臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究旨在探討優秀選手與一般選手間，最大肌力對划幅、划頻等技術策略之影響。以優秀組 (男性及女性各5名，年齡19.50±.53歲，身高168.17±6.30公分，體重62.90±13.48公斤，訓練10.70±2.98年) 和一般組 (男性及女性各5名，年齡15.70±.82歲，身高166.86±6.15公分，體重58.90±6.95公斤，訓練4.90±2.68年) 游泳選手共20名受試者，配戴GARMIN手錶蒐集捷泳50公尺緩游 (最大划幅)、50公尺衝刺 (最大划頻)、200公尺 (每50公尺的配速策略) 等三次測驗之平均划頻次數、划幅距離及時間等數據，及進行陸上Biodex System3等速肌力儀測量選手肩關節的最大肌力。本研究以ANOVA分析檢測200公尺過程划幅划頻配速策略對成績的影響，顯著水準值訂為α=.05。檢視優秀組與一般組的差異，結果如下:兩組的身體組成 (身高,優:168.17±6.30,一般:166.86±6.15, p=.64;體重,優: 62.90±13.48,一般: 58.90±6.95, p=.24)、肌力(w)(60°/s屈曲優:14.61±5.25,一般: 13.66±6.09, p=.81;伸展,優: 45.10±41.26,一般: 31.20±9.72, p=.11；180°/s屈曲優: 15.18±7.15, 一般: 14.05±9.22, p=.29;伸展優: 54.72±23.90,一般: 37.09±26.24, p=.67)、扭力(Nm)(60°/s屈曲優: 22.11±9.12,一般: 21.75±10.55, p=.95;伸展,優: 42.12±19.08,一般: 40.34±11.48, p=.22；180°/s屈曲優: 25.85±26.98, 一般: 15.03±9.50, p=.15;伸展優: 38.26±15.11,一般: 30.32±16.64, p=.91)、50公尺測驗時間(秒) (緩,優:45.80±3.55,一般: 47.90±4.53, p=.21;衝,優: 45.74±3.54,一般: 47.90±4.52, p=.10) 及速度(公尺/秒) (緩,優: 1.10±.08,一般: 1.05±.10 p=.22;衝,優: 1.09±.08,一般: 1.05±.09, p=.11)皆未達顯著差異 (p>.05)唯獨在划幅、划頻上達顯著差異 (p< .05)，而在200公尺捷泳也僅在分段時間及划頻總數達顯著差異 (p< .05)，顯示優秀組的划頻次數較少划幅距離較長，划水效率較高，說明在200公尺分段配速優秀組能以較少頻且穩定的配速模式完成比賽，也說明了較好的划水效率對運動表現有正面的影響。

Swimming competition is a competitive activity, therefore, combine instrument-assisted training and improved crawl skill, which can improve the efficiency of stroke, and make the players' progress more and more excellent and achieve excellent sports performance. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the influence of maximum muscle strength on technical strategies such as stroke and frequency between elite players and general players. Methods: 20 subjects volunteered to participated in this study, elite (5 male ,5 female: 19.50±.53age, 168.17±6.30cm, 62.90±13.48kg, 10.70±2.98years), general (5male ,5female: 15.70±.82age, 166.86±6.15cm, 58.90±6.95kg, 4.90±2.68years), GARMIN Forerunner® 935 was used to collect the front crawl stroke 50M slow swim (minimal stroke), 50M sprint (maximal stroke), 200M (50M segment pace strategy),total including three tests, average stroke number, stroke rate, number of turns, average time per turn, and carry out the Biodex System3 was used to measure the maxim muscle strength of the shoulder joint of the player at an angular velocity of 60°/s and 180°/s, the maximal value was collected for this study . This study uses descriptive statistics: ANOVA was used to examine the effect of the stroke frequency and stroke length on the 200M strategy, and the significant level is set to α=.05. Results: Through the data, the body composition (height p=.64, weight p=.24), power(w) ( 60°/s flexion p=.81, extension p=.11; 180°/s flexion p=.29, extension p=.67),torque(Nm)(60°/s flexion, p=.95; extension, p=.22；180°/s flexion, p=.15; extension, p=.91)50M time(s) (slow: p=.21, fast: p=.10) and speed(m/s) (slow: p=.22, fast: p=.11) of the two groups were not significantly different (p>.05), but the frequency and length was significantly different (p< .05), while the 200-meter section only showed significant differences in the time of the segmentation and total frequency. Conclusion: The frequency of the elite players is less, the stroke distance is longer, and the water stroke efficiency is higher. This indicates that the elite players in the 200-meter section can complete the competition in a less frequent and stable speed- pacing strategy, which also shows that it is better. Stroke efficiency has a positive impact on sport performance.

目錄
簽名
授權書 i
中文摘要 ii
英文摘要 iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 ix
附錄 x
第壹章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景 1
第二節 研究目的 2
第三節 研究假設 2
第四節 研究範圍與限制 2
第五節 操作性定義 3
第貳章 文獻探討 6
第一節 划幅、划頻對游泳推進力的影響 6
第二節 肌力對推進力的影響 7
第三節 配速策略 8
第四節 身體特徵對推進力之影響 12
第五節 文獻總結 13
第參章 研究方法 14
第一節 研究架構 14
第二節 研究流程 14
第三節 研究對象 18
第四節 研究工具 18
第五節 研究步驟 25
第六節 資料處理 32
第肆章 結果與討論 33
第一節 優秀選手與一般選手體型差異之分析 33
第二節 優秀選手與一般選手50公尺緩游、50公尺衝刺划頻比較 38
第三節 200公尺分段配速比較 41
第四節 綜合體能技術策略評價優秀與一般選手200公尺捷泳運動表現 49
第伍章 結論與建議 52
第一節、結論 52
第二節、建議 53
參考文獻 54
一、中文部分 54
二、英文部分 56

圖目錄
圖 1-5- 1直臂式划手 3
圖 1-5- 2划水週期 4
圖 3-1- 1 研究架構圖 14
圖 3-2- 1準備階段 14
圖 3-2- 2準備階段 15
圖 3-2- 3準備階段 16
圖 3-2- 4實驗流程圖 17
圖 3-4- 1 X-SCAN PLUS II身體組成分析儀 19
圖 3-4- 2 BIODEX ISOKINETIC DYNAMOMETER SYSTEM3 20
圖 3-4- 3 BIODEX ISOKINETIC DYNAMOMETER SYSTEM 3設定 22
圖 3-4- 4 GARMIN腕式心率全方位鐵人運動錶 23
圖 3-4- 5 GARMIN FORERUNNER® 935手錶操作步驟 24
圖 3-5- 1手掌長寬及手臂長測量 25
圖 3-5- 2肩關節彎曲測量 26
圖 3-5- 3 肩關節過度伸展測量 26
圖 3-5- 4配戴手錶示意圖 27
圖 3-5- 5測驗全程採用直臂式划水姿勢 28
圖 3-5- 6儀器重量及位置校正 28
圖 3-5- 7 等速肌力儀器測量角度範圍 29
圖 3-5- 8固定受測者座椅綁帶及關節部位 30
圖 3-5- 9動力計軸心對準運動部位的軸心 31

表目錄
表3-3- 1 受測者基本資料統計表 18
表4-1- 1身體組成獨立樣本比較分析 34
表4-1- 2等速肌力獨立樣本比較分析 36
表4-1- 3扭力獨立樣本比較分析 38
表4-2- 1兩組 50公尺緩游比較分析 39
表4-2- 2 兩組50公尺衝刺比較分析 41
表4-3- 1兩組200公尺分段時間統計表 43
表4-3- 2 200公尺分組分段時間ANOVA分析摘要表 44
表4-3- 3 200公尺分段時間單變量檢定 44
表4-3- 4 兩組分段時間成對比較 45
表4-3- 5兩組划頻次數統計表 47
表4-3- 6 兩組划頻ANOVA分析摘要表 48
表4-3- 7分組划頻趨勢分析 48
表4-3- 8兩組划頻分段成對比較 48
表4-3- 9兩組划頻分段事後比較 49

附錄
附錄 1 實驗研究參與同意書 62
附錄 2 基本資料表 64

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