臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

傳統上專案排程大多仰賴規劃人員本身經驗，並利用排程軟體進行作業，然而此種作業方式，多著重於作業的順序，缺乏與成本項目相結合，造成施工作業內容與工程成本項目無法整合，亦使專案在執行過程中之各項控制指標無法確切反映出專案的狀狀況，進而無法進行有效的專案管理。為改善此情況，近來已有不少研究提出時間及成本整合之專案排程研究，然而這些研究所提出之做法大多因作業的繁瑣而不易實踐於真實的工程專案。
為改善上述專案排程方法之缺失，本研究結合知識本體論(Ontology)及BIM於工程專案排程作業以提升效率及品質。本研究從解析專案排程規劃與控制之資訊需求著手，利用Ontology架構，根據營建公司之成本項目、時程控制之資訊需求解析BIM元件與工項間的關係，產生BIM建模規則及建立工項施作規則，並建構BIM模型或分析已建構之BIM模型是否滿足排程之需求，再自動擷取出BIM模型資訊，並以施工分包工項為依據建構以施工區域方式結合時間之排程(Location-Based Schedule)。此外，以此架構建構之BIM模型及資料，將可新增外部相關資訊，進而提供未來各項分析及預測之用。

In current practice, an experienced project scheduler can employ the project scheduling software to efficiently develop the construction schedule by considering the activities. However, the costs related to the activities are usually roughly allocated according to detailed work items from the work packages. Such a schedule development approach commonly results in inefficient project management due to the poor integration of the project time and cost. Recently, many studies have shown promising results in integration of the project time and cost by taking advantages of the information retrieved from the Building Information Modeling (BIM). Nevertheless, retrieving information from the BIM could be time consuming and inefficient if the BIM is not properly developed according to the uses and needs. Ontology has been recognized to effectively define the information required for different uses, which can be really helpful in developing the BIM model.
This study combines ontology and BIM to efficiently improve the quality of developing the time-cost integrated construction schedule. First, through an in-depth analysis of the required information for planning and controlling the time and cost of the construction project is performed to establish the relationships between the work items and the associated BIM elements. Then, an ontology model is developed according to the result of the above analysis to define the specifications of BIM development. In addition, the BIM model of the construction project is built to fulfill the uses of scheduling subcontractors in terms of working areas. Furthermore, an algorithm is created to employ the information obtained from the BIM model to automatically generate the time-cost integrated and location-based schedule. With the proposed approach, the project management can be significantly improved by the time– cost– location integrated schedule generated.

摘要 i
Abstract ii
誌謝 v
目錄 vi
表目錄 ix
圖目錄 xi
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 研究目的 3
1.3 研究範圍 4
1.4 研究流程 5
1.5 論文架構 8
第二章 問題陳述及文獻回顧 9
2.1 研究問題陳述 9
2.2 工程專案時程管理 11
2.2.1 專案時間與成本之整合 11
2.2.2 專案區域規劃 13
2.2.3 資訊標準化的發展 15
2.3 建築資訊模型 Building Information Modeling(BIM) 17
2.3.1 BIM發展現況 17
2.3.2 BIM應用於排程規劃之發展與瓶頸 18
2.4 本體論 21
2.4.1 本體論概念 21
2.4.2 結合本體論與建築資訊模型 25
2.5 小結 27
第三章 研究方法 28
3.1 IDEF0分析法 28
3.2 Ontology簡介 30
3.2.1 知識本體編輯器-Protégé 30
3.2.2 SWRL規則介紹 30
3.3 BIM建模軟體 31
3.4 Dynamo簡介 32
第四章 應用建築資訊模型與知識本體論自動建構與成本整合之分包工作區域排程 34
4.1 自動化排程系統功能分析 34
4.2 解析工作區域之分包工項排程規劃需求 37
4.2.1 解析分包與時程工項語意資訊 37
4.2.2 需求資訊分析 39
4.2.3 建築模型項目資訊需求分析 44
4.3 建構符合連結成本工項之BIM建模規則本體模型 51
4.3.1 類別建立 53
4.3.2 屬性建立 56
4.3.3 實例建立 58
4.3.4 SWRL語言規則建立 63
4.3.5 發展符合時程規劃需求之BIM建模規則 70
4.4 建構符合需求之建築資訊模型 72
4.5 開發自動建構與成本整合之分包工作區域排程系統 73
4.5.1 自動化擷取時程工項所需之BIM資訊 73
4.5.2 制式化之時程資訊快速輸入與選擇 76
4.5.3 輸出功能 76
4.6 小結 77
第五章 案例驗證 78
5.1 案例介紹 78
5.2 應用建築資訊模型與知識本體論自動建構與成本整合之分包工作區域排程 79
5.2.1 依照建模規則建構整合成本分包工作區域之建築資訊模型 79
5.2.2 自動獲取以工作區域為基礎之BIM模型元件資訊 81
5.2.3 使用者時程資訊快速輸入與選擇 86
5.2.4 產出時程規劃成果 87
5.2.5 差異化分析 90
5.3 小結 93
第六章 結論與建議 94
6.1 結論 94
6.2 未來研究方向 95
參考文獻 97
附錄A 時程規劃成果 101

英文文獻
[1].Cole, L.J.R., Construction Scheduling: Principles, Practices, and Six Case Studies, J. Constr. Eng. Manage., ASCE, 117(4), pp.579-588., 1991
[2].Draft Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 183 (FIPS PUBS), 1993
http://www.idef.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/idef0.pdf
[3].Deng, M.Z.M., and Hung, Y.F., Integrated Cost and Schedule Control: Hong Kong Perspective. Project Management Journal, 29(4), 43-49, 1998
[4].Eastman, C., Teicholz, P., Sac.,and Liston,K., BIM Handbook : A Guide to Building Information Modeling for Owners, Managers, Designers,Engineers and Contractors , 2011
[5].Feng, C.W., and Chen, Y.J., Using MD CAD Objects to Automatically Generate a Contract-Driven Schedule, Proceedings of the 23rd International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction, Tokyo, Japan, October 3-5, 740-745, 2006
[6].Gao.J and Fischer.M, Experiences with 3D and 4D CAD on Building Construction Projects: Benefits, 2005
[7].Gruber, T. R., “Ontology, 2008
[8].Gruber, T. R., “Toward Principles for the Design of Ontologies Used for Knowledge Sharing, Human- Computer Studies, 1993
[9].Hyunjoo Kim, Kyle Anderson, SangHyun Lee, John Hildreth, “Generating Construction Schedules through Automatic Data Extraction Using Open BIM (Building Information Modeling) Technology, Automation in Construction, 35, 2013
[10].Jongeling, R., and Olofsson, T., A method for planning of work-flow by combined use of location-based scheduling and 4D CAD, Automation in Construction, 16, 189-198, 2007
[11].Jung, Y., and Gibson, G.E., Planning for Computer Integrated Construction, Journal of Computering in Civil Engineering, 217-225, 1999
[12].Koo, B., Formalizing Construction Sequence Constraints for the Rapid Generation of Scheduling Alternatives, CIFE Technical Report, No155, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 2004
[13].Lee S. K., Kim K.R.and Yu J.H. BIM and Ontology- Based Approach for Building Cost Estimation, Automation in Construction, 41 96-105, 2014
[14].McGraw Hill Construction, The Business Value of BIM for Construction in Major Global Markets: How Contractors Around the World are Driving Innvation with Building Information Modeling, 2014
[15].Mehmet Fuat Hergunsel, Benefits of Building Information Modeling for Construction Managers and BIM Based Scheduling, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 2011
[16].Noy, N.F. “Ontology development 101: a guide to creating your first ontology, 2001
[17].OmniClass Development Committee, OmniClass: Introduction and User’s Guide, US: OCCS Development Committee, 2006
[18].RF Deckro, JE Hebert, WA Verdini, Project Scheduling with Work Packages, Omega, Volume 20, Issue 2, 1992
[19].Rodney A. Stewart and Sherif Mohamed, Evaluating the Value IT Adds to the Process of Project Information Management in Construction, Automation in Construction, 12(4), 407-417, 2003
[20].Rose, Kenneth H. 2013. “A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge(PMBOK® Guide)—Fifth Edition. 44: e1-e1.
[21].Shabtai Isaac, Mauro Curreli, Yaniv Stoliar, Work packaging with BIM, Automation in Construction, Volume 83, 2017
[22].Sherif Ali Mohtady Mohamed and Rodney A. Stewart, An Empirical Investigation of Users' Perceptions of Web-Based Communication on a Construction Project, Automation in Construction, 12(1):43-53, 2003
[23].T. A. El-Diraby C. Lima and B. Feis, Domain Taxonomy for Construction Concepts: Toward a Formal Ontology for Construction Knowledge, Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering 19, 2005
[24].Tanyer, A. M. ＆ Aouad, G., Moving Beyond the Fourth Dimension with IFC-Based Single Project Database, Automation in Construction, 14(1), 15-32, 2005
[25].US General Services Administration,4D Plasing,GSA BIMGuide Series 04, 2009
www.gsa.gov/bim
[26].Wang H.J, 4D Dynamic Management for Construction Planning and Resource Utilization, Automation in Construction Volume 13, Issue 5, 2004
[27].Wang,H.H., and Boukamp, F.,, Ontology-Based Representation and Reasoning Framework for Supporting Job Hazard Analysis, Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, 25(6), 442-456, 2011
[28].Zhang, S.,F. Boukamp and J. Teizer, Ontology-Based Semantic Modeling of Safety Management Knowledge, Automation in Construction 52: 29-41, 2015
 
中文文獻
[1].丁冠博，「應用Ontology/ Protégé/ SWRL 於建築資訊模型上進行推論」，國立中央大學，碩士論文，2013。
[2].尤榮裕，「營造廠分包管理之研究」，國立中山大學，碩士論文，2010。
[3].余信毅，「應用知識本體模型與BIM促進產生分包商計價與會計帳所需資訊」，國立成功大學，碩士論文，2017。
[4].林子涵，「應用Ontology與BIM於室內裝修工程排程管理」，國立成功大學，碩士論文，2016。
[5].林明成，「室內裝修材料施工作業實務」，詹氏書局，2006
[6].李鎧帆，「以BIM模型為基礎之專案排程項次分析」，國立中央大學，碩士論文，2014。
[7].陳怡兆，「專案資訊整合模型之建構與專案管理資訊系統之應用」，博士論文，成功大學土木工程系，2009。
[8].許祥德，「監工驗收全能百科王：華人世界第一本裝潢監工實務大全，不懂工程也能一次上手」，麥浩斯出版社，2014
[9].郭榮欽，「BIM風起雲湧 借鏡他山之石，營建知訊」，367期，67-74頁，2014。
[10].黃政家，「應用專案資訊模型於重複性排程模式之研究」，碩士論文，成功大學土木工程系，2006。
[11].馮重偉、陳怡兆、黃俊儒，「應用專案多維度模型建構以合約項目為基礎之自動化排程模式」，營建管理季刊，2007。
[12].謝尚賢、陳美迪，「以BIM促進台灣營建產業升級」，中國工程師學會 工程雙月刊，第85卷，05期， 59-63頁，2014。