本論文針對現行超級電容輕軌車輛系統，導入無線充電技術並進行輔助充電，以延長列車運行時間與行駛距離。以比例1:48鐵道模型在全長335 cm環型模型鐵路上進行模擬與測試。運用無線充電(Wireless Charge)之裝置，使用頻率500 kHz磁共振無線充電( Resonance Charging )進行實驗，比較接觸與無線充電兩種充電方式，較適合在何種運作環境下替輕軌充電，無線充電用發送端與接收端線圈使用PCB刻製線圈和繞製漆包絞線，比較哪一種型式充電線圈適合應用在輕軌上，電能儲存使用自行製作2 F/ 11V電容模組，模擬實際輕軌電車電力儲存模組。
經模型模擬結果，利用交通路口停等號誌期間使用無線充電替輕軌進行輔助充電，可減緩輕軌上超級電容消耗電能速度，延長輕軌超級電容模組使用時間，避免使用接觸式充電造成行人觸電危險、氣候干擾與妨礙駕駛視野等問題，無線充電使用磁共振方式可避免受到鐵軌上金屬物品的干擾而影響充電效率。

This study is to introduce wireless charging into the supercapacitor light rail train system as an auxiliary charging method, which aims to extend the operation time and distance of the trains. We built a rail model of 1 to 48 scale on a circular railroad of 335 cm in length to simulate and test. The wireless charging is implemented by the magnetic resonance charging of 500 kHz in frequency. We also investigated the operation environments appropriate for contact charging and wireless charging in the light rail train system. Printed coils on PCBs and enameled wire coils were used as transmitting and receiving ends in wireless charging. Both coils are tested to find the more appropriate one which will be later used in the light rail train. A self-made 2F/11V capacitor module was used as the electricity storage device to simulate the actual electricity storage module in the light rail train.
The results of model simulation show that the wireless charging as an auxiliary charging method during the stops at the traffic lights can reduce the speed of electricity consumption of the light rail train supercapacitors and extend the running time of the light rail train supercapacitors. In addition, wireless charging can avoid the problems of electricity shock, climate interference and driver eyesight blocking found in the contact charging method. By the magnetic resonance charging, the charging efficiency may not be significantly affected by the metal objects on the railroads, such as metal rails. The experiment results of transmitting and receiving ends show that the charging efficiency of enameled wire coils is higher than that of printed coils on PCBs.

目 錄
中文摘要…………………………………………………………………………I
ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………... II
致謝……………………………………………………………………………… III
目錄……………………………………………………………………………… IV
表目錄…………………………………………………………………………… VI
圖目錄…………………………………………………………………………… VII
第一章 緒論…………………………………………………………………….. 1
1.1引言……………………………………………………………………….. 1
1.2 歷史文獻回顧………………………………………………………………….4
1.3 研究目的…………………………………………………………………. 7
1.4論文大鋼………………………………………………………………….. 7
第二章 研究方法………………………………………………..………………8
2.1主體架構……..………………………………………………………… 8
2.2無線充電輔助超級電容輕軌系統………………………………………10
2.3實驗電車模型製造……………………………………………………… 11
2.4鐵道模擬環境…………………………………………………………… 13
2.5模擬用架空電車線製作……………………………..…………………. 15
2.6模型電車集電弓製作與設計流程……………………………...………. 18
2.7無線充電模組發送端設計製做流程…………………………...………. 19
2.7.1無線充電概述……………………..……..…………………………...20
2.7.2磁感應無線充電 ( Magnetic Induction Charging )………….…….21
2.7.3電磁共振 ( Resonance Charging ) ……………………………….…. 22
2.7.4電容耦合充電 ( Capacitive Coupling Charging ) ………..………….23
2.7.5 三種無線充電比較圖………………………………………………..23
2.7.6 無線充電品質因子 Q ……...…………………….…………………25
2.7.7無線充電電磁共振等效電路設計…………………………………...
25
2.8超級電容模組設計製作流程……………………………………………..26
2.9整流模組設計製作………………………………………………………..28
2.10直流升降壓電路選用……………………………………………………30
第三章 實驗結果與分析………………………………………………………..32
3.1實驗方式…………………………………………………………………. 32
3.1.1 LCR頻譜分析儀設定與操作……..…………………………………32
3.1.2單芯線圈與多芯線圈製作分析比較………………………...………33
3.2 模型用發送與接收端線圈製作…………………………………………. 36
3.3 發送與接收端線圈無線充電感應距離分析…………………………….42
3.4超級電容並聯充放電速度測試…………………………………………. 46
3.4.1超級電容串並聯充放電速度測試…………………….……………..47
3.5超級電容電車空載操作時間與速度測試………………………………. 49
3.6 超級電容電車空載與滿載行駛距離分析……………………………… 51
3.7 超級電容電車使用無線充電分析………………………………………. 58
3.8換算實際規格估算…………………………………………………… 60
第四章 結論與未來展望……………………………………………….……….61
4.1結論………………………………………………………………………. 61
4.2 未來展望……………………….………………………………………… 61
參考文獻………………………………………………………………………… 62





表 目 錄
表1-1 現今台灣使用中或興建中輕軌系統比較………………………5
表2-1 現今常用三種無線充電方式比較表…………………………… 24
表3-1 三種線材製作線圈測試數值…………………………………… 36
表3-2 三款發送端線圈量測數值……………………………………… 38
表3-3 三款PCB雕刻發送端線圈量測數值…………………………...40
表3-4 三款接收端線圈量測數值……………………………………… 42
表3-5 電容充電特性曲線………………………………………………. 47
表3-6 電容並聯充電電流曲線量測表…………………………………. 47
表3-7 電容串並聯容量充電速度量測表……………………………… 48
表3-8 2 F / 11 V電容模組實際量測充電電流…………………………49
表3-9 使用DC 5 V 無負載操作時間………………………………….. 50
表3-10 使用DC 10 V 無負載操作時間………………………………… 50
表3-11 自製砝碼重量量測一覽表………………………………………. 52
表3-12 使用2F / 11 V超級電容模組電壓放電曲線表………………….52
表3-13 使用DC 10 V負載150 g操作時間……………………………. 53
表3-14 使用DC 10 V 負載300 g操作時間…………………………… 54
表3-15 使用DC 10 V 負載450 g操作時間…………………………… 54
表3-16 使用DC 10 V 負載600 g操作時間…………………………… 55
表3-17 使用DC 10 V 負載750 g操作時間…………………………… 56
表3-18 各不同負載之量測數據圖………………………………………. 57
表3-19 操作在DC 10 V不同負載下馬達內阻曲線圖………………….57
表3-20 2F / 11 V與0.5 F / 11 V超級電容模組充電電壓計錄…………59
表3-21 模型與實際規格推算…………………………………………….60
圖 目 錄
圖1-1 超級電容輕軌基本原理架構圖………………………………… 1
圖1-2 今日高雄正常營運中超級電容輕軌…………………………… 2
圖1-3 高雄輕軌列車上使用的超級電容模組(黃圈標示)…………….2
圖1-4 使用鋰鐵電池的草衙道觀光電車……………………………… 6
圖1-5 使用架空線淡海輕軌…………………………………………… 6
圖2-1 軌道區域充電系統架構圖………………………………………. 9
圖2-2 車輛區域系統架構圖……………………………………………. 9
圖2-3 超級電容區域架構圖……………………………………………. 10
圖2-4 無線充電輔助超級電容輕軌系統架構圖……………………….11
圖2-5 1/48比例模型電車外觀圖………………………………………. 12
圖2-6 電車內部線路配製圖……………………………………………. 12
圖2-7 環狀模擬環境規格與充電區間配置圖………………………….13
圖2-8 環狀模擬環境實景圖……………………………………………. 14
圖2-9 模擬用架空電車線設計側視規格圖……………………………. 14
圖2-10 架空電車線設計正視規格圖……………………………………. 14
圖2-11 模擬用架空電車線成品圖……………………………………… 15
圖2-12 控制板升起觸碰切換開關示意圖………………………………. 15
圖2-13 模擬用架空電車線設計側視規格圖……………………………. 16
圖2-14 模擬用架空電車線側視成品圖………………………………… 16
圖2-15 架空電車線設計正視規格圖………………………………….… 17
圖2-16 模擬用架空電車線正視成品圖………………………………… 17
圖2-17 模型電車用集電弓成品圖………………………………………. 18
圖2-18 安裝在模型電車上外觀圖……………………………………… 19
圖2-19 無線充電模組發送端設計圖…………………………………… 20
圖2-20 無線充電發送端模組實品圖…………………………………… 20
圖2-21 無線充電基本架構圖…………………………………………… 21
圖2-22 磁感應無線充電基本架構圖…………………………………… 21
圖2-23 磁共振無線充電基本架構圖…………………………………… 22
圖2-24 電容耦合無線充電基本架構圖………………………………… 23
圖2-25 2 F/ 11 V超級電容模組電路…………..………………………… 27
圖2-26 2 F/ 11 V超級電容模組電路板成品……….…………………… 27
圖2-27 電容模組使用的ELNA 1 F / 5.5 V 超級電容…………………. 28
圖2-28 1 F/ 5.5 V超級電容規格圖……..………………………………. 28
圖2-29 整流模組電路設計圖…………………………………………… 29
圖2-30 整流模組電路設計實品與上零件圖…………………………… 29
圖2-31 整流模組安裝於電車模型車輪間圖…………………………… 29
圖2-32 使用直流升降壓電路圖………………………………………… 31
圖2-33 直流升降壓電路成品圖………………………………………… 31
圖3-1 MT 4090桌上型零件測量儀介面……………..……………….. 32
圖3-2 利用直徑20 cm的線材收納卷外圍繞製線圈示意圖………… 33
圖3-3 三種線材繞製出來線圈成品圖………………………………… 33
圖3-4 使用線徑0.8mm純銅單芯漆包線外觀圖……………………... 34
圖3-5 0.1 mm*100股多芯絞線製作成直徑20 cm線圈成品圖……... 34
圖3-6 0.1 mm*200股多芯絞線製作成直徑20 cm線圈成品圖……… 35
圖3-7 PCB 板製作發送端線圈正反面成品與規格圖………………... 37
圖3-8 線徑0.1 mm*40線圈成品圖……………………………………. 37
圖3-9 線徑0.1 mm*20製圈成品圖……..……….……………………. 38
圖3-10 第一款雕刻線圈長 73 mm 寬 33 mm成品外觀圖…………… 39
圖3-11 PCB 板製作發送端線圈量測數值圖…………………………... 39
圖3-12 第三款雕刻線圈長85 mm 寬度33 mm成品外觀圖………….. 39
圖3-13 PCB製作接收端線圈成品圖……………………………………. 41
圖3-14 模型電車用線徑0.1 mm*20接收端線圈成品圖………………. 41
圖3-15 模型電車用線徑0.1 mm*40接收端線圈成品圖………………. 41
圖3-16 DC 5V發送端輸出波形圖………………………………………. 43
圖3-17 輸入DC 5 V線徑0.1 mm*20接收端感應距離1 cm 波形圖…. 43
圖3-18 DC 12 V發送端波形圖………………………………………….. 44
圖3-19 DC 12 V線徑0.1 mm*20接收端感應距離1 cm 波形圖……… 44
圖3-20 輸入DC 9 V發送端與接收端感應距離為1 cm 波形圖…. 45
圖3-21 在DC 9 V線徑0.1 mm*40 接收端波形圖…………………….. 45
圖3-22 使用線徑0.1 mm*40 DC 12 V發送端波形圖………….…….. 46
圖3-23 DC 12 V 線徑0.1 mm x 40股 接收端波形圖…………………. 46
圖3-24 模型電車150 g負載示意圖……………………………………. 52
圖3-25 模型電車300 g負載示意圖……………………………………. 53
圖3-26 模型電車450 g負載示意圖……………………………………. 54
圖3-27 模型電車600 g負載示意圖…………………………………….. 55
圖3-28 模型電車750 g負載示意圖……………………………………. 56
圖3-29 電容容量降為 0.5 F / 11 V 模組圖…………………………… 58

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