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研究生:郭遠翰
研究生(外文):KUO, YUAN-HAN
論文名稱:縮短虛擬機器不停機移轉之服務中斷時間的工作導引架構
論文名稱(外文):A Task Guided Framework for Reducing the Service Downtime of Virtual Machine Live Migration
指導教授:林作俊林作俊引用關係
指導教授(外文):LIN, CHO-CHIN
口試委員:徐讚昇吳錫聰
口試委員(外文):HSU, TSAN-SHENGWU, SHYI-TSONG
口試日期:2018-06-21
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立宜蘭大學
系所名稱:電子工程學系碩士班
學門:工程學門
學類:電資工程學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2018
畢業學年度:106
語文別:中文
論文頁數:41
中文關鍵詞:工作導引不停機移轉虛擬機器服務中斷時間
外文關鍵詞:task-guided live migrationvirtual machinedowntime
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虛擬機器不停機移轉是雲端運算達成不中斷服務的重要機制,不同於一般移轉之處,它會在不停機的情況下,根據同步規則選擇記憶體分頁,並將這些記憶體分頁預複製(Pre-copy)至目的端主機,使其有效減少停機拷貝(Stop-and-copy) 階段的分頁傳送量,分頁傳送量的減少可以降低移轉的服務中斷時間(Downtime),確保服務使用者擁有更佳的服務品質。
但不停機移轉的服務中斷時間,會受到移轉當下虛擬機器內程序的分頁存取頻率以及程序工作集大小等因素影響,使得在運行某些程序時移轉會有較長的服務中斷間。而即使在運行同一程序下進行不停機移轉,也可能因程序在不同時間點對分頁的存取行為不同,而在某些時間點會有較長的服務中斷時間。本論文提出應用在不停機移轉的工作導引機制,透過安插導引標記於程式中,開發者可以對程序中適合不停機移轉的工作區段加以標記,使虛擬機器能在確定的時間點下進行不停機移轉,確保程序在雲端移轉環境中有較佳的使用者體驗。不停機移轉過程分為兩階段,在預拷貝階段時,虛擬機器仍然持續運行提供服務。可能出現有不停機移轉需求,但有可能被標記的工作執行時間短暫的情形下,在程序進入工作標記區段時正常進行預拷貝階段,但於停機拷貝前,程序卻已脫離了工作標記區段,導致停機拷貝階段傳送的記憶體分頁增加,進而增加了服務中斷時間。為了避免在不停機移轉策略中的標記產生上述情形,本論文透過修改虛擬機器監視器原始碼,增加針對上述情形的中斷機制。在程序離開標記區段時,虛擬機器監視器停止該虛擬機器的不停機移轉,阻止虛擬機器進入停機拷貝階段,並且將該次移轉需求保留至程序再次運行至標記區段時再次進行移轉,確保在進入停機拷貝階段時,程序仍然運行在標記區中,使得服務中斷時間盡可能得以降低。

Virtual machine live migration is an important mechanism for cloud computing to achieve non-stop services. Different from normal migration, the live migration with pre-copy scheme employs two stages of page synchronization. In the first stage, memory pages are selected according to the pre-copy rules and those selected pages are synchronized from the source host to the target host. The pre-copy rules are designed to reduce the number of synchronized pages in the second stage: the stop-and-copy stage. By reducing the number of synchronized pages, the service downtime can be minimized and the quality of service can be ensured.
The service downtime of live migration is affected by page-accessing frequency and the size of working set. Therefore, the users may experience a long service downtime if a migrating virtual machine enters the stop-and-copy stage at an inappropriate time point. This thesis proposes a task-guided framework that is useful for reducing the service downtime when a live migration is conducted. The task-guided framework allows a program developer to tag task segments that are suitable for migrating a virtual machine with a short service downtime. However, a task segment may have been completed before a virtual machine enters the pre-copy stage. In this case, a large number of pages may need to be synchronized across hosts. In order to avoid the situation, an interrupt mechanism is added to prevent a virtual machine from entering the stop-and-copy at an inappropriate time point for an ongoing live migration. The interrupt mechanism is achieved by asking the hypervisor to suspend the live migration when the program exits a tag segment. The pending live migration will be resumed when the program enters the next tag segment in order to ensure a short service downtime.

摘要 I

Abstract II

誌謝 III

目錄 IV

圖目錄 V

1 緒論 1
1.1 背景知識 1
1.2 論文動機 4
1.3 論文架構 5

2文獻探討與回顧 6

3 研究架構 12
3.1 預複製策略之不停機移轉 12
3.2 Xen預複製架構 13
3.3工作導引架構 16
3.4中斷重傳機制 19

4 實機實驗 22
4.1 實驗環境 22
4.2 實驗分析指標 22
4.3 程序標記實驗 23
4.4 越界中斷重傳實驗 27

5 結論與未來研究方向 33

參考文獻 34

附錄 36

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[2] Ling Qian, Zhiguo Luo, Yujian Du, and Leitao Guo , "Cloud Computing: An Overview", CloudCom 2009: Cloud Computing pp 626-631, 2009.

[3] 陳瀅, "雲端策略:雲端運算與虛擬化技術", 天下雜誌, 2010.

[4] Yung-Han Chen, "Development of Container-based Virtualization Technology", ICT Journal NO. 167, pp.11-16, 2016.

[5] Cho-Chin Lin and Zong-De Jian "Memory Space Optimization for Reducing the Downtime of Virtual Machine Live Migration" Jul. 2014.

[6] Christopher Clark, Keir Fraser, Steven Hand, Jacob Gorm Hansen, Eric Jul, Christian Limpach, Ian Pratt and Andrew Warfield, "Live Migration of Virtual Machines", NSDI’05 Proceedings of the 2nd conference on Symposium on Networked Systems Design & Implementation, Vol.2, pp.273-286, 2005.

[7] Marvin M. Theimer, Keith A. Lantz and David R. Cheriton, "Preemptable remote execution facilities for the V-system", SOSP ’85 Proceedings of the tenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles, pp.2-12, 1985.

[8] Anja Strunk, "Costs of Virtual Machine Live Migration: A Survey", 2012 IEEE Eighth World Congress on Services, pp.323-329, 2012.

[9] Felix Salfner, Peter Tröger and Andreas Polze, "Downtime Analysis of Virtual Machine Live Migration", The Fourth International Conference on Dependability(DEPEND 2011), pp.100-105, 2011

[10] Cho-Chin Lin, Yu-Chi Huang and Zong-De Jian, "A Two-phase Iterative Precopy Strategy for Live Migration of Virtual Machines", 2012 8th International Conference on Computing Technology and Information Management (ICCM), Vol.1, pp.29-34, 2012.

[11] Yanqing Ma, Hongbo Wang, Jiankang Dongm Yangyang Li and Shiduan Cheng, "ME2: Efficient Live Migration of Virtual Machine with Memory Exploration and Encoding", 2012 IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (CLUSTER), pp.610-613. 2012.

[12] Michael R. Hines and Kartil Gopalan, "Post-copy based live virtual machine migration using adaptive pre-paging and dynamic self-ballooning", VEE’09 Proceedings of the 2009 ACM SIGPLAN/SIGOPS international conference on Virtual execution environments, pp.51-60, 2009.

[13] Cho-Chin Lin, Zong-De Jian, Dong-Ye Xie, Wei-Ping Goh and Shyi-Tsong Wu, "Bounded-downtime Computation for Virtual Machine Live Migration Based on Memory Alternation Cross Reference", 2017 International Conference on Platform Technology and Service, 2017

[14] Xen Project: Xen Terminology, https://wiki.xenproject.org/wiki/XenTerminology

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