臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文研究的靈感則是針對筆記型電腦的架構上去改善能源消耗的問題。若是能在設計上進一步的考量，在某種程度上也有效改善功率消耗減少不必要的能源損失，則對筆記型電腦而言會間接帶來電池續航力的改變，藉由降低功耗來間接延長本身的電池續航力是值得去探討研究。
由於高峰時段的電費較高，第2章我們提出了新的設計，以自動方式將充電時段轉移到非高峰時段。 另外，該設計為電池設定了上限，從而保護電池並防止電池保持在高溫和高電壓的連續狀態。 該設計使用低功耗嵌入式控制器（EC）和模糊邏輯控制器（FLC）控制方法作為主要控制技術以及RTC IC。 EC的感測值和參數的設定用於控制AC / DC模組的轉換。 該使用者界面設計允許用戶不僅設置峰值/非峰值時段而且還設置電池的上限使用限制。
在第3章，我們在筆記型電腦裡加入BIOS與低功率嵌入式控制器（EC），以實現動態調整並且維持筆記型電腦在電池模式的效能水準。為了延長電池模式下的操作時間，通常筆記型電腦將直接降低CPU頻率然後降低其效能。我們的設計可以通過同時使用EC和BIOS來實現CPU和GPU頻率的動態控制，將系統效能保持在足夠高的水準，在高解析的遊戲中獲得效能和系統功耗的平衡效果。相比之下，為了保持一定的筆記型電腦效能，就電池壽命而言，有必要進行一些取捨。
在第4章中，我們提出改進的設計使用了一個模糊邏輯控制器（FLC），它使用了光感測器，另外還有一個嵌入式控制器（EC）來感應環境亮度並自動調整移動式電腦的背光亮度等級，讓使用者的眼睛在任何不同的環境亮度下都會感到舒適。此外，其他的應用程序模組同時在後台模式下執行，以補償方式使用FLC控制會導致輕微對比度降低和LCD面板的顏色變化。在電腦系統中利用光感測器，可以感測任何環境的亮度，我們也提供FLC方法來做自動調節背光亮度的設計。通過將光感測器連接到低功率嵌入式控制器(EC)，該設計通過光感測器和FLC的輸入亮度值來做測量環境亮度，並與EC一起調節背光亮度，並藉由輸出值發送相對應的輸出值環境亮度，範圍從25％到90％。總而言之，這種設計降低了移動計算機的LCD面板的功耗而不降低顯示品質。
在第5章中，我們設計了EC控制功能，以動態調整USB Type-C裝置的輸出電流。該設計方法已應用於智慧型手機的充電控制功能。因此，本文提出的設計方法具有降低筆記本電腦的設計成本並用EC取代舊有硬體電路的優點。新增了動態電流限制控制，允許智慧型手機以不同的方式充電，充電電流的高或低，取決於USB Type-C裝置的功耗。

This dissertation proposes both the software and the hardware module designs which when used together, can reduce the power consumption of the notebook computer architecture. In addition, the reduction of the power consumption will extend the battery life of various notebook computers.
As the electricity rates during peak hours are higher, in Chapter 2, we propose a design for an ultrabook to automatically shift the charging period to an off-peak period. In addition, this design sets an upper limit for the battery which thus protects the battery and prevents it from remaining in a continued state of both high temperature and high voltage. This design uses both a low-power embedded controller (EC) and the fuzzy logic controller (FLC) control method as the main control techniques together with real time clock (RTC) ICs. Both the sensing value of the EC and the presetting of parameters are used to control the conversion of the AC/DC module. This user interface design allows the user to set not only the peak/off-peak period but also the upper use limit of the battery.
In Chapter 3, we use a low power embedded controller (EC) in cooperation with the BIOS of a notebook (NB) computer, not only to accomplish dynamic adjustment but also to maintain a required performance level of the battery mode of the notebook. In order to extend the operation time at the battery mode, in general, the notebook computer first will directly reduce the clock rate and then reduce the performance. This design can obtain the necessary balance not only of the performance but also of the power consumption by using both the EC and the BIOS cooperatively to implement the dynamic control of both the CPU and the GPU frequency to maintain the system performance at a sufficient level for a high speed and high resolution video game. In contrast, in order to maintain a certain notebook performance, in terms of battery life it will be necessary to make some trade-offs.
In Chapter 4, we propose this improved design which uses a combination of a fuzzy logic controller (FLC), two light sensors and an embedded controller (EC) to sense the environmental brightness and automatically adjust the backlight brightness level of a mobile computer in order that the user's eyes will be comfortable under any different environmental brightness. In addition, an extra application program module simultaneously executes in the background mode to compensate for both the slight contrast reduction and the color variation of the LCD panel which is a result of the use of the FLC method. A common operating system accesses the light sensor which can both sense any environmental brightness and also provide the FLC method to automatically adjust the backlight brightness. By connecting the light sensor to a low power embedded controller, this design measures both the environmental brightness by means of the light sensor and the input brightness value to the FLC and adjusts the backlight brightness together with the EC and sends out the output value based on the environmental brightness, which varies from 25 % to 90 %. Overall, this design reduces the power consumption of the LCD panel of a mobile computer without degrading the display quality.
In Chapter 5, we design the EC control function to dynamically adjust the output current of the USB Type-C device. This design method has been applied to the charging control function of the smartphones. We consider this design method as one that can be both compatible and reusable. Therefore, the design method proposed in this paper has the advantage of reducing the design cost of the notebook computer and replacing the previous hardware circuit by the EC. A new dynamic current limiting control is added to allow the smartphone to be charged in different ways depending on the power consumption of the USB Type-C device. This function is not possible with the previous hardware circuits.

Contents
中文摘要 III
ABSTRACT V
誌謝 VIII
CONTENTS IX
LIST OF TABLES XII
LIST OF FIGURES XIV
COMMONLY USED ACRONYMS XIX
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 MOTIVATION 1
1.2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2
1.2.1 ACPI Power Management and Firmware chip 2
1.2.2 Fuzzy Logic Controller Design 5
1.2.3 Related Works 10
1.3 CHAPTER STRUCTURE 11
CHAPTER 2. AN AUTOMATICALLY PEAK-SHIFT CONTROL DESIGN FOR CHARGING AND DISCHARGING OF THE BATTERY IN AN ULTRABOOK….. 13
2.1 INTRODUCTION 13
2.2 SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE DESIGN 16
2.2.1 Design the software module and hardware module 16
2.2.2 The Peak-Shift Control Method 17
2.2.3 The Fuzzy Logic Control Rules 19
2.2.4 AC/DC Power Supply Control 21
2.3 IMPLEMENTATION RESULTS AND EXERIMENT MEASUREMENTS 22
2.3.1 AC Power Consumption and Battery Capacity Measurement of Peak-Shift Control Method 22
2.3.2 Environmental Temperature Measurements 24
2.3.3 Measurement Results of Battery Capacity Charging and Discharging.… 27
2.3.4 Comparisons Design and User interface 29
2.4 SUMMARY 33
CHAPTER 3. DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE ADJUSTMENT OF CPU AND GPU IN A GAMING NOTEBOOK AT THE BATTERY MODE 35
3.1 INTRODUCTION 35
3.2 DESIGN OF A GAMING NOTEBOOK 39
3.2.1 Hardware and Software Design 39
3.3 DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION 43
3.3.1 Balanced design of CPU and GPU 45
3.3.2 Main modules design 48
3.3.3 Discharge “C” number 50
3.4 EXPERIMENT AND MEASUREMENT RESULTS 52
3.4.1 Specifications for Gaming Notebooks 52
3.4.2 Measurement of Our Design 53
3.4.3 Comparision of Our Design 62
3.5 SUMMARY 70
CHAPTER 4. USING FUZZY LOGIC AND A LIGHT-SENSOR TO REDUCE THE POWER CONSUMPTION OF THE LCD PANEL OF A MOBILE COMPUTER. 72
4.1 INTRODUCTION 72
4.2 SOFTWARE DESIGN 75
4.2.1 Main Modules design 77
4.2.2 Fuzzy Logic Controller Design 79
4.2.3 Application Interface 82
4.3 EXPERIMENT AND MEASUREMENT RESULTS 83
4.3.1 Specifications and Environment for Experiment 83
4.3.2 Experiment for Different Light Sources 86
4.4 SUMMARY 90
CHAPTER 5. FIRMWARE MODULE DESIGN FOR LOW POWER EC AND BIOS TO CONTROL USB TYPE-C MODULE AND TO REDUCE NOTEBOOK POWER CONSUMPTION 91
5.1 INTRODUCTION 91
5.2 HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE DESIGN OF A NOTEBOOK 94
5.3 EXPERIMENT RESULTS 102
5.4 SUMMARY 110
CHAPTER 6. CONCLUSIONS 111
6.1 FUTURE WORK 112
REFERENCE 114
APPENDIX 122

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