跳到主要內容

臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

(98.84.18.52) 您好!臺灣時間:2024/10/10 18:10
字體大小: 字級放大   字級縮小   預設字形  
回查詢結果 :::

詳目顯示

: 
twitterline
研究生:朱雅雯
研究生(外文):ZHU,YA-WEN
論文名稱:整體植栽密度對於生心理效益與注意力恢復效益之影響-以台中地區郊區道路為例
論文名稱(外文):The Influence of Vegetation Density on Psychophysiological Benefits and Attention Restoration:A case of Taichung Suburban Roads
指導教授:黃宜瑜黃宜瑜引用關係
指導教授(外文):HUANG,YI-YU
口試委員:張俊彥李美芬黃宜瑜
口試委員(外文):CHANG,CHUN-YENLEE,MEI-FENHUANG,YI-YU
口試日期:2018-01-14
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:東海大學
系所名稱:景觀學系
學門:建築及都市規劃學門
學類:景觀設計學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2018
畢業學年度:106
語文別:中文
論文頁數:87
中文關鍵詞:植栽密度生理效益心理效益注意力恢復效益郊區道路
外文關鍵詞:Vegetation densityPhysiological benefitsPsychological benefitsAttention RestorationSuburban roads
相關次數:
  • 被引用被引用:1
  • 點閱點閱:301
  • 評分評分:
  • 下載下載:23
  • 收藏至我的研究室書目清單書目收藏:0
過去研究顯示,自然環境給人們帶來的生心理效益與注意力恢復效益普遍高於都市環境。在自然環境包含的各種景觀元素中,其中又以植栽及水體最受學者們的關注。但即使如此,對於植栽的哪些面向可使人們獲得生心理效益與注意力恢復的效益,過去並沒有多少學者嘗試進行深入研究。本研究主要目的為探討整體植栽密度對於生心理效益與注意力恢復效益之影響。
本研究採用實驗操作法,以東海大學景觀學系之小間研討室作為實驗基地,將已拍攝之台中地區郊區道路照片,按照整體植栽密度從低至高分為六個等級:0.0-30.0%,30.1-40.0%,40.1-50.0%,50.1-60.0%,60.1-70.0%,70.1-100%,每一等級10張照片,共60張照片進行實驗操作。整個實驗過程共約30分鐘,即受測者連接上生理測量儀器後,首先休息3分鐘,再進行注意力疲勞任務持續15分鐘,結束後進行反序數字廣度測驗約3分鐘,緊接著觀看隨機選擇之一等級郊區道路實景照片約6分鐘,後再次進行反序數字廣度測驗3分鐘,此時生理測量結束,最後針對所觀看照片填寫一份知覺恢復量表。
整體研究結果顯示,本研究實驗中採用之注意力疲勞任務確實可引起受測者生理上的疲勞以及注意力上的消耗。同時當人們生理處於較為有壓力與疲勞的狀態時,觀看有包含植栽之圖片,有助於提升生理效益。而當植栽密度高於50.1%後,心跳值與肌電值均呈現顯著的降低趨勢,即生理效益顯著提升;並且越高的植栽密度越有助於提升心理效益,包括遠離、延展性、魅力性與知覺恢復潛力四項心理感受;而受測者在注意力恢復程度上,除植栽密度介於0-30.0%小組外,其餘皆達顯著差異的水準。另一方面,劑量反應曲線檢定結果顯示,整體植栽密度與受測者心跳反應之間可能存在二次線性關係,即當植栽密度介於55%-65%時,心跳每分鐘降低最多約6下,即生理效益最大化;而整體植栽密度與受測者肌電值反應之間不存在任何線性關係;最後整體植栽密度與受測者注意力恢復之間可能存在一次線性關係,即當整體植栽密度越高時,注意力恢復程度越高。綜上所述,本研究建議,在空間條件允許的情況下,可多種植植栽來提升使用者的生心理效益及注意力恢復效益。
Previous studies have shown that the psychophysiological benefits and attention restoration brought by the natural environments are generally higher than the urban surroundings. Among the various landscape elements contained in the natural environments, scholars have given greater attention to vegetation and water bodies. Nevertheless, which aspect of vegetation that can bring psychophysiological benefits and attention restoration has long been ignored. Consequently, the main purpose of this study is to explore the impact of the overall vegetation density on the psychophysiological benefits and attention restoration.
In this study, we adopted the experimental operation method. Small seminar room in the Department of Landscape Architecture in Tunghai University is used as the experimental lab. Pictures of suburban roads were classified into six photo clips according to overall vegetation density: 0.0-30.0% 30.1-40.0%, 40.1-50.0%, 50.1-60.0%, 60.1-70.0%, 70.1-100%. Each clip contained 10 photos. A total of 60 photos was applied. The total duration of the experiment was about 30 minutes. First, after the subject was connected to the measurement instrument, he took a rest for 3 minutes and then performed the attention fatigue task for 15 minutes. After that, he took the digit span backward test for about 3 minutes, followed by watching one of six photo clips randomly assigned for 6 minutes. Then, perform digit span backward test again for 3 minutes, followed by digit span backward test one more time for 3 minutes. Finally, fill out a perceived restorative potential scale regarding to the photo clip chosen.
The results showed that the attention fatigue tasks used in this study can indeed cause physical fatigue and attention exhaustion. At the same time, when people are in a stressful and tired state, watching photos containing vegetation will help to enhance their physiological benefits. And when the vegetation density was higher than 50.1%, the value of heart rate and EMG decreased significantly, that is the physiological benefits significantly increased. Similarly, the higher vegetation density, the better psychological benefits, including four psychological feelings such as being away, extent, fascination and compatibility. In terms of extent of attention restoration, except for the vegetation density group between 0-30.0%, the other groups reached a significant performance. On the other hand, the results of the dose response curve showed that there may be a quadratic linear III relationship between the overall vegetation density and the heart rate response. That is, when the vegetation density is between 55%-65%, the heart rate per minute reduced by about 6 beats which maximized the physiological benefits. No relationship was existed between overall vegetation density and EMG values. A linear relationship was found between attention restoration and overall vegetation density. The higher the overall vegetation density, the higher the attention restoration. In summary, this study suggests that, whenever possible, vegetation can be used to improve users’ psychophysiological benefits and attention restoration.
中文摘要-------------------------------------------------------------I
英文摘要-------------------------------------------------------------Ⅱ
謝 誌----------------------------------------------------------------Ⅳ
目 錄----------------------------------------------------------------Ⅴ
圖 次----------------------------------------------------------------Ⅵ
表 次----------------------------------------------------------------Ⅶ
第一章 緒論----------------------------------------------------------1
第一節 研究背景與動機------------------------------------------------1
第二節 研究目的------------------------------------------------------3
第三節 研究限制------------------------------------------------------3
第四節 研究變項名詞定義----------------------------------------------3
第二章 文獻回顧------------------------------------------------------5
第一節 植栽密度與郊區道路--------------------------------------------5
第二節 生理指標與生理效益--------------------------------------------9
第三節 心理指標與心理效益-------------------------------------------19
第四節 注意力恢復指標與注意力恢復效益-------------------------------26
第三章 研究設計-----------------------------------------------------30
第一節 研究架構與假設-----------------------------------------------30
第二節 刺激物-------------------------------------------------------30
第三節 受測者-------------------------------------------------------33
第四節 實驗流程設計-------------------------------------------------33
第五節 注意力疲勞任務-----------------------------------------------34
第六節 實驗儀器與變項測量-------------------------------------------36
第七節 資料分析方法-------------------------------------------------40
第四章 研究結果-----------------------------------------------------43
第一節 樣本特性-----------------------------------------------------43
第二節 壓力檢定結果-------------------------------------------------44
第三節 假設檢定結果-------------------------------------------------46
第四節 劑量反應曲線檢定結果-----------------------------------------50
第五章 結論與建議---------------------------------------------------55
第一節 結論---------------------------------------------------------55
第二節 討論---------------------------------------------------------55
第三節 建議---------------------------------------------------------57
參考文獻------------------------------------------------------------59
附錄----------------------------------------------------------------67
附錄一 整體植栽密度之六組完整測試照片-------------------------------67
附錄二 調查問卷-----------------------------------------------------78
中文文獻
1. 张晖明、温娜(2000)。 城市系统的复杂性与城市病的综合治理。 上海经济
研究, (5), 45-49。
2. 王雨晨(2016)。環境背景與景觀設計方式對於景觀偏好與恢復性知覺之影響,
碩士論文,東海大學景觀學系研究所,台中。
3. 曾慈慧(2003)。景觀環境與福祉及復癒關係之硏究 ,博士論文,國立台灣大
學園藝學研究所,台北。
4. 王小璘(1999)。都市公園綠量視覺評估之研究。設計學報, 4(1),61-90。
5. 邱昱淂(2004)。校園植栽環境與國小學童景觀偏好之研究-以台北市士林區為
例,碩士論文,中國文化大學景觀學系研究所,台北。
6. 賴明洲、李叡明(譯)(1993),綠地保全的生態學(原作者:井久手登),淑
馨出版社,34-40。
7. 張俊彥、萬麗玲(2000)。景觀型態對肌電值及注意力恢復能力之研究,造園
學報,7(1),1-22。
8. 謝元入(2014)。台南市都市發展與郊區化之研究-以仁德鄉及永康鄉為例,碩
士論文,中國文化大學地理學系暨研究所,台北。
9. 賴明洲(1996),環保公園綠化手冊,台北市:行政院環保署,2-7。
10. 王秉純等譯(1986)。城市綠地規劃,中國建築工業出版社。
11. 青木陽二(1987)。視野の広がりと緑量感の関連,造園雑誌,51(1),1-10。
12. 洪筱梅(2009)。室內工作環境的植栽綠視率對心理復癒效益之研究,逢甲
大學景觀與遊憩系碩士論文,台中。
13. 王婕曦(2015)。綠視率與植栽類型對都市街道空間步行者心理感知之影響,
中原大學建築研究所學位論文, 1-82。
14. Hello! Green Life!(2015),取自:http://hellogreenlife.blogspot.tw/。
15. 湯幸芬(1995)。住院病人對醫院景觀空間環境體驗之硏究: 以榮民總醫院
為例,碩士論文,國立台灣大學園藝學研究所,台北。
16. 曾慈慧、張俊彥、謝政穎(1997),醫院景觀環境差異對病人生心理反應之
研究,第十屆建築研究成果發表會論文集,573-576。
17. 張俊彥、曾慈慧(2000),醫院景觀環境差異對病人生心理反應之研究-以消
化性潰瘍與膽結石病患為例,中國園藝,46(2),231-246。
18. 張純婉、黃章展(2011),醫療院所內益康花園的恢復性知覺與生心理效益
之研究─以台中榮總為例,第13 屆休閒、遊憩、觀光學術研討會暨國際論壇論
文集,台北。
19. 傅學俞(2013)。益康花園的生心理效益-水景景觀的效果,碩士論文,東海
大學景觀學系研究所,台中。
20. 張俊彥、萬麗玲(2000)。景觀型態對肌電值及注意力恢復能力之研究,造
園景觀學報,7(1) ,1-22。
21. 張俊彥、陳炳錕(2001)。以腦電波探討具恢復力之環境對生心理影響之研
究,興大園藝,26(2),49-61。
22. 張育維、黃遠東(2010),生醫電子,科學發展,451,40-45。
23. 張俊彥、洪佳君(2003),景觀元素與生心理反應之研究,造園學報,9(2),
87-106。
24. 張純婉(2011)。醫療院所內益康花園的恢復性知覺與生心理效益之研究-以
台中榮總為例,碩士論文,東海大學景觀學系研究所,台中。
25. 侯錦雄(1984)。利用攝影媒體表達景觀空間之研究,中國園藝,30(2),
135-147。
26. 曹正(2007)。視覺景觀理論。太倉規劃顧問公司出版。台北。
27. 陳映均、林晏州(2014)。都市街道景觀封閉感之研究,都市與計劃,41(1),
99-115。
28. 聶筱秋、胡中凡、唐筱雯、葉冠伶(譯)(2003)。環境心理學(原作者為
Bell, P. A., Greene, T. C., Fisher, J. D, & Baum, A)。台北市:桂冠圖書股份有限公
司。
29. 王佳煌、潘中道、郭俊賢、黃瑋瑩(2002)。當代社會研究法: 質化與量化途
徑。學富文化事業有限公司。台北市。
30. 黃章展、黃芳銘、周先捷(2008)。環境偏好與環境恢復性知覺關係之研究-
以山景景觀爲例。戶外遊憩研究, 21(1),1-25。
31. 李英弘、梁文嘉(2000)。景觀評估中之心理學模式之研究。造園學報,7(1),
67 -87。
英文文獻
1. World Health Organization (2015).取自
http://www.who.int/topics/urban_health/en/
2. Kaplan, R., & Kaplan, S. (1989). The experience of nature: A psychological
perspective. CUP Archive.
3. Kaplan, R., & Kaplan, S. (1989). The experience of nature: A psychological
perspective. CUP Archive.
4. Grahn, P., & Stigsdotter, U. A. (2003). Landscape planning and stress. Urban
forestry & urban greening, 2(1), 1-18.
5. Velarde, M. D., Fry, G., & Tveit, M. (2007). Health effects of viewing
landscapes–Landscape types in environmental psychology. Urban Forestry &
Urban Greening, 6(4), 199-212.
6. Cohen, S., Miller, G. E., & Rabin, B. S. (2001). Psychological stress and antibody
response to immunization: a critical review of the human literature. Psychosomatic
medicine, 63(1), 7-18.
7. Adevi, A. A., & Mårtensson, F. (2013). Stress rehabilitation through garden
therapy: The garden as a place in the recovery from stress. Urban forestry & urban
greening, 12(2), 230-237.
8. Hansmann, R., Hug, S. M., & Seeland, K. (2007). Restoration and stress relief
through physical activities in forests and parks. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening,
6(4), 213-225.
9. Ulrich, R. S., Simons, R. F., Losito, B. D., Fiorito, E., Miles, M. A., & Zelson, M.
(1991). Stress recovery during exposure to natural and urban environments.
Journal of environmental psychology, 11(3), 201-230.
10.Kaplan, S. (1995). The restorative benefits of nature: Toward an integrative
framework. Journal of environmental psychology, 15(3), 169-182.
11.Sonntag-Öström, E., Nordin, M., Lundell, Y., Dolling, A., Wiklund, U., Karlsson,
M., & Järvholm, L. S. (2014). Restorative effects of visits to urban and forest
environments in patients with exhaustion disorder. Urban forestry & urban
greening, 13(2), 344-354.
12.Prochaska, J. O. (2013). Transtheoretical model of behavior change. In
Encyclopedia of behavioral medicine (pp. 1997-2000). Springer New York.
13.Hartig, T., Mang, M., & Evans, G. W. (1991). Restorative effects of natural
environment experiences. Environment and behavior, 23(1), 3-26.
14.Taylor, J. P., Hardy, J., & Fischbeck, K. H. (2002). Toxic proteins in
neurodegenerative disease. Science, 296(5575), 1991-1995.
15.Fjørtoft, I., & Sageie, J. (2000). The natural environment as a playground for
children: Landscape description and analyses of a natural playscape. Landscape
and urban planning, 48(1), 83-97.
16.Stigsdotter, U. K. (2012). Urban green space and health related quality of life. In
Cheonen International Conference Citizens' Quality of Life (pp. 91-108).
17.Sheets, V. L., & Manzer, C. D. (1991). Affect, cognition, and urban vegetation:
Some effects of adding trees along city streets. Environment and Behavior, 23(3),
285-304.
18.Jiang, B., Chang, C. Y., & Sullivan, W. C. (2014). A dose of nature: Tree cover,
stress reduction, and gender differences. Landscape and Urban Planning, 132,
26-36.
19.Korpela, K. M., Hartig, T., Kaiser, F. G., & Fuhrer, U. (2001). Restorative
experience and self-regulation in favorite places. Environment and behavior, 33(4),
572-589.
20.Staats, H., Gatersleben, B., & Hartig, T. (1997). Change in mood as a function of
environmental design: arousal and pleasure on a simulated forest hike. Journal of
Environmental Psychology, 17(4), 283-300.
21.Bjerke, T., Østdahl, T., Thrane, C., & Strumse, E. (2006). Vegetation density of
urban parks and perceived appropriateness for recreation. Urban Forestry & Urban
Greening, 5(1), 35-44.
22.Jiang, B., Larsen, L., Deal, B., & Sullivan, W. C. (2015). A dose–response curve
describing the relationship between tree cover density and landscape preference.
Landscape and Urban Planning, 139, 16-25.
23.Cox, D. T., Shanahan, D. F., Hudson, H. L., Plummer, K. E., Siriwardena, G. M.,
Fuller, R. A., ... & Gaston, K. J. (2017). Doses of neighborhood nature: The
benefits for mental health of living with nature. BioScience, 67(2), 147-155.
24.Marcus, C. C., & Barnes, M. (1995). Gardens in healthcare facilities: Uses,
therapeutic benefits, and design recommendations. Concord, CA: Center for Health
Design.
25.Tennessen, C. M., & Cimprich, B. (1995). Views to nature: Effects on attention.
Journal of environmental psychology, 15(1), 77-85.
26.Larsen, L., Adams, J., Deal, B., Kweon, B. S., & Tyler, E. (1998). Plants in the
workplace: The effects of plant density on productivity, attitudes, and perceptions.
Environment and Behavior, 30(3), 261-281.
27.Ulrich, R. S. (1993). Biophilia, biophobia, and natural landscapes. The biophilia
hypothesis, 7, 73-137.
28.Heerwagen, J. H. (1990). Affective functioning," light hunger," and room
brightness preferences. Environment and Behavior, 22(5), 608-635.
29.Ulrich, R. S., Lundén, O., & Eltinge, J. L. (1993, October). Effects of exposure to
nature and abstract pictures on patients recovering from heart surgery. In
Thirty-third meeting of the Society of Psychophysiological Research,
Rottach-Egern, Germany.
30.Gatchel, R. J., Baum, A., & Krantz, D. S. (1989). An Introduction to Health
Psychology (2nd ed .). New York: McGraw-Hill.
31.Birk, L. (1973). Psychoanalysis and behavioral analysis: Natural resonance and
complementarity. International Journal of Psychiatry, 11, 160-166.
32.Chang , C. Y., & Chen, P. K. (2005). Human response to window views and indoor
plants in the workplace. HortScience, 40(5), 1354-1359.
33.Chang , C. Y., Hammitt, W. E., Chen, P. K., Machnik, L., & Su, W. C. (2008).
Psychophysiological responses and restorative values of natural environments in
Taiwan. Landscape and Urban Planning, 85(2), 79-84.
34.Kuo, T. B. J., Chen, C. Y., Hsu, Y. C., & Yang, C. C. H. (2012). Performance of the
frequency domain indices with respect to sleep staging. Clinical Neurophysiology,
123(7), 1338-1345.
35.International Organizationof Societies for Electrophysiological Technology
36.Cacioppo, J. T., Tassinary, L. G., & Berntson, G. G. (2000). Handbook of
Psychophysiology. New York: Cambridge University Press.
37.Kuo, T. B. J., Chen, C. Y., Hsu, Y. C., & Yang, C. C. H. (2012). Performance of the
frequency domain indices with respect to sleep staging. Clinical Neurophysiology,
123(7), 1338-1345.
38.Wheeler, J., Woodward, C., Ucovich, R. L., Perry, J., & Walker, J. M. (1985).
Rising from a chair: Influence of age and chair design. Physical Therapy, 65,
22-26.
39.Camras, L. A., Holland, E. A., & Patterson, M. J. (1993). Facial expression. In M.
L. Lewis & J. M. Haviland (eds.), Handbook of Emotions, (pp.199-208). New York:
The Guilford Press.
40.Jäncke, L., Vogt, J., Musial, F., Lutz, K., & Kalveram, K. T. (1996). Facial EMG
responses to auditory stimuli. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 22,
85-96.
41.Cacioppo, J. T., Petty, R. E., & Morris, K. J. (1983). Effects of need for cognition
on message evaluation, recall, and persuasion. Journal of personality and social
psychology, 45(4), 805.
42.Korpela, K. M., Klemettilä, T., & Hietanen, J. K. (2002). Evidence for rapid
affective evaluation of environmental scenes. Environment and Behavior, 34(5),
634-650.
43.Ulrich, R. S. (1981). Natural versus urban scenes: Some psychophysiological
effects. Environment and behavior, 13(5), 523-556.
44.Winton, W. M., Putnam, L. E., & Krauss, R. M. (1984). Facial and autonomic
manifestations of the dimensional structure of emotion. Journal of Experimental
Social Psychology, 20(3), 195-216.
45.Hugdahl, K. (1995). Psychophysiology: The Mind-Body Perspective. Cambridge:
Harvard University Press.
46.Talbott, J. A., Stern, D., Ross, J., & Gillen, C. (1976). Flowering Plants as a
Therapeutic/Environmental Agent in a Psychiatric Hospital.(Research Reports &
Notes). Hort. Science, 11, 365-366.
47.Heerwagen, J. H. (1990). Affective functioning," light hunger," and room
brightness preferences. Environment and Behavior, 22(5), 608-635.
48.Ulrich, R. S., Lundén, O., & Eltinge, J. L. (1993, October). Effects of exposure to
nature and abstract pictures on patients recovering from heart surgery. In
Thirty-third meeting of the Society of Psychophysiological Research,
Rottach-Egern, Germany.
49.Hartig, T., Mang, M., & Evans, G. W. (1991). Restorative effects of natural
environment experiences. Environment and behavior, 23(1), 3-26.
50.Parsons, R., Tassinary, L. G., Ulrich, R. S., Hebl, M. R., & Grossman-Alexander,
M. (1998). The view from the road: Implications for stress recovery and
immunization. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 18, 113-139.
51.Hartig, T., Evans, G. W., Jamner, L. D., Davis, D. S., & Gärling, T. (2003).
Tracking restoration in natural and urban field settings. Journal of environmental
psychology, 23(2), 109-123.
52.Velarde, M. D., Fry, G., & Tveit, M. (2007). Health effects of viewing
landscapes–Landscape types in environmental psychology. Urban Forestry &
Urban Greening, 6(4), 199-212.
53.Pilotti, M., Klein, E., Golem, D., Piepenbrink, E., & Kaplan, K. (2015). Is viewing
a nature video after work restorative? Effects on blood pressure, task performance,
and long-term memory. Environment and Behavior, 47(9), 947-969.
54.Honeyman, M. K. (1992). Vegetation and stress: a comparison study of varying
amounts of vegetation in countryside and urban scenes. The role of horticulture in
human well-being and social development, 143-145.
55.Tsunetsugu, Y., Park, B. J., Ishii, H., Hirano, H., Kagawa, T., & Miyazaki, Y.
(2007). Physiological effects of Shinrin-yoku (taking in the atmosphere of the
forest) in an old-growth broadleaf forest in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. Journal of
physiological anthropology, 26(2), 135-142.
56.Gidlow, C. J., Jones, M. V., Hurst, G., Masterson, D., Clark-Carter, D., Tarvainen,
M. P., ... & Nieuwenhuijsen, M. (2016). Where to put your best foot forward:
Psycho-physiological responses to walking in natural and urban environments.
Journal of Environmental Psychology, 45, 22-29.
57.Chiang, Y. C., Li, D., & Jane, H. A. (2017). Wild or tended nature? The effects of
landscape location and vegetation density on physiological and psychological
responses. Landscape and Urban Planning, 167, 72-83.
58.James, W. (1892). Text-book of Psychology. Macmillan.
59.Kaplan, S., Bardwell, L. V., & Slakter, D. B. (1993). The restorative experience as
a museum benefit. Journal of Museum Education, 18(3), 15-18.
60.Herzog, T. R., Black, A. M., Fountaine, K. A., & Knotts, D. J. (1997). Reflection
and attentional recovery as distinctive benefits of restorative environments. Journal
of environmental psychology, 17(2), 165-170.
61.Hartig, T., Böök, A., Garvill, J., Olsson, T., & Gärling, T. (1996). Environmental
influences on psychological restoration. Scandinavian journal of psychology, 37(4),
378-393.
62.Hartig, T., Korpela, K., Evans, G. W., & Gärling, T. (1997). A measure of
restorative quality in environments. Scandinavian housing and planning research,
14(4), 175-194.
63.Zube, E. H., Pitt, D. G., & Anderson, T. W. (1975). Perception and prediction of
scenic resource values of the Northeast. Landscape Assessment: Values,
Perceptions, & Resources. EH Zube, RO Brush & JG Fabos, eds.
64.Shuttleworth, S. (1980). The use of photographs as an environment presentation
medium in landscape studies. Journal of Environmental Management, 11(1), 61-76.
65.Stamps III, A. E. (1990). Use of photographs to simulate environments: A
meta-analysis. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 71(3), 907-913.
66.Zube, E. H., Pitt, D. G., & Anderson, T. W. (1975). Perception and prediction of
scenic resource values of the Northeast. Landscape Assessment: Values,
Perceptions, & Resources. EH Zube, RO Brush & JG Fabos, eds.
67.Ivarsson, C. T., & Hagerhall, C. M. (2008). The perceived restorativeness of
gardens–Assessing the restorativeness of a mixed built and natural scene type.
Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 7(2), 107-118.
68.Bringslimark, T., Hartig, T., & Patil, G. G. (2009). The psychological benefits of
indoor plants: A critical review of the experimental literature. Journal of
Environmental Psychology, 29(4), 422-433.
69.Laumann, K., Gärling, T., & Stormark, K. M. (2003). Selective attention and heart
rate responses to natural and urban environments. Journal of environmental
psychology, 23(2), 125-134.
70.Herzog, T. R., Maguire, P., & Nebel, M. B. (2003). Assessing the restorative
components of environments. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 23(2),
159-170.
71.Chang, C. Y., Hammitt, W. E., Chen, P. K., Machnik, L., & Su, W. C. (2008).
Psychophysiological responses and restorative values of natural environments in
Taiwan. Landscape and urban planning, 85(2), 79-84.
72.Wang, X., Rodiek, S., Wu, C., Chen, Y., & Li, Y. (2016). Stress recovery and
restorative effects of viewing different urban park scenes in Shanghai, China.
Urban forestry & urban greening, 15, 112-122.
73.Ohly, H., White, M. P., Wheeler, B. W., Bethel, A., Ukoumunne, O. C., Nikolaou,
V., & Garside, R. (2016). Attention Restoration Theory: A systematic review of the
attention restoration potential of exposure to natural environments. Journal of
Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 19(7), 305-343.
74.Kuo, F. E., & Sullivan, W. C. (2001). Environment and crime in the inner city:
Does vegetation reduce crime?. Environment and behavior, 33(3), 343-367.
75.Tennessen, C. M., & Cimprich, B. (1995). Views to nature: Effects on attention.
Journal of environmental psychology, 15(1), 77-85.
76.Dickerson, S. S., & Kemeny, M. E. (2004). Acute stressors and cortisol responses:
a theoretical integration and synthesis of laboratory research. Psychological
bulletin, 130(3), 355.
77.Gotts, Z. M., Ellis, J. G., Deary, V., Barclay, N., & Newton, J. L. (2015). The
association between daytime napping and cognitive functioning in chronic fatigue
syndrome. PloS one, 10(1), e0117136.
78.Charoenkitkarn, V., Kasemkitwattana, S., Therrien, B., Thosingha, O., &
Vorapongsathorn, T. (2009). Cognitive performance after a transient ischemic
attack: Attention, working memory, and learning and memory. Pacific Rim
International Journal of Nursing Research, 13(3), 199-215.
79.Van den Berg, A. E., Jorgensen, A., & Wilson, E. R. (2014). Evaluating restoration
in urban green spaces: Does setting type make a difference?. Landscape and Urban
Planning, 127, 173-181.
80.Raanaas, R. K., Evensen, K. H., Rich, D., Sjøstrøm, G., & Patil, G. (2011).
Benefits of indoor plants on attention capacity in an office setting. Journal of
Environmental Psychology, 31(1), 99-105.
81.Patil, G. G., Evensen, K. H., Raanaas, R. K., Hagerhall, C. M., & Johansson, M.
(2013). Restorative Elements at the Computer Workstation: A Comparison.
QRCODE
 
 
 
 
 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top