臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究再利用焚化底渣合成具六角結構之MCM-41，並分別以三種硝酸鹽金屬(硝酸銀、硝酸銅及硝酸亞錳)改質Original-MCM-41為5%Ag-MCM-41、5%Cu-MCM-41及5%Mn-MCM-41與三種胺劑(四乙烯戊胺、五乙烯六胺及鄰-胺基-2-甲基-1-丙醇)改質Original-MCM-41為5%TEPA-MCM-41、5%PEHA-MCM-41及5%AMP-MCM-41，探討上述吸附劑於室溫環境下對於25 ppm甲苯與1 ppm甲醛兩種常見室內污染物之吸附效益。並輔以BET、SEM、TEM、XRD、ESCA、FTIR、EA、TGA進行各材料之物化特性分析，探究改質劑對材料物化分析之影響及其如何影響吸附效能。吸附實驗先以Original-MCM-41於500、750及1000 sccm三種氣體進流量及0.5 、1及1.5 g三種吸附劑克數進行25 ppm甲苯吸附，接著以最佳之吸附條件進行各改質材料對甲苯及甲醛去除效率探討及探討甲苯、甲醛兩種污染物之競爭吸附影響。從各項物化分析結果中可得知，底渣合成之Original-MCM-41之比表面積為908 m2/g、孔洞體積為0.84 cm3/g及孔洞大小為3.7 nm；而物化結果也證實本實驗已成功將金屬及胺基改質劑擔載於材料上。由Original-MCM-41吸附甲苯實驗結果得知，以氣體進流量為750 sccm、吸附劑克重為1.5 g時，具有最高之飽和吸附量8.13 mg/g；另外於飽和吸附曲線圖觀察到，此條件下具較低質傳阻力影響。但經金屬與胺基改質之各吸附劑，於此吸附條件下並未明顯提升對甲苯之吸附效能。另經胺基改質Original-MCM-41具有提升甲醛吸附之效果，且以5%PEHA-MCM-41有最高之飽和吸附量0.34 mg/g。於競爭吸附試驗得知，甲苯及甲醛飽和吸附量分別為11.65 mg/g及1.21 mg/g，且甲醛於1505 min仍持續進行吸附反應，此結果證實焚化底渣合成之資源化MCM-41於室溫環境下具同時吸附甲苯及甲醛兩種常見室內污染物之潛力。

In this study, we reuse the incinerator bottom ashes to make the hexagonal synthesis, MCM-41. And we use three nitrates (silver nitrate, copper nitrate and manganous nitrate) to transform the original-MCM-41 into 5% Ag- MCM-41, 5% Cu-MCM-41 and 5% Mn-MCM-41 and three different amines (tetraethylenepentamine, pentaethylenehexamine and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol) to transform the Original-MCM-41 into 5% TEPA- MCM-41, 5% PEHA-MCM-41 and 5% AMP-MCM-41. We are going to see the performance of above-mentioned absorbents for absorbing two commonly observable indoor contaminants: 25ppm of toluene and 1ppm of formaldehyde in room temperature. In addition, the BET, SEM, TEM, XRD, ESCA, FTIR, EA and TGA are used to analyze physicochemical properties of each material and to study the influence of modifiers on physicochemical properties as well as how it affects the absorbing performance. In the absorption experiment, three different air flows, including 500, 750 and 1000 sccm, are accompanied with Original-MCM-41 and three 0.5, 1 and 1.5g of absorbent, to see the absorbing performance of toluene 25ppm. Through the usage of the best absorbing conditions, we will discuss the removal efficiency of toluene and formaldehyde on each modified material and also analyze the competitive adsorption effect of these two contaminants: toluene and formaldehyde. From the result of each physicochemical analysis, we know that the details of synthesis of incinerator bottom ashes, Original-MCM-41: surface area 908 m2/g, pore volume 0.84 cm3/g and pore size 3.7 nm. The physicochemical results also show that this experiment has successfully carried the metals and amino modifiers on materials. According to the result of Original-MCM-41 toluene absorption experiment, when the air flow is 750 sccm with 1.5g of absorbent, the highest adsorption capacity is: 8.13 mg/g. In addition, from the graph of adsorption capacity, we notice that mass transfer resistance is pretty low in this condition. However, each absorbent of metals and amino modifiers doesn’t elevate obviously the performance of absorbing toluene. The Original-MCM-41 transformed by amines does elevate the performance of absorbing formaldehyde: with the highest adsorption capacity 0.34 mg/g for 5%PEHA-MCM-41. After the competitive adsorption experiment, we know that the adsorption capacity of toluene and formaldehyde is 11.65 mg/g and 1.21 mg/g, respectively. The absorption reaction of formaldehyde is still working at 1,500 min. This result shows that the synthetic resource of incinerator bottom ashes, MCM-41, has the potential to absorb both common indoor contaminants, toluene and formaldehyde, in room temperature.

目錄
明志科技大學碩(博)士學位論文指導教授推薦書 i
明志科技大學碩(博)士學位論文口試委員審定書 ii
誌謝 iii
摘要 iv
Abstract v
目錄 vii
圖目錄 x
表目錄 xii
第一章 前言 1
1.1 研究緣起 1
1.2 研究目的 2
1.3 研究架構 4
第二章 文獻回顧 5
2.1 室內空氣品質介紹 5
2.1.1 室內空氣品質重要性及定義 5
2.1.2 室內空氣污染物常見之來源 5
2.1.3 室內污染物的特性及危害 6
2.1.4 相關之環保法規 9
2.2 VOCs定義及特性 10
2.2.1 甲苯特性及危害 11
2.2.2 甲醛之特性及危害 11
2.3 焚化底渣之特性 13
2.3.1 焚化底渣之物化性質 13
2.3.2焚化底渣資源化應用 14
2.4中孔材料 15
2.4.1中孔材料形成機制 15
2.4.2中孔材料種類及特性 17
2.5 VOCs 去除之相關文獻 20
第三章 實驗設備與方法 36
3.1 利用底渣合成中孔分子篩MCM-41 36
3.2 實驗設備及藥品 37
3.3 實驗試程 40
3.3.1實驗流程 40
3.3.2 硝酸鹽金屬改質中孔分子篩MCM-41 41
3.3.3 胺基官能基改質中孔分子篩MCM-41 41
3.3.4 MCM-41吸附甲苯及甲醛之實驗 41
3.4 中孔分子篩之物化特性分析 47
3.4.1 比表面積分析儀(Micromeritics ASAP 2020) 47
3.4.2 場發射掃描式電子顯微鏡與EDS分析(Hitachi Tabletop TM-3000) 48
3.4.3 穿透式電子顯微鏡(JEOL-JEM2100 High Resolution STEM) 49
3.4.4 X光粉末繞射分析儀(Bruker D8) 50
3.4.5 化學分析電子能譜儀(ULVAC-PHI PHI 5000 Versaprobe II) 51
3.4.6傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜(PerkinElmer Spectrum One FT-IR Spectrometer) 51
3.4.7 元素分析儀(Elementar vario EL CUBE) 51
3.4.8 熱重分析儀(PerkinElmer STA 6000 simultaneous TGA-DSC) 53
第四章 結果與討論 54
4.1 中孔材料之物化特性分析 54
4.1.1比表面積分析結果 54
4.1.2 SEM結果 60
4.1.3 TEM結果 62
4.1.4 XRD結果 64
4.1.5 ESCA結果 71
4.1.6 FTIR結果 74
4.1.7元素分析結果 75
4.1.8 TGA結果 77
4.2甲苯吸附實驗 81
4.2.1 吸附劑克數及氣體進流量之結果 81
4.2.2 不同甲苯濃度之結果 83
4.2.3金屬改質及胺基改質之結果 84
4.3甲醛吸附實驗 89
4.4 甲苯及甲醛競爭吸附實驗 90
第五章 結論與建議 92
5.1 結論 92
5.2 建議 93
參考文獻 94

圖目錄
圖1- 1 研究架構圖 4
圖2- 1 中孔材合成法 A：自組裝合成法 B：液態晶體模板合成法 16
圖2- 2中孔材合成法：硬板合成法 16
圖2- 3 多孔分子篩之晶格群示意圖 18
圖2- 4 M41S系列結構示意圖 19
圖3- 1 焚化底渣合成中孔分子篩實驗流程圖 36
圖3- 2 固定床反應器串聯GC-FID系統 37
圖3- 3 固定床反應器串聯吸收液系統及HPLC分析 38
圖3- 4 實驗流程圖 40
圖3- 5 飽和吸附曲線圖 43
圖3- 6 晶體產生X射線繞射幾何圖 50
圖4- 1 MCM-41之孔徑分佈圖 57
圖4- 2 MCM-41之吸脫附曲線圖 60
圖4- 3 MCM-41之SEM分析結果 62
圖4- 4 MCM-41之TEM分析結果 63
圖4- 5 MCM-41之XRD分析結果 69
圖4- 6 金屬改質 MCM-41之XRD金屬相鑑定分析結果 71
圖4- 7 金屬改質 MCM-41之XPS分析圖譜 74
圖4- 8 MCM-41之FTIR分析結果 75
圖4- 9 MCM-41之TGA分析結果 80
圖4- 10 MCM-41之DTG分析結果 81
圖4- 11 不同氣體進流量及不同吸附劑克重之飽和吸附曲線 82
圖4- 12 Original-MCM-41及純Si-MCM-41之甲苯飽和吸附曲線 83
圖4- 13 不同甲苯濃度之飽和吸附曲線 84
圖4- 14 不同金屬改質之飽和吸附曲線 85
圖4- 15 不同胺基改質之飽和吸附曲線 86
圖4- 16 各吸附劑之甲醛飽和吸附曲線 90
圖4- 17 甲苯及甲醛之飽和競爭吸附曲線 91
 
表目錄
表2- 1 室內空氣汙染物常見來源 6
表2- 2 台灣室內空氣污染物標準 9
表2- 3 1989年WHO之揮發性有機化合物定義 10
表2- 4 甲苯不同濃度對人體之危害表 11
表2- 5 甲醛對人體危害資料表 12
表2- 6 底渣資源利用分級表 14
表2- 7 IUPAC多孔材料定義 17
表2- 8 常見之中孔分子篩系列 17
表2- 9 VOCs去除之相關文獻表(續1) 27
表2- 10 VOCs去除之相關文獻表(續2) 28
表2- 11 VOCs去除之相關文獻表(續3) 29
表2- 12 VOCs去除之相關文獻表(續4) 30
表2- 13 VOCs去除之相關文獻表(續5) 31
表2- 14 VOCs去除之相關文獻表(續6) 32
表2- 15 VOCs去除之相關文獻表(續7) 33
表2- 16 VOCs去除之相關文獻表(續8) 34
表2- 17 VOCs去除之相關文獻表(續9) 35
表3- 1 實驗藥品及氣體整理表 39
表3- 2 甲苯吸附實驗試程表 45
表3- 3甲醛吸附試程表 46
表4- 1 Original-MCM-41及改質MCM-41之BET結果 54
表4- 2 胺基改質Original-MCM-41之EA元素分析表 76
表4- 3 各吸附劑對甲苯之飽和吸附量表 87
表4- 4 各吸附劑對甲醛之飽和吸附量表 90

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