目的：本研究探討10週高脂飲食介入是否會抑制Sprague Dawley大鼠的自發性身體活動量，心臟功能和血糖控制。方法：[Exp #1]使用16隻雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠隨機分為標準飲食(SD：10％脂肪)或高脂飲食(HFD：45％脂肪)介入並持續10週。在飲食介入期間，每週記錄體重，水和食物攝入量。除此之外，在9週時測量血糖控制相關指標 (空腹血糖，胰島素，糖化血色素(HbA1c)，胰島素耐受性測試(ITT)，腹膜內葡萄糖耐受性測試(IPGTT))和自發性身體活動量(SPA)，於10週時測量身體組成與激素(瘦素和脂連蛋白)。[Exp #2]使用14隻雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠，依據Exp #1進行飲食介入，並於第10週測量心臟功能。結果：標準和高脂飼料介入對於自發性身體活動量和心臟功能沒有差異。 而高脂飼料介入顯著造成體重增加和脂肪積累此外也增加瘦素水平，且降低肌肉量。但在兩組介入之間脂聯素水平無顯著差異。然而，與控制組相比，高脂飲食組的血糖，HbA1c和HOMA均顯著升高。另外，高脂組的胰島素耐受性測試之曲線下面積顯著較高，但對腹膜內葡萄糖耐受性測試之曲線下面積沒有差異。結論：結果顯示，過量的卡路里攝入可能在肥胖的發展中扮演更重要的角色，而不是由於缺乏自發性身體活動量所導致。且短期高脂飲食介入大鼠對自發性身體活動量和心臟功能無不良影響。關鍵詞：身體活動，瘦素，心臟功能，胰島素敏感度

Purpose: This study investigates the 10-week high-fat diet would suppress spontaneous physical activity, cardiac functions and glycemic control in Sprague Dawley rats. Methods: [Exp #1] 16 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into: standard diet (SD: 10% fat) or high-fat diet (HFD: 45% fat) for 10-weeks. Throughout the dietary intervention period, body weight, water and food intake were recorded on a weekly basis. In addition, glycemic control (fasting blood glucose, insulin, HbA1c, insulin tolerance test (ITT), intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT)) and spontaneous physical activity (SPA) were measured at the 9th week. The body composition and hormones (leptin, adiponectin) were measured at 10-weeks. [Exp #2] 14 Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned and underwent the identical dietary intervention as Exp #1, and the cardiac function were measured at 10th week. Results: SPA and cardiac functions were not different between the SD and HFD treatments. HFD consumption significantly increased weight gain and fat accumulation also increase in circulating leptin levels. Muscle mass was decreased compared to the control diet. However, blood glucose, HbA1c and HOMA were all significantly elevated for HFD compared to SD. In addition, the AUC for ITT test was significantly greater for the HFD treatment group, but the AUC for IPGTT and adiponectin levels were not significantly different between the treatment. Conclusion: These results suggest that excessive caloric intake may play a more critical role in the development of obesity rather than the lack of SPA. Short-term high-fat diet intervention produced no deletoious effects on spontaneous physical activity and cardiac functions in rats. Keyword: physical activity, leptin, cardiac functions, insulin sensitivity, HOMA

中文摘要 i
ABSTRACT ii
Contents list iii
Figures or Illustrations v
List of Figure v
List of Table v
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Aims of study 2
1.3 Research question 2
1.4 Research hypothesis 3
Chapter 2 Literature review 4
2.1 Obesity 4
2.2 High-fat diet and metabolic biomarker profiles 5
2.3 Physical activity 11
2.4 HFD effects on adipokines circulating levels 14
2.5 HFD effects on Cardiac function 14
2.6 Summary 15
Chapter 3 Material and methods 16
3.1 Animal care 16
3.2 Experimental protocol 16
3.3 Physical activity 18
3.4 Body composition 18
3.5 Glycemic control 19
3.6 Blood sample analysis using ELISA (insulin, leptin, adiponectin) 19
3.7 Cardiac function Statistical analyses 20
3.8 Statistical analysis 21
Chapter 4 Results 22
4.1 Body weight 22
4.2 Food and water intake 23
4.3 Body composition 28
4.4 Glycemic control 29
4.5 Metabolic biomarkers 30
4.6 Spontaneous physical activity 31
4.7 Cardiac Function 32
Chapter 5 Discussion 33
Chapter 7 Conclusion 40
Chapter 8 References 41

3.3 Physical activity 17
3.4 Body composition 18
3.5 Insulin tolerance test (ITT) and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) 18
3.6 Blood sample analysis using ELISA (insulin, leptin, adiponectin) 19
3.7 Cardiac function Statistical analyses 20
3.8 Statistical analysis 20
Chapter 4 Results 21
4.1 Body weight 21
4.2 Food and water intake 22
4.3 Body composition 27
4.4 Glycemic control 28
4.5 Metabolic biomarkers 29
4.6 Spontaneous physical activity 30
4.7 Cardiac Function 31
Chapter 5 Discussion 32
Chapter 7 Conclusion 39
Chapter 8 References 40

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