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研究生:郭庭如
研究生(外文):Ting-Ju Kuo
論文名稱:以漸進式難度之烹飪任務改善高齡者認知功能
論文名稱(外文):Employing Progressively More Difficult Cooking Task for Cognitive Function Improvement Among Older Adults
指導教授:陳文印陳文印引用關係黃子坤黃子坤引用關係
指導教授(外文):Wen-Yin ChenT. K. Philip Hwang
口試委員:陳文印黃子坤丑宛茹
口試日期:2018-06-29
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立臺北科技大學
系所名稱:工業設計系創新設計碩士班
學門:設計學門
學類:綜合設計學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2018
畢業學年度:106
語文別:中文
論文頁數:106
中文關鍵詞:前瞻記憶烹飪活動大腦結構可塑性認知退化
外文關鍵詞:prospective memorycooking taskbrain structural plasticitycognitive decline
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認知障礙(cognitive disorders)使高齡者失去生活自主能力,也為社會帶來龐大醫療支出與負擔;對於高齡者的生活品質而言,認知功能下降被認為比功能障礙或疼痛更具威脅性。現有研究證實,成年人的大腦經由學習誘發可塑性(plasticity),能促使神經細胞再生。大腦結構可塑性(structural plasticity)又稱突觸可塑性,透過對神經元重複的刺激,可強化突觸之溝通,進而達到學習、記憶與發展神經迴路的效果。本研究透過大腦結構可塑性,刺激腦部灰質內之神經細胞再生,以達到預防認知功能之退化。分析現有預防認知退化之方式後,發現與生活最為貼近之烹飪活動接受度最高;且烹飪能訓練高齡者前瞻記憶(prospective memory)運作,會使用到於老化中衰退最明顯的兩個能力-工作記憶與注意力之切換。本研究假設於12週內透過漸進式難度添加新刺激於日常烹飪活動中,能改善高齡者工作記憶運作與注意力切換能力。實驗設計包括漸進式難度食譜,且搭配注意力干擾之分心任務,並觀察其影響。研究成果包括:(1) 漸進式難度烹飪任務能改善高齡者認知處理速度與執行功能,包括注意力(attention)、運動控制(motor control)、認知彈性(cognitive flexibility)與心智設置轉換。(2) 高齡者之烹飪任務表現有進步趨勢且隨著難度層級提升績效。(3) 分心任務之介入對於基礎認知功能有較多改善,對於高階認知功能改善較少。(4) 廚房動線之規劃或提供明顯的視覺線索有助於改善烹飪任務之錯誤率。
Cognitive disorders do not only make older adults loss their independent abilities but also cause enormous medical expenditures for society. Cognitive function decline is a more threatening factor than functional limitations and pain to quality of life in older adults. The existed research indicated that learning-induced cortical plasticity can motivate neural regeneration. The brain plasticity also known as synaptic plasticity, in which repeated stimulation of neurons leads to strengthen the synaptic efficiency. The study applies the brain structural plasticity theory to motivate the gray-matters in brain cortical in order to prevent cognitive decline. After analyzing existing prevention methods, we found that cooking activity gains the highest acceptance in the daily lives of older adults. Cooking task relies on prospective memory function in which active attention and working memory are essential functions, and unfortunately, are most affected by age. This study conducted a 12- weeks daily cooking program with progressively more difficult cooking tasks. It is expected that performing progressively more difficult cooking tasks could improve working memory and attention shifting among older adults. The experiment includes progressively more difficult recipe and distraction which may interfere attention. The results indicate that (1) progressively more difficult cooking tasks could improve cognitive processing (attention and motor control) and executive function (cognitive flexibility and complete complex activities) among older adults. (2) Cooking performance were progressing along with progressively more difficult level among older adults. (3) The interference from distraction contributed a positive effect on basic cognitive function rather than high-level cognitive function. (4) The kitchens circulation patterns and salient visual cueing contribute to the decline of error rate in cooking tasks.
摘 要 i
ABSTRACT ii
誌 謝 iv
目 錄 v
表目錄 viii
圖目錄 ix
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.1.1 高齡化與生活型態改變 1
1.1.2 認知退化帶來之影響 1
1.1.3 高齡者自主生活之意識 2
1.2 研究目的 3
1.3 研究範圍與限制 4
1.4 研究流程與架構 5
第二章 文獻探討 6
2.1 正常老化與認知退化 6
2.1.1 注意力之退化 7
2.1.2 記憶力之退化 8
2.2 一般老化健忘與失智症 9
2.3 認知退化相關疾病 11
2.3.1 認知類障礙症 11
2.3.2 輕度認知功能障礙 13
2.4 多工能力與認知退化 14
2.4.1 多工能力 14
2.4.2 多工能力與老化 17
2.4.3 多工能力之訓練 18
2.4.4 多工能力與表現 20
2.5 前瞻記憶與認知退化 22
2.5.1 前瞻記憶 22
2.5.2 前瞻記憶與老化 24
2.5.3 前瞻記憶之訓練 25
2.6 預防認知退化 27
2.6.1 大腦可塑性 27
2.6.2 刺激認知功能有助於預防認知退化 31
2.6.3 大腦訓練 34
2.7 烹飪與認知功能 35
2.8 任務切換之認知成本 38
2.9 小結 41
第三章 研究方法 42
3.1 文獻分析法 42
3.2 參與式觀察法 43
3.3 認知測試— 路徑描繪測驗 44
3.4 實驗流程與架構 47
3.5 實驗任務設計 49
3.5.1 食譜任務規劃 50
3.6 實驗觀察 58
第四章 實驗結果與分析 61
4.1 第二組受測者之分心任務與烹飪任務表現 61
4.2 第一組與第二組受測者之烹飪表現差異 64
4.3 烹飪任務之流程與廚房動線分析 67
4.4 路徑描繪測驗結果分析 74
第五章 結論與建議 77
5.1 結論 77
5.1.1 漸進式難度烹飪任務能改善高齡者認知功能 78
5.1.2 烹飪任務表現有進步趨勢且隨著難度層級提升績效 80
5.1.3 分心任務之介入對於基礎認知功能有較多改善 81
5.1.4 廚房動線規劃或提供視覺線索能改善烹飪任務之錯誤率 83
5.2 後續研究建議 85
參考文獻 86
附錄 98
附錄一 烹飪任務之漸進式難度食譜設計 98
附錄二 烹飪任務之錯誤記錄表單 101
附錄三 烹飪任務中完整廚房動線圖 103
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