因為原水中鋁濃度偏高，加上淨水程序添加含鋁混凝劑來處理原水，故導致某一個淨水場處理後之鋁濃度無法低於內控目標值。本研究的實驗方法是採集這個淨水廠原水，淨水場原水濁度範圍在10〜20 NTU，以實驗室杯瓶試驗進行，瓶杯靜置後之上澄液水質分析。初步結果顯示殘留鋁型態主要以顆粒鋁（約佔60％）型態存在，原水水樣經過三種混凝劑處理，發現混凝劑對於上澄液鋁的處理效率由高到低依序為：氯化鐵＞多元聚化鋁（簡稱PACl）＞硫酸鋁混凝劑，當添加這些鋁系、建議若使用PACl作為混凝劑，加藥量12mg/L，pH值控制在7.01與7.62 ; 若使用硫酸鋁作為混凝劑，加藥量在16 mg/L，pH控制在7.01與7.62時 ; 若使用氯化鐵作為混凝劑，加藥量在6 mg/L，不用調整pH與不需增減加藥量。上述三種方法皆可以使得本個案在低濁度原水之條件下，處理後清水鋁濃度低於0.16mg/L之內控目標值，符合現行飲用水法規。鐵系混凝劑，上澄液殘餘鋁濃度隨著添加混凝劑劑量上升而增加。

Because the concentration of aluminum in raw water was high, and the aluminum-based coagulant was added in water treatment processes to purify the raw water, result in the residual concentration of aluminum could not lower than the internal control target value. The experimental method of this study is to test raw water in a water treatment plant. The turbidity of tested raw water is ranging from 10 to 20 NTU, and is carried out a laboratory jar test. After the water was tested and precipitated, the water quality of the water was analyzed. Results show that the residual aluminum type mainly exists in the form of aluminum particles (about 60%). The raw water samples were treated by three different coagulants. It was found that the treatment efficiency of aluminum in treated waters from high to low were : ferric chloride > polyaluminum polyhydride (referred to as PACl) > aluminum sulfate coagulant. When adding these aluminum-based coagulants, it is recommended to use PACl as a coagulant, and the dosage is 12 mg / L, the pH value is controlled at 7.01 and 7.62; If aluminum sulfate is used as a coagulant, the optima dosage is 16 mg/L, optima pH should be controlled at 7.01 and 7.62; if ferric chloride is used as coagulant, the optima dosage is 6 mg/L, and it is no need to adjust pH and to increase or decrease the dosage. All of the above three methods can make the case study of the internal control target value of aluminum in treated water below 0.16mg/L under the condition of low turbidity of raw water, and pass the current drinking water regulations. For the iron-based coagulant, the residual concentration of aluminum was increased as the dosage of the added coagulant increased.

目錄
論文審定書 i
謝誌 ii
摘要 iii
Abastract iv
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 ix
第一章 前 言 1
1-1 研究緣起 1
1-2 研究內容 2
第二章 研究背景與文獻整理 3
2-1淨水場原水來源及供水現況 3
2-1-1 水庫水質 3
2-1-2 B淨水場概述 10
2-2 原水及清水鋁性質及控制方法 13
2-3 影響活性碳吸附因子 16
2-3-1 混凝作用對活性碳吸附的影響 16
2-3-2 加氯對活性碳吸附的影響 16
2-4混凝膠凝與沉澱機制 19
2-4-1混凝機制 20
2-4-2膠凝機制 21
2-4-3沉澱機制 22
2-5 常見混凝劑種類及相關研究 24
2-5-1混凝劑種類 24
2-5-2鐵係混凝劑相關研究 25
2-5-3 鋁系混凝系相關研究 26
2-6影響混凝效率之因子 28
2-6-1 pH 28
2-6-2 加藥量 30
2-6-3水溫 34
第三章 研究方法及步驟 35
3-1 研究方法 35
3-2 實驗藥品及設備 36
3-3 水質項目與方法 37
3-4 採樣前置作業與品保品管作業 38
3-5 杯瓶試驗 38
第四章 結果與討論 44
4-1以濁度決定最適加藥量之杯瓶試驗 44
4-2以清水鋁濃度決定最佳pH之杯瓶試驗 47
4-3以清水鋁濃度決定增減加藥量之杯瓶試驗 51
4-4混凝劑成本分析 54
4-5降低處理後清水鋁方法 59
第五章 結論與建議 62
5-1結論 62
5-2建議 63
參考文獻 64

 
圖目錄
圖2-1-1-1、A水庫集水區概況圖…………………..................………….4
圖2-2-1-2、A水庫概況…………………….…………………..………..…..5
圖2-1-1-3、A水庫抽水站………………………………………………..…..5
圖2-1-1-4、A水庫民國82年至民國106年卡爾森優養指標變化趨勢圖…………………..……………………………………...……………...……..9
圖2-1-2-1、B淨水場淨水處理流程圖………………………………..…..10
圖2-1-2-2、B淨水場場終沉池………………………......................……11
圖2-1-2-3、B淨水場刮泥設備……………………………………………….11
圖2-1-2-4、B淨水場抽泥設備………………………………………..……12
圖2-1-2-5、B淨水場過濾單元……………………………………….…..…12
圖2-4-1、一般混凝淨水處理設置…………………………………………19
圖2-4-1-1、吸附及架橋作用…………………………………………..……21
圖2-4-2-1、電雙層示意圖…………………………………..…………….…22
圖2-5-2-1、鐵之溶解度積表…………………………….…………………26
圖2-5-3-1、鋁之溶解度積表………………………….………………….…27
圖2-6-1-1、不同加藥量對之影響………………………….………………29
圖2-6-1-2、PACl沉澱物濃度與pH之關係………………………………30
圖2-6-2-1、加藥量與pH變化之關係…..…………………………….……31
圖2-6-2-2、加藥量與殘餘濁度之關係……..………………….………….31
圖2-6-2-3、不同混凝劑及加藥量對膠羽形成速率及膠羽大小影..………………………………………………………..…………….……...33
圖3-1-1、研究架構流程圖…………..………..……………………………..35
圖3-5-1、杯瓶試驗架構圖………………………..……….………………..40
圖3-5 2、杯瓶試驗示意圖……………….……...….….……………………41
圖3-5-3、第一階段杯瓶試驗………………….………………………….…42
圖3-5 4、第二階段杯瓶試驗………………….………………………….…43
 
表目錄
表2-1-1-1 A、水庫在整治前後之水質彙整表………….........................8
表2-6-1-1、鐵系及鋁系混凝劑操作參數比較表……………………….…28
表2-6-2-1、不同混凝劑於不同加藥量下之Sf、Rf值….……………..…34
表 3-1-1、藥品及設備清單……………………………………………….…36
表 3-2-1、水質分析方法及水質標準表……………………………..……37
表4-1-1、第一階段杯瓶試驗結果彙整……………………………….…...45
表4-2-1、第二階段杯瓶試驗結果彙整……………………………..…….48
表4-3-1、第三階段杯瓶試驗結果彙整…………………………………..…52
表4-4-1、PACl、硫酸鋁與氯化鐵混凝劑之成本分析與差異…………56
表4-4-2、調整pH後添加PACl、硫酸鋁與氯化鐵之成本分析與差異比較彙整……..………………………………...…….………………………..…58
表4-5-1、B淨水場殘餘鋁控制策略評分表………………….……………61

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