梢枝條長度，而二次梢除八月強、弱剪組外，經強剪後長度明顯增加，在三次梢也有類似於二次梢上之表現。徑寬方面，除二月強剪後一次梢徑寬較寬外，其它處理影響較不顯著。開花部分，各處理在花期表現上無明顯差異，總花朵數上對照組最多，而隨著修剪強度增加，總花朵數則越少，且強剪處理後一個月內皆無花朵開放，八月強、弱剪後皆無花朵形成。強、弱剪後皆可提升果實之座果率，其中又以強剪處理所提升幅度為最多，但六月強、弱剪後成熟果實比例則大幅下降。
果實品質方面影響，隨著修剪強度之增加果實長度及果寬增加，但強、弱剪時間過晚時，則因生長時間不足導致果實長度及寬度下降。不同修剪時間及強度對果型指數影響不大。產量因強、弱剪而下降，且強、弱剪時間越晚時，產量越低。果實數量表現上與產量相似，於二月及四月強、弱剪可顯著提升單果平均重量，而強剪提升幅度較高。強、弱剪會明顯增加果皮含量比例。果皮汁隨修強、弱剪時間延後，含量逐漸降低，果肉汁含量則與修剪時間及強、弱剪程度不具關聯性。強、弱剪處理組果實之種子含量比例高於未修剪處理組。經強、弱剪後會增加長實金柑果實之總可溶性固形物及可滴定酸含量，時間越晚，增加幅度越多，弱剪處理會使長實金柑之果實糖酸比顯著降低。樹體隨強、弱剪時間越早，能有效降低果皮色向角度，而早期修剪（二月、四月）可使果皮色彩濃度有所提升，但修剪時間較晚反而會降低其果皮色彩濃度。
總合上述結果，適當的修剪強度可提升優於對照組之座果率及果實品質，且避免修剪時間過晚導致開花數量不佳，進而影響產量，甚至果實品質低落，而早期修剪也有助於當年枝梢發展，推薦以二月初進行弱剪處理，對於盆栽金柑生產方面可有效提升品質。

This study was to investigate the effect of time and strength of pruning on shoot growth and flowering of kumquat (Fortunella margarita (Lour.) Swingle). Three-year-old potted trees were heavy and light pruned on 1st February, 1st April, 1st June, and 1st August 2016, respectively. The heavy and light pruning treatments were to remove half and one-fourth the length of shoot from the branches, respectively.
The un-pruned kumquat tree had three flushes in one year, which the first flush occurred in early April, then the second flush appeared in early May and the third flush emerged in August. However, other than trees pruned on August only sprouted two times, which in early August and September, all of treatments were sprouted three times. The 1st flush shoot length of heavy pruning tree was longer than those of light pruning and un-pruned trees. The 2nd flush shoot length displayed a similar trend to the 1st ones, except trees pruning in August, the shoot length of heavy pruning were longer than those of the two other treatments. Trees of heavy pruning in February had a wider shoot diameter, but there was not significant effect on shoot diameter among the others treatments. The flowering time and number of the trees were no significant difference among the treatments. The total flower number was the highest in the un-pruned trees. Moreover, as the pruning strength increased the total flower number decreased. Trees after heavy pruning didn’t flower within a month and trees pruning in August would not flower. The fruit set ratio were increased by tree pruned, and that of the heavy pruning tree was increased the most. However, there was significantly decreasing of ripe fruit amount if trees pruning after June.
The results showed that the length and diameter of kumquat fruit increased as the pruning strength increased. However, as the pruning times were near the end year, the length and diameter of fruit decreased because of the insufficiency growing duration. There was not significant effect on fruit shape index after pruning in different time. Pruning decreased kumquat tree yield, and the later pruning time, the less fruit yield of the tree. As the same result on total fruit number, which pruning on February and April also increase fruit weight, especially better on heavy pruning. Trees after pruning significantly increased peel percentages of fruit. Pruning in the end year caused a less percentages of peel juice. However, there was no significant effect on percentages of pulp juice after pruning in different time and strength. The percentages of seed in fruit were higher in pruning trees than that of un-pruned one. The amount of total soluble solids and the titratable acidity of fruit were higher in the pruning trees. The displayed a similar results, that more increase with the pruning time later. When trees after light pruning decrease the fruits of total soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio. Furthermore, the earlier of the pruning time, the lower hue angle of fruits. Early pruning in year (February and April) increased the chroma of kumquat fruit, but decreased as pruning in later of the year.
The results indicated that pruning obvious increased fruit set and fruit quality of kumquat trees. Furthermore, pruning in early season of a year might avoid flower number, fruit yield and quality decrease. As the tree was pruned before April, the duration might be long enough for the shoot growth. Therefore, light pruning in February should promote shoot growth, flowering, and fruiting of the potted kumquat tree.

摘要...................................I
Abstract...............................II
目錄....................................IV
圖目錄..................................V
表目錄..................................VI
壹、前言................................1
貳、前人研究.............................2
一、金柑品種概述.........................2
二、金柑生長特性.........................3
三、碳水化合物及溫度與開花之關係.........4
四、果實品質及發育.......................6
五、修剪對果樹生理之影響.................8
参、材料方法............................10
肆、結果................................16
伍、討論................................42
陸、結論................................45
柒、參考文獻............................46

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