臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

文化上的不同導致在商業實務、領導方式有所區別以及面臨到像是職場上的歧視問題。因此，這項研究的目的在於定義台灣和奧地利的文化差異以及領導風格的區別，而這些都是以Hofstede, Trompenaar, Hall 和the Globe Study作為基礎。對國際公司員工中使用深入訪談和問卷調查的綜合方法，探討國籍，性別，年齡，殘疾和性取向等不同方面歧視的普遍性。然而，兩國也都分析出大部分的歧視多出自於國籍、性別、年齡、殘疾和性取向。此外，更對照出不論歧視是否基於這些原因，對於目前的奧地利和台灣都是一個挑戰。也出現很多有關如何減少和降低職場上歧視問題的方法。此外，該研究調查出減少歧視的四種措施的有效性，包括教育、公司的反歧視領導和謹慎的篩選員工以及討論和分析，最後則是來自員工內心的支持。該研究結果顯示兩個文化地區相對於上述結構有顯著的差異。在研究最終結果提出跨文化對於領導更為有效。

Culture differences lead to distinctions in the approach of business practices, leadership style and other workplace issues such as discrimination. This work aims to first specify cultural differences and distinctions in leadership between two cultural regions (Austria vs. Taiwan) based on the cultural frameworks of Hofstede, Trompenaars, Hall and the Globe Study. Mixed methodology consisting of in-depth interviews and a questionnaire survey among employees of international companies was applied to explore the prevalence of discrimination based upon diverse aspects such as nationality, gender, age, disability and sexual orientation. Further, the study investigated the effectiveness of four steps to reduce discrimination, including education, active positioning of companies in combination with leadership and the diligent selection of employees as well as discussion and analysis and finally the psychological support at the workplace. The findings show that the two cultural regions differ significantly with respect to above constructs. The study concludes with suggestions for more effective leadership in a cross-cultural setting.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
中文摘要 i
Abstract ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………………………………………………….iii
List of Abbreviations vi
List of Tables vi
List of Figures vi
1. Introduction 1
1.1.Research Motivation 1
1.2.Problem Statement 1
1.3.Research Questions 2
2.Literature review 3
2.1.Culture 3
2.1.1.Hofstede`s Cultural Concept 4
2.1.2.Trompenaars Cultural Theory 4
2.1.3.Hall………………………………………………………………………………5
2.1.4. Globe Study 6
2.1.5. Criticism on Theories 7
2.1.6. Critics of Hofstede and Globe Study 7
2.1.7. Critics of Trompenaars and Hall 9
2.2. Comparison of Taiwan (R.O.C) and Austria 10
2.2.1. Hofstede`s Indices: A comparison of China, Taiwan and Austria 10
2.2.2. Globe Study: A comparison of China and Austria 15
2.2.3. Alfons Trompenaar: A comparison of China and Austria 22
2.2.4. Edward Twitchel Hall: A comparison of China and Austria 26
2.2.5. Conclusion 27
2.3.Leadership in Taiwan (R.O.C.) and Austria………………………………………..30
2.3.1.Leadership Styles 30
2.3.1.1.Lewins Leadership Styles 30
2.3.1.2.Recommendation for Taiwan (R.O.C) and Austria 32
2.3.1.3.Globe Study Leadership Styles 32
2.3.2.Leadership and Cross- Cultural Teamwork 36
2.3.3.Conclusion 38
2.4Discrimination at the Workplace 39
2.4.1.Definition 39
2.4.2.Discrimination in Taiwan (R.O.C) and Austria 42
2.4.3.Intervention 46
2.4.4.Conclusion 48
3.Methodology 49
3.1.Research Design 49
3.2. Hypotheses and Assumption 52
4.Results 55
4.1.Statistical Analysis 55
4.2.Qualitative Analysis 56
5.Data Interpretation and Discussion 60
5.1.Quantitative Data 60
5.2.Qualitative Data 62
6.Conclusion 67
7.Limitations and suggestions for further research 72
8.Outlook 73
9.Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………..74

10. APPENDIX 82
Appendix 1 – Anonymous online survey questions 82
Appendix 2 – Interview guideline 90
Appendix 3 – Information and consent form 93
Appendix 4 – List of interview partners 94
Appendix 5 – Codified references 94
Appendix 6 – Statistical results……………………………………………………..………………………….95
List of Abbreviations
R.O.C Republic of China
USA United States of America
PTSD post-traumatic stress disorder
GLOBE Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness Research
EU Europe
EI Emotional Intelligence
MSCEIT Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test
ECI Emotional Competency Index
ILO International Labor Organization
UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
CREW Civility, Respect, & Engagement in the Workplace

List of Tables

Table 1 - Overview of characteristic of leadership study in GLOBE…………………….33
Table 2 - Austrian Results of Globe Leadership Survey ………………………………....34
Table 3 - Chinese Results of Globe Leadership Survey…………………………………..35
Table 4 - Assumptions on steps how to reduce or eliminate discrimination at the workplace………………………………………………………………………………….54

List of Figures
Hofstede`s Indices China - Taiwan (R.O.C) - Austria …………………………………..…………11

一、英文文獻
Antonovsky, A. (1996), “The salutogenic model as a theory to guide health promotion”, Health Promotion International, Vol. 11 No. 1, pp. 11-18.
Adler, N. J. (1997). International Dimensions of Organizational Behaviour. London: International Thompson Press.
Bar-On, R. (1997). Bar-On emotional quotient inventory: A measure of emotional intelligence. Toronto: Multi-Health Systems.
Brechon, P., & Gonthier, F. (Eds.). (2017). European values: trends and divides over thirty years. Leiden ; Boston: Brill.
Chhokar, J. S., Brodbeck, F. C., House, R. J., & Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness Research Program (Eds.). (2007). Culture and leadership across the world: the GLOBE book of in-depth studies of 25 societies. Mahwah, N.J: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Cooper, C. L., & Cooper, P. of O. P. and H. C. L. (2016). Risky Business: Psychological, Physical and Financial Costs of High Risk Behavior in Organizations. CRC Press.
Engelen, A., & Tholen, E. (2014). Interkulturelles Management. Stuttgart: Schäffer-Poeschel.
Hall, E. T., & Hall, M. R. (2012). Understanding cultural differences: [Germans, French and Americans] (Nachdr.). Boston, Mass.: Intercultural Press.
Hofstede, G. (1993). Interkulturelle Zusammenarbeit: Kulturen, Organisationen, Management. Wiesbaden: Gabler.
Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture’s consequences: comparing values, behaviors, institutions, and organizations across nations (2. ed., [Nachdr.]). Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publ.
Hofstede, G. H. (1980). Culture’s consequences: international differences in work-related values (Abridged ed). Beverly Hills: Sage Publications.
Hofstede, G. H., Hofstede, G. J., & Minkov, M. (2010). Cultures and organizations: software of the mind: intercultural cooperation and its importance for survival (3rd ed). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Kutschker, M., & Schmid, S. (2011). Internationales Management: mit 100 Textboxen (7., überarb. und aktualisierte Aufl). München: Oldenbourg.
Marchiondo, L., Ran, S., & Cortina, L. (2015, May). Modern Discrimination. The Oxford Handbook of Workplace Discrimination.
Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P., & Caruso, D. R. (2002). Mayer-Salovey-Caruso emotional intelligence test (MSCEIT) user’s manual. Toronto,ON, Canada: MHS Publishers.
Mayring, P. (2014). Qualitative Content Analysis. Klagenfurt.
Northouse, P. G. (2015). Leadership: theory and practice (Seventh Edition). Los Angeles: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Rothlauf, J. (2012). Interkulturelles Management: mit Beispielen aus Vietnam, China, Japan, Russland und den Golfstaaten (4., überarb. und aktualisierte Aufl). München: Oldenbourg.
Smither, R. (2016). Organizational development strategies. Place of publication not identified: Routledge.
Trompenaars, A., & Woolliams, P. (2003). Business across cultures. Chichester: Capstone.
Trompenaars, F. (1993b). Riding the waves of culture: Understanding cultural diversity in business. London: Brealey.
Trompenaars, F. (1993). Handbuch globales Managen: wie man kulturelle Unterschiede im Geschäftsleben versteht. Düsseldorf: ECON-Verl.
Trompenaars, F., & Hampden-Turner, C. (1997). Riding the waves of culture: Understanding cultural diversity in business (2.ed., reprint.with corr). London: Brealey.
Trompenaars, F., & Hampden-Turner, C. (2002). Riding the waves of culture: Understanding cultural diversity in business. London: Brealey.
Trompenaars, F., & Woolliams, P. (2004). Business weltweit. Murmann.

二、電子文獻參考
20 Jahre nach dem Frauenvolksbegehren: Burka schlägt Lohnschere. (2017, April 6). Retrieved 31 May 2017, from http://derstandard.at/2000055439954/20-Jahre-nach-dem-Frauenvolksbegehren-Burka-schlaegt-Lohnschere
2017台灣勞工簡訊_32期. (2017, February 21). Retrieved 14 June 2017, from http://twlabor.tier.org.tw/en/PeriodicalCont.aspx?PeriodicalID=36#div_3
A Guide through the Austrian Start -Up Bureaucracy. (2017). Retrieved 30 May 2017, from https://www.austrianstartups.com/event/guide-austrian-start-bureaucracy/
Aberdach, J. D. (2015). The Role of the state in Taiwan’s development. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=995840
Affairs, M. of F. (2017, June 8). Taiwan [text]. Retrieved 9 June 2017, from http://www.taiwan.gov.tw/content2_source.php?p=29&c=48
AMS. (2017). Asuswirkung der Arbeitszeit auf das Lebenseinkommen. Österreich. Retrieved from http://www.ams.at/_docs/001_fra_lebenseinkommen.pdf
Antipathie gegen Migranten nahm in Österreich stark zu. (2012, January 18). Retrieved 27 May 2017, from http://derstandard.at/1326502987385/Europa-Vergleich-Antipathie-gegen-Migranten-nahm-in-Oesterreich-stark-zu
Auf der Suche nach einer Sprache, die nicht diskriminiert. (2017, January 31). Retrieved 31 May 2017, from http://derstandard.at/2000051773350/Auf-der-Suche-nach-einer-Sprache-die-nicht-diskriminiert
Becton, J. B., Gilstrap, J. B., & Forsyth, M. (2017). Preventing and correcting workplace harassment: Guidelines for employers. Business Horizons, 60(1), 101–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2016.09.005
Bergmann, H., Hurson, K., & Russ‐Eft, D. (1999). Introducing a grass‐roots model leadership. Strategy & Leadership, 27(6), 15–20. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb054649
BMBF. (2017). Frauen und Männer in Österreich-Gender Index 2015. Wien. Retrieved from https://www.bmb.gv.at/frauen/gender/gender_index_2015.pdf?5oc6ap
BM.I. (2017). Vorläufige Asylstatistik (Statistik). Wien. Retrieved from http://www.bmi.gv.at/cms/BMI_Asylwesen/statistik/files/2017/Asylstatistik_April_2017.pdf
Burnes, B. (2004). Kurt Lewin and the planned approach to change: A re-appraisal. Journal of Management Studies, (41:6). Retrieved from https://eclass.uoa.gr/modules/document/file.php/PPP613/Ergasies/Ar8ra_gia_tis_ergasies/Kurt%20Lewin%20and%20the%20Planned%20Approach%20to%20Change_A%20Re-appraisal.pdf
Burnes, B. (2017). Kurt Lewin. In D. B. Szabla, W. A. Pasmore, M. A. Barnes, & A. N. Gipson (Eds.), The Palgrave Handbook of Organizational Change Thinkers (pp. 1–15). Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49820-1_13-1
Cheung, H. K., King, E., Lindsey, A., Membere, A., Markell, H. M., & Kilcullen, M. (2016). Understanding and Reducing Workplace Discrimination. In M. R. Buckley, J. R. B. Halbesleben, & A. R. Wheeler (Eds.), Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management (Vol. 34, pp. 101–152). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/S0742-730120160000034010
Chiao, C.-K. (2008). Employment discrimination in Taiwan. Retrieved from http://eforum.jil.go.jp/english/events/documents/clls08_chiao.pdf
Civility, Respect, and Engagement in the Workplace (CREW). (2017, January 9). [General Information]. Retrieved 21 June 2017, from https://www.va.gov/ncod/crew.asp
Convention C111. (2016). Retrieved 20 June 2017, from http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_ILO_CODE:C111
de Mooij, M. (2013). On the misuse and misinterpretation of dimensions of national culture. International Marketing Review, 30(3), 253–261. https://doi.org/10.1108/02651331311321990
Denison, D. R., Kotrba, L. M., & Casta?o, N. (2012). A Cross-Cultural Perspective on Leadership Assessment. In W. H. Mobley, Y. Wang, & M. Li (Eds.), Advances in Global Leadership (Vol. 7, pp. 205–228). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1535-1203(2012)0000007013
Discrimination. (2017). Retrieved 12 June 2017, from http://www.unesco.org/new/en/social-and-human-sciences/themes/international-migration/glossary/discrimination/
Einkommen. (2017, June 13). Retrieved 13 June 2017, from http://www.statistik.at/web_de/statistiken/menschen_und_gesellschaft/soziales/gender-statistik/einkommen/index.html
Etiquette in Austria. (2017). Retrieved 30 May 2017, from http://www.austria.info/in/service-and-facts/people-traditions/austrian-etiquette
Federal Ministry of Health and Woman. (2006). Equal Treatment and Full Equality of Woman and Men in Employment. Vienna. Retrieved from http://www.gleichbehandlungsanwaltschaft.at/DocView.axd?CobId=32040
GEM Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. (2016, 2017). Retrieved 1 June 2017, from http://gemconsortium.org
Gender Pay Gap: Österreich in Europa weiterhin Vorletzter. (2016, February 26). Retrieved 31 May 2017, from http://derstandard.at/2000031826284/Lohnschere-Oesterreich-in-Europa-weiterhin-Vorletzter
Goleman, D. (2000, March 1). Leadership That Gets Results. Retrieved 12 June 2017, from https://hbr.org/2000/03/leadership-that-gets-results
Hetland, H., & Sandal, G. (2003). Transformational leadership in Norway: Outcomes and personality correlates. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 12(2), 147–170. https://doi.org/10.1080/13594320344000057
Hofstede, G. (2017a). Cultural Dimensions - Geert Hofstede. Retrieved 22 April 2017, from https://geert-hofstede.com/cultural-dimensions.html
Hofstede, G. (2017b, May 31). Austria. Retrieved 31 May 2017, from https://geert-hofstede.com/austria.html
Hofstede, G., & Bond, M. H. (1988). The Confucius connection: From cultural roots to economic growth. Organizational Dynamics, 16(4), 5–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-2616(88)90009-5
House, R., Javidan, M., Hanges, P., & Dorfman, P. (2002). Understanding cultures and implicit leadership theories across the globe: an introduction to project GLOBE. Journal of World Business, 37(1), 3–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1090-9516(01)00069-4
Jin, B., Yong Park, J., & Kim, J. (2008). Cross‐cultural examination of the relationships among firm reputation, e‐satisfaction, e‐trust, and e‐loyalty. International Marketing Review, 25(3), 324–337. https://doi.org/10.1108/02651330810877243
Joe Hammer. (2013). GLOBE Study of 62 societies on a world map. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jKY8FhMPLEA
Jones, K. P., Peddie, C. I., Gilrane, V. L., King, E. B., & Gray, A. L. (2016). Not So Subtle: A Meta-Analytic Investigation of the Correlates of Subtle and Overt Discrimination. Journal of Management, 42(6), 1588–1613. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206313506466
Judge, T. A., & Piccolo, R. F. (2004). Transformational and Transactional Leadership: A Meta-Analytic Test of Their Relative Validity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(5), 755–768. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.89.5.755
Kamasheva, A., Kolesnikova, J., Karasik, E., & Salyakhov, E. (2013). Discrimination and Inequality in the Labor Market. Procedia Economics and Finance, 5, 386–392. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(13)00046-4
Kwek, D. (2003). Decolonizing and Re-Presenting Culture’s Consequences: A Postcolonial Critique of Cross-Cultural Studies in Management1. In A. Prasad (Ed.), Postcolonial Theory and Organizational Analysis (pp. 121–146). New York: Palgrave Macmillan US. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403982292_5
L., P. (2013, March 27). Autocracy or democracy? Retrieved 10 June 2017, from http://www.economist.com/blogs/freeexchange/2013/03/growth-0
Lee, D. L., & Ahn, S. (2011). Racial Discrimination and Asian Mental Health: A Meta-Analysis. The Counseling Psychologist, 39(3), 463–489. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000010381791
Leiter, M. P., Laschinger, H. K. S., Day, A., & Oore, D. G. (2011). The impact of civility interventions on employee social behavior, distress, and attitudes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96(6), 1258–1274. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024442
M., C. (2016a, February 29). The Economist explains: Why Austria’s asylum cap is so controversial. Retrieved 30 May 2017, from http://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2016/03/economist-explains
M., C. (2016b, December 1). The Economist explains: Why Austria’s presidential election matters. Retrieved 31 May 2017, from http://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2016/12/economist-explains-0
Miller, G. E., Chen, E., & Zhou, E. S. (2007). If it goes up, must it come down? Chronic stress and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis in humans. Psychological Bulletin, 133(1), 25–45. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.25
Morgan, S. (2013). The Three Main Business Leadership Styles (Newsletter No. 91). NATA Safety. Retrieved from http://nata.aero/data/files/safety%201st%20documents/etoolkit/safety%201st%20etoolkit%20april2013.pdf
Nienhaus, A., Drechsel-Schlund, C., Schambortski, H., & Schablon, A. (2016). Violence and discrimination in the workplace. The effects on health and setting-related approaches to prevention and rehabilitation. Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz, 59(1), 88–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-015-2263-x
Nilsson, P., Andersson, I. H., Ejlertsson, G., & Troein, M. (2012). Workplace health resources based on sense of coherence theory. International Journal of Workplace Health Management, 5(3), 156–167. https://doi.org/10.1108/17538351211268809
Odeh, A., Bruce, T. J., Krenn, D. R., & Ran, S. (2017). A Broader Perspective for Subtle Discrimination Interventions. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 10(01), 118–123. https://doi.org/10.1017/iop.2016.112
Pérez-Arce, P. (1999). The Influence of Culture on Cognition. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 14(7), 581–592. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0887-6177(99)00007-4
Publications Office of the European Union. (2016). Country report Non-discrimination Austria (p. 103). Luxembourg. Retrieved from http://www.equalitylaw.eu/downloads/3700-2016-at-country-report-nd
Ragins, B. R., Ehrhardt, K., Lyness, K. S., Murphy, D. D., & Capman, J. F. (2015). ANCHORING RELATIONSHIPS AT WORK: HIGH-QUALITY MENTORS AND OTHER SUPPORTIVE WORK RELATIONSHIPS AS BUFFERS TO AMBIENT RACIAL DISCRIMINATION. Personnel Psychology, n/a-n/a. https://doi.org/10.1111/peps.12144
Romanowska, J., Larsson, G., & Theorell, T. (2013). Effects on leaders of an art-based leadership intervention. Journal of Management Development, 32(9), 1004–1022. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-02-2012-0029
Rothacker, A., & Hauer, G. (2014). Leadership in Multinational Management – A Behavior-Set to Motivate Multicultural Teams. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 130, 226–236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.04.027
Santana, S. (2017). Discrimination And Harassment At The Workplace. Retrieved 12 June 2017, from https://www.humanrightscommission.vic.gov.au/the-workplace/workplace-discrimination
Schilpzand, P., De Pater, I. E., & Erez, A. (2016). Workplace incivility: A review of the literature and agenda for future research. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 37, S57–S88. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1976
Schyns, B., & Meindl, J. R. (2006). Emotionalizing Leadership in a Cross-Cultural Context. In Advances in Global Leadership (Vol. 4, pp. 39–58). Bingley: Emerald (MCB UP ). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1535-1203(06)04005-6
Southwick, S. M., Vythilingam, M., & Charney, D. S. (2005). The Psychobiology of Depression and Resilience to Stress: Implications for Prevention and Treatment. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 1(1), 255–291. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.143948
Spectra Marktforschungsgesellschaft mbH. (2015). Ist die Krise überwunden? Österreicher fordern wieder mehr von einem ‘guten Leben’. Linz. Retrieved from https://www.spectra.at/fileadmin/user_upload/Spectra_Aktuell_Archiv/2015/Spectra_Aktuell_01_15_Gutes_Leben.pdf
Spectra Marktforschungsgesellschaft mbH. (2016). Flüchtlingskrise: Mentale Barrieren der Integration. Linz. Retrieved from https://www.spectra.at/fileadmin/user_upload/Spectra_Aktuell_Archiv/2016/Spectra_Aktuell_01_16_Fluechtlinge.pdf
Statitstik Austria. (2016). Arbeitsorgaisation und Arbeitszeitgestaltung. Wien 2016. Retrieved from http://www.statistik.at/web_de/services/publikationen/3/index.html?includePage=detailedView§ionName=Arbeitsmarkt&pubId=732
Steers, R. M., Sanchez-Runde, C., & Nardon, L. (2012). Leadership in a global context: New directions in research and theory development. Journal of World Business, 47(4), 479–482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2012.01.001
Sue, D. W., Capodilupo, C. M., Torino, G. C., Bucceri, J. M., Holder, A. M. B., Nadal, K. L., & Esquilin, M. (2007). Racial microaggressions in everyday life: Implications for clinical practice. American Psychologist, 62(4), 271–286. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.62.4.271
Sure, M. (2017). Internationales Management. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-16163-7
Taylor, S. G., & Pattie, M. W. (2014). When Does Ethical Leadership Affect Workplace Incivility? The Moderating Role of Follower Personality. Business Ethics Quarterly, 24(04), 595–616. https://doi.org/10.5840/beq201492618
Venaik, S., & Brewer, P. (2013). Critical issues in the Hofstede and GLOBE national culture models. International Marketing Review, 30(5), 469–482. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMR-03-2013-0058
Warrick, D. D. (2016). What Leaders Can Learn About Teamwork and Developing High Performance Teams from Organization Development Practitioners. Performance Improvement, 55(3), 13–21. https://doi.org/10.1002/pfi.21559
Werteforschung am Institut für Praktische Theologie. (2017). Retrieved 21 July 2017, from https://werteforschung-pt-ktf.univie.ac.at/home/evs/
Wetschanow, K. (2012). Geschlechtergerechtes Formulieren (p. 4). Wien: bm:uk. Retrieved from https://www.bmb.gv.at/ministerium/rs/formulieren_folder2012_7108.pdf?4e4zxz
What’s Driving the Global Refugee Crisis? (2016, September 15). Retrieved 30 May 2017, from https://www.crisisgroup.org/global/what-s-driving-global-refugee-crisis
Yu, W. (2015). Women and employment in Taiwan. Retrieved 14 June 2017, from https://www.brookings.edu/opinions/women-and-employment-in-taiwan/
Zach, A. (1997). Frauenvolksbegehren 7. bis 14. April 1997. Retrieved 21 July 2017, from http://www.renner-institut.at/fileadmin/frauenmachengeschichte/volksbg/frauenvbg.htm
Zumitzavan, V., & Michie, J. (2015). Personal Knowledge Management, Leadership Styles, and Organisational Performance. Singapore: Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-438-2
原住民族委員會. (2015). Laws and Regulations [公告]. Retrieved 14 June 2017, from http://www.apc.gov.tw/portal/docList.html?CID=74DD1F415708044A