臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

煉製工業製程廢氣尾氣以回收轉化為燃料能源及薄膜分離回收氫能再利用，達成廢棄資源多元化管理的目的。本研究以回收製程廢棄尾氣完全取代天然氣及取代部分燃料油，作為運轉中加熱爐燃料進行實場測試，結果顯示加熱爐效率由91.4%降低至90.6%。透過調整加熱爐檔板角度、提高預熱空氣溫度及燃油溫度之節能技術，提升加熱爐整體熱效率與降低溫室氣體排放。結果顯示加熱爐空氣預熱溫度由240℃提高至270℃，每年可節省4.9×106 m³ 燃料及減少5.5×10³噸CO2排放；提高燃油溫度，每年可節省7.5 × 105 m³燃料氣與減少858噸CO2排放；加熱爐擋板角度由45˚調降至39˚，每年可節省2.3×106 m³ 燃料及減少2.6×10³噸CO2排放。此外，以灰色關聯分析預測檔板角度、預熱空氣溫度及燃油溫度符合節能需求及效益，最佳操作值分別介於43~41˚、235~245 ℃及105~115 ℃，而此預測值與實場加熱爐操作變數最佳值是一致性。
另一方面，以中空薄膜分離回收廢氣尾氣中氫氣，氫氣純度從78.7提純至93.9 mol%，氫氣回收率34.4%，每年可回收氫氣4.6 × 103 km³與減少5.2×10³噸CO2排放。
因此、製程廢氣尾氣以薄膜分離回收氫能與將其轉化為燃料資源，達到廢氣能源回收再利用、資源化與節能減碳有效管理策略。

This study converts energy resource and recycling into energy and the separation and recovery of high-quality hydrogen by membrane can diversify the waste resources. The waste tail-gas from the recycling process replaced natural gas and some of the fuel oil completely, and was tested in the field as a heating furnace fuel in operation. The furnace's efficiency was reduced from 91.4% to 90.6%. Energy-saving technologies that adjust the angle of the furnace baffle, increase the temperature of the preheated air，and the temperature of the fuel will help increase the overall thermal efficiency of the furnace and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The results showed that the air preheating temperature was increased from 240 to 270 ℃. Save 4.9×106 m³ of fuel and reduce 5.5×10³ tons of carbon dioxide emissions，increase fuel temperature, save 7.5 × 105 m³/yr. and reduce 858 tons of CO2 emissions annually；The furnace baffle angle was reduced from 45˚to 39˚, each year, 2.3 x 106 m³ of fuel and 2.6 x 10³ tons of carbon dioxide emissions could be saved.
In addition, uses "Grey Relational Analysis" to predict the best operating values of baffle angle, preheated air temperature, and fuel temperature were estimated to be 43 to 41˚, 235 to 245℃, and 105 to 115 ℃, respectively. And the prediction will meet the refinery Industry furnace operating variable best value. On the other hand, this study also uses "Membrane Separation Method" to recovered the waste tail gas which contents hydrogen was purified from 78.7 to 93.9 mol%, hydrogen's recovery rate of the waste tail gas was 34.4%, each year, 4.6 x 10³ km³ of hydrogen and 5.2 x 10³ tons of carbon dioxide emissions could be saved.
Therefore, the process tail gas can be separated from the hydrogen through the membrane and converted into fuel resource, in order to achieve waste gas energy resource recycling, resource utilization, energy conservation, and effective carbon management strategies.

中文提要 i
英文提要 ii
誌謝 iv
目錄 v
表目錄 ix
圖目錄 xi
一、緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究動機 1
1.3 研究目的 2
二、文獻回顧 3
2.1 能源政策 3
2.2 廢棄能源回收再利用管理 4
2.3 節能控制技術 5
　 2.3.1改善製程技術 5
　 2.3.2石化製程能源管理 6
　　2.3.2.1氫氣對能源效益的影響 6
　　2.3.2.2排氣廢熱回收 8
　　2.3.2.3過剩空氣氧氣濃度 8
　　2.3.2.4爐膛真空度 (FURNACE VACUUM) 9
　　2.3.2.5燃油溫度 (FUEL OIL TEMPERATURES) 10
　　2.3.2.6燃油霧化條件 (FUEL OIL ATOMIZING CONDITION) 10
2.4 含氫混合氣分離技術 10
　 2.4.1變壓吸附法 11
　 2.4.2低溫蒸餾法 11
　 2.4.3膜分離法 11
　　2.4.3.1無機膜 11
　　2.4.3.2有機高分子薄膜 12
2.5 薄膜應用 15
　 2.5.1 薄膜分離原理 16
　 2.5.2 影響薄膜分離的因素 17
2.6 統計預測分析方法 18
　 2.6.1 時間序列分析 18
　 2.6.2 人工智能 18
　 2.6.3 迴歸分析 19
　 2.6.4 模糊理論分析 19
　 2.6.5 層級分析法(THE ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS , AHP) 19
2.7 灰色關聯分析理論 20
2.7.1灰關聯分析 20
2.7.2 定量化灰關聯生成 22
2.7.3 灰關聯分析應用於實驗變因最佳值 23
三、實驗設備與方法 24
3.1 實驗設備 24
3.2 實驗方法 27
四、結果與討論 31
4.1 廢氣尾氣組成 31
　 4.1.1 廢氣尾氣組成對爐膛效益影響 31
　 4.1.2 廢氣尾氣組成對火焰形式影響 34
　 4.1.3 廢氣尾氣組成對溫度影響 34
4.2 調整檔板角度對爐膛效益影響評估 36
　 4.2.1 檔板角度對爐膛真空度影響 36
　 4.2.2 檔板角度對爐膛溫度及熱效率之影響 36
　 4.2.3 檔板角度對過剩空氣及燃料流量影響 39
　 4.2.4 檔板角度對火焰型態影響 41
4.3 調整空氣預熱溫度 42
　 4.3.1輻射區、對流區溫度與爐膛真空度之影響 42
　 4.3.2燃料用量及剩餘空氣O2濃度之影響 44
4.4 調整燃油溫度 47
　 4.4.1對流區溫度與爐膛真空度之影響 47
4.4.2剩餘空氣O2及燃料氣流量之影響 49
4.5 最適化分析 52
　 4.5.1 SPSS相關性分析 54
　 4.5.2灰色分析 58
　 4.5.3 GM(0,N)分析 79
4.6 薄膜分離含氫廢氣尾氣回收氫氣 85
五、結論與建議 87
5.1 結論 87
5.2 建議 88
參考文獻 90

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