臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

實習是一種協助學生認知未來工作與職場的一個重要過程，在過程中，學生在學校所學轉換職場上所需要的技能，並籍著與職場及工作內容的接觸，瞭解與所學相關之產業、公司與工作內容，評核其將來是否留在該產業，或著是透過實習，評估其未來就業時留在願公司的意願。本研究之主要目的為探討師徒功能與組織支持透過實習制度與心理契約對實習生留任意願之影響，並進一步探討師徒功能、組織支持與心理契約對於實習制度及實習成效的影響。本研究採用質性研究方式，將蒐集之文件資料彙整、歸納並進行分析。
經實證研究分析顯示：在探討師徒功能、組織支持與心理契約對實習制度以及實習成效會產生何種正面或負面的影響外，本研究提出企業改善的實習制度的建議，使實習制度的設計更加完善。而良好的實習制度在實習生身上實踐，以顯示出師父與組織對該實習生的支持與重視，並從企業與實習生的角度出發，對於實習成效產生短期或長期的影響，最後綜述師徒功能、組織支持與心理契約對於實習制度、與實習成效的正負面效益，也是本研究中的重要議題。

Internship is an important process to help students know their future work and workplace. In the process, students learn the skills what they should be need to change careers in the school, and they are in contact with the workplace and work content. we They learn and know all promlem in Industry, company and job content, assess whether they will stay in the industry in the future, or assess their willingness to stay in the company through internships. The main purpose of study is to explore the influence of the mentoring function and organizational support on the interns' intentions through the internship system and psychological contract, and further explore the influence of mentoring function, organizational support and psychological contract on the internship system and the internship effectiveness. This study uses qualitative research methods to collect, summarize and analyze the gathered data.
The empirical research shows: Investigating the positive or negative impact of mentoring function, organizational support and psychological contract on the internship system and internship effectiveness, this research can help to improve of the internship system of the enterprise, which makes the design of the internship system more perfect. And a good internship system is practiced on interns, show that Master and the organization support and value the interns. And from the perspective of the Enterprise and interns, Short-term or long-term impact on internship effectiveness, Finally, it is also an important topic in this learn to summarize the positive and negative effects of mentoring function, organizational support and psychological contract on the internship system and the effectiveness of the internship.

摘要 i
ABSTRACT ii
誌謝 iv
目錄 v
表目錄 ix
圖目錄 x
1. 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機 3
1.3 研究目的 4
1.4 研究問題 5
1.5 研究流程 5
2. 文獻探討 7
2.1 實習制度 7
2.1.1 實習的定義 7
2.1.2 實習的教育基礎和哲學基礎 8
2.1.3 實習制度之功能 8
2.1.4 實習制度之效益 9
2.1.5 實習模型 10
2.2 實習成效之意涵 16
2.2.1 實習成效內涵 16
2.2.2 實習成效評估 17
2.2.3 影響實習成效的因素 19
2.2.4 校外實習成效評估項目 20
2.3 師徒關係相關理論 20
2.3.1 師徒關係的定義 20
2.3.2 師徒關係之探討 21
2.3.3 師徒關係的功能 23
2.3.4 師徒功能與結果 27
2.4 留任意願相關研究 31
2.4.1 留任意願的意義 31
2.4.2 員工保留的重要性 31
2.4.3 留任意願的理論基礎 32
2.4.4 影響學生留任意願的因素 33
2.4.5 師徒功能與留任意願的關係 37
2.5 實習滿意度 38
2.5.1 滿意度之意義 38
2.5.2 實習滿意度之定義 38
2.5.3 影響實習生實習滿意度的因素 39
2.6 知覺組織支持 47
2.6.1 知覺組織支持定義 47
2.6.2 知覺組織支持之衡量 49
2.6.3 影響知覺組織支持之因素 49
2.6.4 知覺組織支持之結果 50
2.7 心理契約 51
2.7.1 心理契約的定義 51
2.7.2 心理契約的類型 51
2.7.3 心理契約的功能 52
2.7.4 心理契約違背 53
2.8 各變項間之相關性 54
2.8.1 實習制度對實習成效之影響 54
2.8.2 組織支持和師徒功能對心理契約的影響 56
2.8.3 各變項對與實習成效四構面的影響 57
2.8.4 理論缺口 60
3. 研究方法 61
3.1 觀念性思考邏輯 61
3.2 研究方法 63
3.2.1 質化研究方法 63
3.2.2 個案研究法 64
3.2.3 訪談法的定義 67
3.3 研究對象 68
3.4 分析架構與資料分析 70
3.4.1 實習制度 70
3.4.2 師徒功能 70
3.4.3 組織支持 71
3.4.4 心理契約 71
3.4.5 留任意願 71
3.4.6 滿意度 72
3.4.7 職能 72
3.4.8 績效 72
3.5 資料蒐集 72
4. 研究結果 74
4.1 個案公司在人才招募所遇到的困境 74
4.2 實習機制會帶來何種實習成效 75
4.2.1 實習機制如何對於實習成效產生實質助益 77
4.2.2 透過師徒功能與實習制度如何為企業帶來優勢 84
4.2.3 師徒功能的活化如何讓師徒關係更具彈性 86
4.3 知覺組織支持對實習制度的影響 90
4.3.1 公司挺師父與師父挺學生的實習制度 90
4.3.2 知覺組織支持與社會心理功能 91
4.3.3 知覺組織支持與職涯展功能 92
4.3.4 知覺組織支持與角色模範功能 93
4.4 心理契約對實習制度的影響 93
4.4.1 心理契約內容與結構 94
4.4.2 實習企業心理契約履行狀況 94
4.4.3 實習生心理契約履行狀況 98
4.4.4 實習生職能養成 101
4.4.5 實習生工作績效 102
4.4.6 實習生滿意度 103
4.4.7 實習生留任意願: 103
4.5 各構面對實習成效的效益與影響 104
4.5.1 好的實習制度讓公司有口皆碑 105
4.5.2 心理契約要說到做到 106
4.5.3 達成實習成效公司與實習生共同築夢 110
5. 討論 115
5.1 理論貢獻 115
5.1.1. 從企業與實習生角度來看實習成效 115
5.1.2. 實習制度對實習成效影響構面 117
5.1.3. 師徒功能、組織支持與心理契約的影響 117
5.2 實務啟發 119
6. 結論 124
6.1 研究限制 126
6.1.1 推論至其他產業的限制 126
6.1.2 訪談對象的限制 126
6.1.3 研究時間的限制 126
6.1.4 其他方面的限制 127
6.2 未來建議 127
6.2.1 推論至其他產業 127
6.2.2 訪談對象的配對 127
6.2.3 突破研究時間的限制 128
6.2.4 其他方面的限制 128
參考文獻 129
附錄一: 訪談主管逐字稿 151
附錄二: 訪談實習生逐字稿 164

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