臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

機械產業的發展，除了傳統的製造與產業設備，逐漸發展成更精密、更自動化的製造技術與更高階的產業設備，而現階段的機械自動化及資訊即時分析也逐漸取代傳統機械設備，為生產帶來了極大的轉變，也提升對光電、半導體等的需求。於精密機械產業製程中，其中相關製程如組裝、噴漆…等，皆會使用揮發性有機污染物（Volatile Organic Compounds, VOCs），而VOCs對人體造血機能危害極大，是誘發再生障礙性貧血和白血病的主要原因，亦會影響女性生殖能力，導致胎兒先天性缺陷。
本研究參考勞動部勞動及職業安全衛生研究所之分析方法進行採樣分析，依現場勞工作業環境、時間頻率進行作業環境採樣，藉由活性碳管吸附VOCs，爾後使用二硫化碳將其脫附成液態，並由GC/MS進行物質濃度之分析，利用分析結果評估揮發性有機物暴露濃度。分析物質包含乙醇、戊烷、異丙醇、正己烷、丁酮、丁醇、苯、正庚烷、甲苯、乙苯、對二甲苯、間二甲苯、鄰二甲苯，共13種物質。
研究結果顯示A廠區域VOCs總暴露量最大為油品區，其次為組裝區(C)>清洗區>鏟花區>組裝區(B)>行政區，廠內個人採樣則以清洗區暴露濃度為最大，其次為鏟花區>組裝區C；而B廠區域採樣暴露量最大為噴漆區，其次為4F切削區>4F組裝區>原料區>車床區>警衛室，而廠區個人採樣則以勞工作業的噴漆區為主要分析區域。
A廠區的區域採樣及個人採樣中以正庚烷濃度最高，濃度分別為油品區5.319 ppm及清洗區8.202 ppm，而B廠區的區域採樣及個人採樣中以噴漆區之甲苯濃度為最高，濃度分別為48.779 ppm及70.179 ppm，兩廠之分析結果均無超過八小時日時量平均濃度，B廠噴漆作業環境甲苯暴露濃度並未超出PEL-TWA，但長期暴露之下現場勞工應確實配戴個人防護具，藉此降低健康危害風險，維護自身健康。

With the development of machinery industry, in addition to traditional
manufacturing and industrial equipment, more precise and automated manufacturing technology and more advanced industrial equipment are gradually being developed. Furthermore, at this stage, mechanical automation and real-time information analysis are also gradually replacing the traditional mechanical equipment, which is greatly changing production and increasing demands for photoelectric products and semiconductors. In the process of precision machinery industry, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are used in relevant processes such as assembly and paint spraying. Being greatly harmful to the hematopoietic function of human body, VOCs are the main cause inducing aplastic anemia and leukemia and also affect female reproductive ability, so as to lead to fetal congenital defects.
In this study, the sampling analysis was conducted by reference to the analysis method of the Institute of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health, the operating environment sampling was carried out according to the on-site labor environment and the temporal frequency. VOCs were adsorbed with active carbon tubes, and then the samples were desorbed to a liquid with the use of carbon disulfide. After that, the substance concentrations were analyzed with GC/MS, so as to estimate the exposure concentrations of volatile organic compounds. The analytes totally include 13 substances such as ethyl alcohol, pentane, isopropyl alcohol, n-hexane, 2-butanone, 1-butanol, benzene, n-heptane, toluene, ethylbenzene, p-xylene, m-xylene and o-xylene.
The study results show that, in Plant A, the oil area has the maximum total exposure of VOCs, followed by assembly area (C)> cleaning area > scarping area > assembly area (B)> administrative area. In the plant, the personal sampling of the cleaning area has the maximum exposure concentration, followed by scarping area > assembly area C. In Plant B, the paint spraying area has the maximum sampling exposure, followed by cutting area on 4F > assembly area on 4F > raw material area > lathe area > guard room, and for personal sampling, the paint spraying area where workers carried on operations was the main one to be analyzed.
The concentration of n-heptane is the highest in the area sampling and the personal sampling of Plant A, respectively 5.319 ppm in the oil area and 8.202 ppm in the cleaning area. In area sampling and personal sampling of Plant B, the concentration of toluene is the highest in the paint spraying area, respectively 48.779 ppm and 70.179 ppm. The analysis results of the two plants show that the eight-hour daily average concentrations are not exceeded. The exposure concentration of toluene does not exceed PEL-TWA in the paint spraying environment of Plant B, but under long-term exposure, the workers on site shall wear personal protective equipment to reduce the risks of health hazards and maintain health.

致謝 I
摘要 II
ABSTRACT IV
目錄 VI
表目錄 X
圖目錄 XII
第一章　前言 1
1-1　研究背景 1
1-2　研究目的 2
第二章　文獻回顧 3
2-1　揮發性有機物之概述 3
2-1-1揮發性有機物之定義 3
2-1-2揮發性有機物之來源 3
2-1-3揮發性有機物之特性 4
2-1-4 VOCs之危害 6
2-1-5 BTEX之健康危害敘述 7
2-2　去漬油種類介紹 9
2-2-1 一般去漬油 9
2-2-2 環保去漬油 10
2-3　VOCS採樣及分析方法比較 10
2-4　精密機械製造業常用之化合物 13
2-5　VOCS國內外法規標準 15
第三章　研究方法 17
3-1　研究流程 20
3-2　廠內相關資料 22
3-3　研究設備與材料 23
3-4　採樣方法 24
3-5　分析方法 27
3-5-1 樣本前處理 27
3-5-2 儀器原理介紹 29
3-5-3儀器分析設備 29
3-5-4 儀器分析條件 31
3-6　QUALITY CONTROL 33
3-6-1 採樣設備 33
3-6-2檢量線備製 33
3-6-3空白分析(Blank Test) 38
3-6-4 方法偵測極限（Method Detection Limit，MDL） 39
3-6-5 重複分析(CV%) 39
3-6-6 查核分析(Re%) 39
3-6-7 脫附效率分析 39
第四章　結果與討論 41
4-1 廠內作業環境 41
4-2 勞工作業環境 47
4-3 個人與作業環境監測暴露濃度之結果 49
4-4 廠內樣本定性分析 67
4-5 作業環境採樣之日時量平均濃度分析 70
4-5-1 A廠個人採樣測定結果 70
4-5-2 B廠個人採樣測定結果 75
4-5-3 A廠區域採樣測定結果 78
4-5-4 B廠區域採樣測定結果 81
4-4-4 短時間平均暴露濃度 85
4-6　濃度判定結果 87
4-7　廠內環測結果 90
4-8　本研究結果與其他國內外之職業暴露文獻比較 95
第五章　結論與建議 99
5-1結論 99
5-2建議 100
參考文獻 102

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