基於光時域反射儀的光纖周界入侵感測系統主要是利用光波散射現象中的背向分量來作訊號的量測和分析處理。
本論文針對此種周界入侵感測系統作訊號上的分析，利用簡化計算量後的矩陣形式推導其數學理論模型，再用軟體依據此數學模型模擬出訊號波形，套用差值法和移動平均差值法對模擬訊號作入侵定位點的判斷，並對以上兩種演算法作定位誤差的比較，發現移動平均差值法幾乎就能精準地定位模擬訊號的入侵擾動點。
並利用王立康教授實驗室所架設之8800公尺光纖的周界入侵感測系統進行實驗，以壓電式光纖拉伸器之縮脹現象來模擬入侵訊號，入侵位置分別為距離光纖入口端500公尺、4400公尺、4900公尺和8800公尺處，進行多次實驗量測。針對量測所得訊號做定位處理，首先精準地定位實際訊號的有效距離量測範圍，再進行定位演算。定位方面除了移動平均差值法以外，加入了本論文所提之小波低通差值法，以及頻譜總和定位法，將上述三種演算法對實際訊號作定位誤差的比較，發現除了入侵位置為500公尺以外，其他不論是4400公尺、4900公尺或8800公尺，小波低通差值法在入侵定位上都有最佳的表現。

The fiber perimeter intrusion detection system based on the optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) mainly uses the backscattering phenomenon in the light wave to analyze and locate the intrusion position. To analyze the signal of this fiber OTDR perimeter intrusion detection system, theoretical backscattered signal model of delta function approximated scatterers in [31] is studied. A Matlab program is developed to simulate backscattered OTDR light intensity signal under various intrusion disturbance and detector noise scenarios. The differential method and moving differential method are applied to the simulation signals to determine the intrusion location. Location errors of the two algorithms under various noise levels are compared and discussed. It is found that the moving differential method can locate the intrusion point from the signal accurately.
An 8.8 km fiber OTDR prototype system is built in Professor Likarn Wang’s Lab. Real OTDR signals under various disturbances controlled by PZT at 0.5 km, 4.4 km, 4.9 km and 8.8 km are recorded. They are processed by moving differential method to determine the intrusion location. In addition to the moving differential method, the wavelet-lowpass differential method and sum of magnitude spectrum method are proposed to estimate the intrusion location. By comparing the location errors, it is found that the wavelet-lowpass differential method performed better than the other two methods in intrusion at 4.4 km, 4.9 km and 8.8 km cases.

摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
誌謝 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 IX
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究背景和動機 1
1.3 文獻回顧 2
1.3.1 周界入侵感測系統種類 2
1.3.2 周界入侵感測系統評估[26] 3
1.3.3 基於光纖感測器的周界入侵感測系統 4
1.4 論文貢獻 4
1.5 論文架構 4
第二章 硬體架構與理論模型 6
2.1 前言 6
2.2 光時域反射儀簡介 6
2.2.1 瑞利散射(Rayleigh Scattering) 7
2.2.2 背向散射波形(Trace of Back Scattering) 7
2.2.3 事件位置(Location of Event) 8
2.2.4 動態測量範圍(Dynamic Range) 8
2.2.5 菲涅耳反射(Fresnel Reflection) 8
2.3 光學硬體架構 9
2.3.1 雷射脈衝光源之光路架構 9
2.3.2 周界入侵感測系統架構 9
2.4 光電元件 10
2.4.1 雷射光源(Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation, Laser) 10
2.4.2 光耦合器(Optic Couplers) 10
2.4.3 光隔離器(Optic Isolators, OIS) 10
2.4.4 光纖波長分波多工器(Wavelength Division Multiplexing, WDM) 11
2.4.5 光循環器(Optic Circulators) 11
2.4.6 壓電式光纖拉伸器(Piezoelectric Fiber Stretcher, PZT) 11
2.4.7 光偵測器(Optic Photodetectors, PD) 11
2.4.8 資料擷取器(Data Acquisition System, DAQ) 11
2.5 基於光時域反射儀的周界入侵感測系統 12
2.5.1 散射訊號之數學模型 12
第三章 軟體模擬 17
3.1 前言 17
3.2 軟體開發環境 17
3.3 一般入侵定位演算法簡介 17
3.3.1 差值法(Differential) 17
3.3.2 移動平均法(Moving Averaging)和移動差值法(Moving Differential)[36] 18
3.4 模擬結果 19
3.4.1 不考量雜訊 19
3.4.2 加入雜訊的考量 22
3.4.3 入侵定位誤差值比較 26
3.5 總結 27
第四章 實驗結果 29
4.1 前言 29
4.2 實驗環境條件 29
4.3 週期波形有效距離量測範圍定位法 29
4.4 移動平均差值法之訊號雜訊比 32
4.5 小波低通差值法 34
4.5.1 小波去噪(Wavelet Denoising) 34
4.5.2 低通濾波(Lowpass Filtering) 35
4.5.3 演算法步驟和流程圖(Steps and Flowchart of Algorithm) 39
4.6 頻譜總和定位法 41
4.6.1 演算法步驟 42
4.7 實驗結果與討論 43
4.7.1 入侵定位結果 43
4.7.2 入侵定位誤差值比較 46
4.8 總結 55
第五章 結論與未來展望 57
參考文獻 59

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