臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

全拖車在運輸業中是屬於高負載的交通工具，聯結裝置之結構安全不容忽視，如何設計出符合規範之拖曳樑(Drawbeams)即成為重要課題。因此本文目的為探討拖曳樑結構在承受變動負載下的力學行為，透過實驗及有限元素分析進行力學探究。首先，利用有限元素法分析工具，設計符合規範的拖曳樑結構模型；其次，對設計完成之拖曳樑進行動態疲勞試驗；最後，使用磁力滲透法 檢測試驗期間，拖曳樑有無破裂現象。實驗結果證明本文設計的拖曳樑，整體結構強度佳，其使用壽命超出200萬次的疲勞設計規範，符合安全使用之設計。為進一步了解拖曳樑整體受力變形狀況，因此，同時以有限元素法分析，計算混拖曳樑在承受變動負載下之受力變形，並與實驗數據做比對，藉以修改設計進而改善；同時也應用有限元素結構分析加以驗證改善設計後之有效性。本研究透過上述之實驗與分析步驟，其短程效益為可有效找出目前拖曳樑在結構強度不足之癥結點，進而解決此結構之問題。遠程效益則是建立起研究分析之能量，可應用於其他類似特殊產品設計，將結構輕量化及避免設計不良所造成之重工改修費用，並縮短新產品開發時程，降低成本及確保產品安全之有效性，達到雙贏之目的。

The Full trailer is attributable to high-load transportation in transport, and the structure safety of coupling devices is not neglectable. Therefore, how to design the drawbeam which conforms to the stipulation became an important topic. With fatigue analysis of the finite elements in this paper, simulating the dynamic test according to the specifications and implementing appropriate stress cycle on the material, the external structure design and reinforcement method of the trailer drawbeams should be intact without rupture or breakage, using Magnetic permeability method of destructive test or equivalent measurement to determine the failure of the draw beams during the test to ensure the structure conforms to the specification and safe. To further understand the overall deformation of the drawbeam, using finite element analysis to calculate the deformation of the drawbeam bearing fluctuated loads and compared with the experimental data to improve the design, verifying the effectiveness of improvement with finite element structural analysis at the same time. With above-mentioned experiment and analysis, the short-term benefit is to solve structural problems with effectively identifying the weakness of current structure, the long-term benefits are to build up the capacity of research and analysis to apply the design to similar special product or sorts, reducing the weight of structure to lower the cost, shortening the timeline of development, and preventing defective design from rework.

摘　　要 i
Abstract ii
誌　　謝 iv
目　　錄 v
表目錄 vii
圖目錄 viii
符號說明 x
第一章　緒論 1
1.1　前言 1
1.2　研究動機 1
1.3　文獻回顧 2
第二章　機械連結裝置 4
2.1　機械連結裝置-拖曳樑概述 4
2.2　機械連結裝置-拖曳樑交通法規管理制度說明 5
2.1.1　機械連結裝置使用符號定義 5
2.2.2　機械連結裝置測試規定 6
2.2.3　機械連結裝置測試程序 7
第三章 理論基礎 8
3.1　彈性力學之理論 8
3.1.1 等向性材料之彈性力學理論 8
3.1.2 應變與位移關係式(Strain and Displacement Relation 9
3.1.3 應力與應變關係式(Stress and Strain Relation) 11
3.2　有限元素分析法之基本理論 12
3.3　安全係數F.S 14
3.4　疲勞壽命分析之理論 15
3.5　非破壞性檢測(NDT) 17
3.5.1　磁粉探傷(Magnetic Particle Test) 18
第四章　電腦輔助分析及流程 22
4.1　Solidworks simulation軟體簡介 22
4.2　分析流程 25
第五章　拖曳樑模擬分析結果 27
5.1　特性值之設定 27
5.2　拖曳樑初始設計 27
5.2.1 拖曳樑初始設計之動態分析 33
5.3　拖曳樑補強設計 35
5.3.1　拖曳樑補強設計之動態分析 37
5.4　試驗設計結果 40
第六章　新拖曳樑設計與分析 50
6.1　新拖曳樑設計依據 50
6.2　新拖曳樑設計之分析 53
6.2.1　新拖曳樑設計之動態分析 55
6.3　新拖曳樑內補強設計動態之分析 57
6.4　新拖曳樑外補強設計動態之分析 61
第七章　結論 65
參考文獻 67
簡 歷 69

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