在台灣的工業發展中，眾多類型工業用油的需求下，廢棄油泥的處理便成為必要的課題，而研究顯示油泥含有高熱值可回收其中的熱能源。國內仍有大部分未被回收的油泥常直接進入掩埋場，如在處裡過程中稍有不當，將會衍生出嚴重污染土壤及地下水之問題。目前掩埋場屬於低成本且簡易的方法，但其容量逐漸達飽和，也會存在著污染物溶出的風險。如今環保意識日益高漲，為降低燃料燃燒後之污染與使用之成本，預達成廢棄物資源化再利用之目標。本研究選用原木製加工產出廢木屑作為基材，與合法油泥回收處理場所提供之油泥均勻混合後進行壓錠，製成固態廢棄物衍生燃料-RDF-5。其優點有熱值均勻、體積減量、容易保存運送等，與現行多類燃料混燒亦可降低二次污染物之排放量，可使企業產生經濟效益，也能達到廢棄物減量、降低污染之目的。本研究結果顯示添加木屑至廢黃油或工業廢潤滑油泥中之最佳比例RDF-5，熱值分別廢黃油RDF-5 為7,113 kcal/kg 及工業廢潤滑油泥RDF-5 為6,008 kcal/kg，其熱值高於煙煤具有輔助燃料之潛力。在油泥製備RDF-5 的技術上，應用於廢棄物焚燒廠、發電廠等產業上，不僅可降低環境污染、亦增加企業在產業間競爭力。

In the industrial development of Taiwan, the disposal of waste sludge has become a necessary issue under the demand of many types of industrial oils, and studies have shown that sludge contains high calorific value to recover thermal energy. Most of the unrecovered sludge in China still directly enters the landfill. If it is slightly inappropriate in the process, it will cause serious pollution of soil and groundwater. At present, the landfill is a low-cost and simple method, but its capacity is gradually saturated, and there is also a risk of pollutants being dissolved. Nowadays, environmental awareness is increasing. In order to reduce the cost of pollution and use after fuel combustion, the goal of recycling and recycling of waste is achieved. In this study, the waste wood chips produced from the raw wood processing were used as the
substrate, and the sludge provided by the legal sludge recovery and treatment site was uniformly mixed and then pressed into a solid waste-derived fuel-RDF-5. The advantages are uniform heating value, volume reduction, easy storage and transportation, etc., and the current multi-class fuel co-firing can also reduce the emission of secondary pollutants, which can enable enterprises to generate economic benefits, and can also achieve waste reduction and pollution reduction. purpose. The results of this study show that RDF-5 added to wood chips to waste butter or industrial waste lubricating oil has a calorific value of 7,113 kcal/kg and 6,008 kcal/kg, respectively, and its calorific value is higher than that of bituminous coal with auxiliary fuel. In the technology of preparing RDF-5 for sludge, it can be applied to industries such as waste incineration plants and power plants, which not only reduces environmental pollution, but also increases the competitiveness of enterprises in the industry.

目錄

學位論文審定書 i
謝誌 ii
摘要 iii
ABSTRACT iv
目錄 v
圖目錄 ix
表目錄 xi
第一章 前言 1
1-1 研究緣起 1
1-2 研究目標 2
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2-1 油泥來源與定義 3
2-1-1 油泥 3
2-1-2 油泥組成分 4
2-1-3 油泥性質 5
2-1-4 廢油泥資源化技術概況 7
2-2 基材 10
2-2-1 木材衍生物 10
2-2-2 加工木屑廢棄物再利用 11
2-2-3 生質物共燃燒的材料特性與饒燒效果 12
2-3 廢棄衍生燃料 RDF 13
2-3-1 RDF 分類 13
2-3-2 RDF 特性 14
2-3-3 RDF 製造流程 15
2-3-4 國內外應用 RDF 之技術 16
2-4 RDF 造成環境之影響 12
2-4-1 一氧化碳(CO)之危害特性 18
2-4-2 二氧化碳(CO2)之危害特性 18
2-4-3 氮氧化物(NOx)之危害特性 19
2-4-4 懸浮微粒(PM2.5)之危害特性 20
2-5 鍋爐 21
2-5-1 鍋爐介紹 21
2-5-2 鍋爐原理 21
2-5-3 鍋爐種類 22
2-5-4 鍋爐燃料 23
第三章 研究方法 25
3-1 研究架構與流程 25
3-2 實驗設備與藥品及耗材 30
3-2-1 元素分析儀 30
3-2-2 感應耦合原子發射光譜儀 31
3-2-3 熱重分析儀 32
3-2-4 環境掃描式電子顯微鏡 33
3-2-5 熱卡計 34
3-2-6 直讀式氣體偵測儀 35
3-2-7 循環送風式烘箱 36
3-2-8 微量分析電子天秤 36
3-2-9 PM2.5 採樣管氯離子含量測定儀 37
3-2-10 氯離子含量測定儀 38
3-2-11 實驗使用藥品及耗材 39
第四章 結果與討論 40
4-1 基本性質分析 40
4-1-1 三成分分析 40
4-2 重金屬分析 41
4-2-1 原始基材 41
4-2-2 廢黃油混和木屑製成 RDF-5 43
4-2-3 工業廢潤滑油混和木屑製成 RDF-5 46
4-3 元素分析 50
4-3-1 原始基材 50
4-3-2 廢黃油混和木屑製成 RDF-5 52
4-3-3 工業廢潤滑油混和木屑製成 RDF-5 54
4-4 燃燒試驗 56
4-4-1 廢黃油混和木屑製成 RDF-5 56
4-4-2 工業廢潤滑油混和木屑製成 RDF-5 57
4-5 熱值檢測 56
4-5-1 原始基材 58
4-5-2 油泥混和木屑製成 RDF-5 60
4-6 燃燒氣體分析 64
4-6-1 廢黃油混和木屑製成 RDF-5 64
4-6-2 工業廢潤滑油混和木屑製成 RDF-5 66
4-7 PM2.5 燃燒排放分析 68
4-7-1 廢黃油混和木屑製成 RDF-5 69
4-7-2 工業廢潤滑油混和木屑製成 RDF-5 70
4-8 熱重分析 71
4-8-1 廢黃油混和木屑製成 RDF-5 71
4-8-2 工業廢潤滑油混和木屑製成 RDF-5 72
4-9 RDF 燃燒後灰分環境掃描分析 73
4-10 RDF 燃燒後灰分毒性溶出試驗(TCLP) 74
4-10-1 廢黃油混和木屑製成 RDF-5 74
4-10-2 工業廢潤滑油混和木屑製成 RDF-5 75
4-11 成本效益分析 76
第五章 結論與建議 80
5-1 結論 80
5-2 建議 81
參考文獻 82

圖目錄
圖 2-1 廢棄物衍生燃料 RDF-5 製造流程 16
圖 2-2 鍋爐系統流程示意圖 21
圖 3-1 廢木屑進行過篩程序 25
圖 3-2 研究架構流程圖 29
圖 3-3 元素分析儀 30
圖 3-4 感應耦合園子發射光譜儀 32
圖 3-5 熱重分析儀 32
圖 3-6 環境掃描式電子顯微鏡 33
圖 3-7 熱 卡計 35
圖 3-8 直讀式氣體偵測儀 35
圖 3-9 循環式風箱 36
圖 3-10 微量分析電子天平 36
圖 3-11 PM2.5 採樣管 37
圖 3-12 氯離子含量測定儀 38
圖 4-1 廢 木屑 40
圖 4-2 廢 黃油 40
圖 4-3 工業廢潤滑油泥 40
圖 4-4 廢黃油與木屑混和之 Zn 含量變化 44
圖 4-5 廢黃油與木屑混和之 Cr 含量變化 44
圖 4-6 廢黃油與木屑混和之 Ni 含量變化 45
圖 4-7 廢黃油與木屑混和之 Cu 含量變化 45
圖 4-8 工業廢潤滑油泥與木屑混和之 Zn 含量變化 47
圖 4-9 工業廢潤滑油泥與木屑混和之 Cr 含量變化 47
圖 4-10 工業廢潤滑油泥與木屑混和之 Ni 含量變化 48

圖 4-11 工業廢潤滑油泥與木屑混和之 Cu 含量變化 48
圖 4-12 工業廢潤滑油泥與木屑混和之 Pb 含量變化 49
圖 4-13 廢黃油、工業廢潤滑油泥與木屑之碳含量 51
圖 4-14 廢黃油與木屑混合之碳含量變化 53
圖 4-15 工業廢潤滑油泥與木屑混合之碳含量變化 55
圖 4-16 廢黃油製成 RDF-5 燃燒前後碳含量變化 56
圖 4-17 工業廢潤滑油泥製成 RDF-5 燃燒前後碳含量變化 57
圖 4-18 原基材熱值 59
圖 4-19 原基材碳含量 59
圖 4-20 廢黃油及工業廢潤滑油泥製成 RDF-5 之熱值 62
圖 4-21 廢黃油及工業廢潤滑油泥製成 RDF-5 之碳含量 62
圖 4-22 廢黃油與木屑 2:1 之空氣污染排放濃度變化 65
圖 4-23 廢黃油與木屑 3:1 之空氣污染排放濃度變化 65
圖 4-24 工業廢潤滑油泥與木屑 2:1 之空氣污染排放濃度變化 67
圖 4-25 工業廢潤滑油泥與木屑 3:1 之空氣污染排放濃度變化 67
圖 4-26 廢黃油及工業廢潤滑油泥製成 RDF-5 之熱重分析曲線 71
圖 4-27 廢黃油及工業廢潤滑油泥製成 RDF-5 之熱重分析曲線 72

表目錄
表 2-1 油田油泥與油池油泥之組成比例 4
表 2-2 各廠所提供之油泥基本資料 6
表 2-3 環保署廢油及油泥工業廢棄物申報數量 7
表 2-4 廢棄衍生燃料分類、發電效率及主要應用 13
表 2-5 各種燃料熱值表 24
表 3-1 油泥、基材之添加比例 26
表 3-2 不同配比廢油泥之 RDF-5 混和樣態 27
表 3-3 廢黃油及工業廢潤滑油泥之 RDF-5 壓錠後樣態 28
表 3-2 實驗所需耗材及藥品清單 39
表 4-1 油泥三成分分析 40
表 4-2 土壤汙染管制標準 41
表 4-3 廢黃油、工業廢潤滑油泥及木屑重金屬含量 42
表 4-4 廢黃油混和木屑之重金屬分析 43
表 4-5 工業廢潤滑油泥混和木屑之重金屬分析 46
表 4-6 廢黃油、工業廢潤滑油泥及木屑之基本元素分析 50
表 4-7 廢黃油混和木屑之元素分析 52
表 4-8 工業廢潤滑油泥混和木屑之重金屬分析 55
表 4-9 廢黃油製成 RDF-5 燃燒試驗碳含量分析 56
表 4-10 工業廢潤滑油泥製成 RDF-5 燃燒試驗碳含量分析 57
表 4-11 廢黃油、工業廢潤滑油泥及木屑之熱值分析 58
表 4-12 混和後 RDF-5 燃料之熱值 60
表 4-13 基材熱值與碳含量 61
表 4-14 各式燃料熱值 63
表 4-15 各式燃料之用途 63

表 4-16 廢黃油製成 RDF-5 燃燒試驗氣體分析 65
表 4-17 工業廢潤滑油泥製成 RDF-5 燃燒試驗氣體分析 67
表 4-18 廢黃油製成 RDF-5 燃燒後 PM2.5 排放濃度 69
表 4-19 工業廢潤滑油泥製成 RDF-5 燃燒後 PM2.5 排放濃度 70
表 4-20 工業廢潤滑油泥製成 RDF-5 燃燒後 PM2.5 排放濃度 70
表 4-20 廢黃油、工業廢潤滑油泥灰渣成像表 73
表 4-21 廢黃油製成 RDF-5 之灰分毒性溶出試驗 74
表 4-22 工業廢潤滑油泥製成 RDF-5 之灰分毒性溶出試驗 75
表 4-23 設備含維修成本 76
表 4-24 人力、原料及水電成本(廢黃油) 77
表 4-25 成本效益總表(廢黃油) 77
表 4-26 人力、原料及水電成本(工業廢潤滑油泥) 78
表 4-27 成本效益總表(工業廢潤滑油泥) 78
表 4-28 燃料煤與 RDF-5 價格之比較 79

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