臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究利用鈷錯合物作為氧化還原對，藉由調控不同高分子組成來製備灌注式與印刷式擬固態電解質，並應用於染料敏化太陽能電池(DSSC)。首先，灌注式電解質的製備是以不同比例的聚偏二氟乙烯-三氯乙烯(PVDF-HFP)與聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)共混來作為膠化劑。實驗結果顯示，與液態電解質相比，膠態電解質之使用會顯著降低元件於太陽光照射下的轉換效率；然而，在室內螢光燈(照度200 lux)照射下，當PVDF-HFP/PMMA之比例為9/1時，膠態元件可達到比液態元件更佳的光電轉換效率20.60%。由FTIR結果得知，在高分子共混系統中，PVDF-HFP與PMMA兩分子間的氫鍵可使電解質混合更加均勻，有利於電荷於電解質中的傳輸。另外，膠態元件於常溫下經過1000小時後仍可維持100%之初使效率，呈現出良好的穩定性。進一步將此灌注式電解質用於組裝可雙面照光之DSSC，當室內光分別由光電極(正向)與對電極(背向)入射至元件時，光電轉換效率可分別達到19.29%與16.89%。
在印刷式電解質的探討上，本研究主要以聚乙二醇(PEO)作為增稠劑來調控電解質的黏度。結果顯示，在加入9 wt.% PEO之後，電解質可呈現適合印刷製程之流變行為；此外，相較於其它PEO添加量，在9 wt.%時，相關元件可量測到最大的電荷再結合阻力，因此可在室內光環境中達到最佳的光電轉換效率20.47%，此元件於常溫中亦呈現極佳的穩定性。進一步將此印刷式電解質應用至可雙面照光之DSSC，於正向與背向照光下，光電轉換效率可分別達到17.22%與14.25%。

In this study, quasi-solid state electrolytes containing cobalt complex redox couples were prepared by adding polymers. There were two kinds of quasi-solid state electrolytes, One was injection gel electrolyte and the other was printable gel electrolyte. In injection gel electrolytes, added PVDF-HFP and PMMA simultaneously into electrolytes and adjusted the ratio of PVDF-HFP/PMMA. In the result, comparing with liquid electrolyte, the gel electrolyte would decrease the power conversion efficiency (PCE) significantly under standard 1 sun irradiation (100 mW/cm2). However, the PCE of gel device could achieve 20.6% when the PVDF-HFP/PMMA ratio was 9/1 under 200-lux fluorescent lighting, which was higher than liquid device. According to the FTIR results, in the polymer blending system, the hydrogen bond between PVDF-HFP and PMMA could make the electrolyte be mixed well, thereby improving the charge transfer. In addition, the stability of gel devices could maintain almost 100% of their initial value for 1000 hours at room temperature. Furthermore, DSSCs for bifacial applications were assembled and investigated in this study. In the fluorescent lighting environment, the PCE of bifacial DSSC with 4 layers TiO2 under front-side and back-side illumination were 19.29% and 16.89%, respectively.
In printable gel electrolytes, added PEO as viscous agent into the electrolyte to regulate the viscosity of electrolyte. The results show that the electrolyte exhibited rheological behavior suitable for the printing process by adding 9 wt.% PEO. Moreover, compared with other printing devices, the device with 9 wt.% PEO had the higher resistance of recombination (Rct), leading to an optimal PCE of 20.47% under 200 lux illumination. In stability test, the DSSC with 9 wt.% PEO also exhibited excellent stability at room temperature. Further, the printable electrolyte was applied to bifacial DSSC, the PCE of DSSC with 4 layers TiO2 under front-side and back-side illumination were 17.22% and 14.25%, respectively.

摘要 I
Extended abstract II
目錄 XI
表目錄 XV
圖目錄 XVI
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 前言 1
1-2 研究目的與動機 3
第二章 實驗原理與文獻回顧 5
2-1 染料敏化太陽能電池介紹 5
2-1-1 染料敏化太陽能電池之工作原理 6
2-1-2 電子在染料敏化太陽能電池中的傳輸路徑 7
2-2 染料敏化太陽能電池之結構介紹 10
2-2-1 透明導電基板 10
2-2-2 氧化物半導體 11
2-2-3 光敏化劑 13
2-2-3-1 半導體敏化劑 14
2-2-3-2 釕金屬錯合物染料 15
2-2-3-3 紫質染料 18
2-2-3-4 純有機染料 19
2-2-4 電解質 22
2-2-4-1 碘電解質 23
2-2-4-2 鈷電解質 24
2-2-5 對電極 27
2-3 文獻回顧 29
2-3-1 染料敏化太陽能電池於室內光下之研究 29
2-3-2 鈷錯合氧化還原對於室內光環境下應用之可行性 32
2-3-3 膠態電解質 33
2-3-4 可印刷式電解質 35
2-3-5 PVDF-HFP與PMMA間的交互作用 36
2-3-6 雙面照光染料敏化太陽能電池 37
第三章 實驗器材與步驟 40
3-1 實驗藥品與材料 40
3-2 實驗儀器與分析原理 43
3-2-1 太陽光模擬器 43
3-2-2 室內光量測系統 46
3-2-3 電化學交流阻抗分析 48
3-2-4 入射光子轉換效率量測系統 54
3-2-5 金屬濺鍍機 55
3-2-6 紫外光-可見光光譜儀 56
3-2-7 傅立葉轉換式紅外線光譜儀 57
3-2-8 掃描式電子顯微鏡 58
3-2-9 迴旋式磁流變分析儀 60
3-2-10 一般儀器 61
3-3 實驗流程及實驗原理 63
3-3-1 二氧化鈦薄膜製備 63
3-3-2 光電極敏化程序 64
3-3-3 對電極製備程序 64
3-3-4 電解質製備程序 65
3-3-5 染料敏化太陽能電池元件組裝 66
第四章 結果與討論 69
4-1 灌注式膠態電解質 69
4-1-1 灌注式電解質於太陽光環境中之應用 69
4-1-1-1 電解質之電化學特性分析 70
4-1-1-2 元件之暗電流及阻抗特性分析 71
4-1-2 灌注式電解質於室內光環境中之應用 75
4-1-2-1 電解質之電化學特性與元件之阻抗分析 76
4-1-2-2 高分子交互作用之影響 79
4-1-3 灌注式膠態元件之穩定性測試 82
4-1-4 可雙面照光型染敏太陽能電池之應用 83
4-1-4-1 對電極之穿透度分析 84
4-1-4-2 光電極之優化 85
4-2 可印刷式電解質之製備及在室內光環境中之應用 89
4-2-1 高分子增稠劑含量之調控 89
4-2-2 印刷式電解質的黏度對元件效能之影響 90
4-2-2-1 電解質之電化學特性與元件阻抗分析 92
4-2-3 共混高分子增稠劑之影響 95
4-2-4 印刷式元件之穩定性測試 98
4-2-5 可雙面照光型元件之應用 99
第五章 結論與建議 102
5-1 結論 102
5-2 未來工作與建議 105
第六章 參考文獻 106

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