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研究生:蕭呈羽
研究生(外文):Siao, Cheng-Yu
論文名稱:蓖麻收集系間在不同期作農藝性狀之變異
論文名稱(外文):Agronomic character variation among the accessions of castor (Ricinus communis L.) in different crop seasons
指導教授:林素汝林素汝引用關係
指導教授(外文):Lin, Su-Ju
口試委員:郭介煒林汶鑫
口試委員(外文):Kuo, Chei-WeiLin, Wen-Shin
口試日期:2018-01-22
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立屏東科技大學
系所名稱:農園生產系所
學門:農業科學學門
學類:一般農業學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2018
畢業學年度:106
語文別:中文
論文頁數:119
中文關鍵詞:蓖麻油料作物產量構成要素種原評估
外文關鍵詞:castor(Ricinus communis L.)oil cropyield componentgermplasm evalution
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蓖麻為世界十大油料作物之一,是工業用油重要的原料,用途廣泛,整株植株皆有經濟價值,植株適應力強,可於乾旱、荒地、鹽鹼地生長,對栽培管理要求低。蓖麻為異交作物,且外表型易受環境影響,因此具有許多形態特徵。本研究分別於春秋兩季種植不同蓖麻收集系,並進行農藝性狀的調查,其中包含16個質的與15個量的性狀。收集系來源包括中國、韓國、印度及台灣,不同收集系間植株與種子的外表型具有差異。其中,江蘇徐州收集系來自於高緯度的中國,此收集系於秋作中出現植株、花序與果穗均為紅色的現象,具有觀賞價值,但於春作中卻無此特性。春作中第一果穗結果高度、株高、果穗數顯著高於秋作,含油率則顯著低於秋作,兩期作的種子產量與產油量無顯著差異。不同收集系間株高介於53-241公分,分枝數介於1-3個,果穗數介於1-17個,單粒種子重介於0.13-0.38克,種子產量介於5-87克,含油率介於27-39%,不同收集系間產油量無顯著差異。種子產量會受到各種產量構成要素影響,種子產量與分枝數、株高、果穗數等性狀間呈顯著正相關,其中與果穗數間的相關最為顯著,分別為秋作0.914、春作0.757,產油量與種子產量也呈顯著正相關,相關係數為0.984(秋作)與0.985(春作),而種子含油率與種子大小呈顯著負相關,然而順天大農場與全面玉果收集系種子較小但卻有較高的含油率。台灣關於蓖麻外表形態的研究並不多,藉由調查不同期作、收集系間之農藝性狀,初步評估收集系間的歧異度,挑選優良性狀,期望能用於種原保存或作為栽培與育種選拔的參考。
Castor is one of oilseed crop in the world, a raw material for multifarious industry application. The whole plant can be used and with high economic values. Castor has wide range of adaptation, can be grown under drought, saline, and borderland with low crop management. A great variation in phenotypic is due to its cross-pollinated and environmental influences. Accessions of castor were grown in 2016 autumn and 2017 spring separately in this research, and investigated on 16 qualitative traits and 15 quantitative traits. Accessions are collected from China, Korea, India, and Taiwan, that has diverse morphological variation among the accession. One of accession having red stem, leave, spike, capsule which is collected from temperate region in China, is potentially good for ornamental use but this trait only present in 2016 autumn. The height of main ear, plant height, and number of ear in 2017 spring were significant more than 2016 autumn, but oil content was significant lower. And, seed yield and oil yield showed no significant differences between 2016 autumn and 2017 spring. Great diversity was observed for morphology among castor accessions. Plant height ranged from 53 to 241 cm, number of branch ranged from 1 to 3, number of ear ranged from 1 to 17, seed weight per seed ranged from 0.13 to 0.38 g, seed yield ranged from 5 to 87 g, oil content ranged from 27 to 39%, and oil yield showed no significant difference among accessions. Seed yield was affected by yield components. Seed yield had significantly positive correlation with number of branch, plant height, number of ear. Among them the number of ear was the most significant, with coefficient of 0.914 in 2016 autumn, and 0.757 in 2017 spring separately. Oil yield showed significantly high positive relationship with seed yield, the correlation coefficient was 0.984 in 2016 autumn, and 0.985 in 2017 spring. Oil content had significantly negative relationship with seed size. The accession from Korea (accession 3) and Chine (accession 11) has small seed with high oil content. There are a very few researches describing agronomic character variation in castor in Taiwan. This research conducted investigation on the morphology of accessions in two crop season, also evaluated the diversity among the accessions, hope the results can be used for preservation of germplasm and castor breeding in Taiwan.
摘要 ……………………………………………………………………………I
英文摘要…………………………………………………………………….III
誌謝 …………………………………………………………………………..V
目錄 …. ………………………………………………………………………VI
圖表目錄…………………………………………………………………….IX
第壹章 前言 1
第貳章 文獻回顧 2
一、蓖麻分布與起源 2
二、蓖麻生長與栽培 4
三、蓖麻形態特徵 8
四、蓖麻之利用 11
五、蓖麻種原評估與育種 14
第參章 材料與方法 18
一、試驗植株材料 18
二、試驗方法 20
(一) 田間栽培 20
(二) 收集系農藝性狀調查項目 20
1. 植株質的性狀……………………………………………21
2. 植株量的性狀……………………………………………28
3. 種子質的性狀……………………………………………28
4. 種子量的性狀……………………………………………31
(三) 測定含油率 32
(四) 統計分析 32
第肆章 結果 33
一、環境氣候與植株生長情形 33
二、兩期作之農藝性狀差異 36
(一) 量的性狀調查 36
(二) 質的性狀調查 41
三、不同收集系於兩期作中農藝性狀調查 51
(一) 植株量的性狀調查 51
(二) 植株質的性狀調查 61
(三) 種子及果實量的性狀 68
(四) 種子及果實質的性狀 77
(五) 產量構成要素之調查 80
(六) 不同農藝性狀間相關性分析 88
第伍章 討論 92
第陸章 結論 102
參考文獻…………………………………………………………………...104
附錄………………………………………………………………………...115
作者簡介…………………………………………………………………...119
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