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Jiahshih Township, customarily known as Nahuy in Tayal language, is the largest mountain Indigenous township in Hsinchu County. Tayal people have been living in their traditional territory customarily and sustainably. Transforming from traditional slash-and-burn agriculture to cash crop cultivation, Indigenous Tayal people’s living space have been restrained substantially. Their traditional territory has been taken over by the State and causing conflict between the State and Indigenous Tayal people. Through adopting the lens of environmental history and political ecology, this thesis investigates how the State mechanism affects local development and people-environment relations. Political ecology has multifaceted approaches. This thesis analyzes how the State mechanism affects natural resource managements. Tayal people in Jianshih Township started to grow mushroom from the 1960s. From Tayal people’s perspectives, they were utilizing natural resource in their traditional territory; from the Forest Bureau’s perspectives, Tayal people were illegal logger. Standing at a Tayal-centric viewpoint, this thesis aims to record this rarely know history through in-depth fieldwork.
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