臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

由於微藻富含脂質、醣類、以及蛋白質，其不管生產高質化產品亦或是生質燃料都非常具有潛力，故本論文探討各產品製程的經濟分析及生命週期分析，最後結合各產品的製程對其配比做優化。
本論文的第一部份為微藻精煉製程的建立，以微藻作為進料，經培養及前處理生產醣類或藻油，再經過生產各項產品的製程生產出乳酸、生質柴油、生物油、丙酮、丁醇及乙醇等化學品，最後將各產品製程結合整理出四個微藻精煉製程方法。
本論文的第二部份為對微藻精煉製程四個方法經濟分析及生命週期評估，利用Benemann與Oswald(1966年)的計算方法對微藻培養及前處理做經濟分析，乳酸發酵製程則採用J.M. Douglas(1988年)出版的化工程序設計書目中的係數估計法來做經濟分析。
生命週期評估部份則利用SiamPro®軟體對乳酸製程進行計算。結果顯示以微藻所生產之醣類來進行乳酸發酵獲得乳酸非常具有發展潛力，其總製程之環境衝擊低於傳統乳酸發酵製程，約下降26.4%。微藻精煉製程四個方法的經濟分析及生命週期評估為收集大量文獻數據結合乳酸發酵製程來進行分析，結果顯示藻類的含醣量及含油量越高，經濟利益和環境衝擊都會隨之提高。
本論文的第三部份為對微藻精煉製程的結合與優化，由於上述微藻精煉製程的四個方法都有其優缺點，無法兼顧經濟利益和環境衝擊，故結合各項產品製程利用GAMS®軟體做配比上的優化。此部份利用三種不同含量的微藻作為進料來探討其結果，分別為平均醣、油含量之微藻、最高含醣量之微藻以及最高含油量之微藻，經過製程配比上的優化後，結合方法一至方法四的微藻精煉製程在維持一定的經濟利益下，有效的降低環境衝擊。
本論文的研究結果可以了解到，以微藻所生產之醣類來進行乳酸發酵獲得乳酸不管在經濟利益上以及環境保護上都是非常具有潛力的，而在經過GAMS®軟體做優化後，微藻精煉製程不僅極具經濟利益，也能夠兼顧環境保護。

Because microalgae is rich in lipids, sugars, and proteins, it has great potential for producing high-quality products or biofuels. Therefore, this research discusses economic analysis and life cycle assessment of each product process. The first part of this thesis is the establishment of the microalgal biorefineries, including cultivation, pretreatment and each product process. The second part of this thesis is the economic analysis and life cycle assessment of the four methods of the microalgal biorefineries. In the life cycle assessment section, SiamPro® software is used to analysis the lactic acid process. The results show that using carbohydrate produced by microalgae in the lactic acid fermentation has great potential. The environmental impact of the total process is lower than that of the traditional lactic acid fermentation process, which is about 26.4%. The third part of this thesis is the combination and optimization of the microalgal biorefineries. GAMS® software is used to optimize the process for its ratio. The results show that the optimization can effectively reduce environmental impact. Due to the above result mentioned, the microalgae carbohydrates, as of the raw material of the lactic acid, were showed potential in the economy and environment. Also, after optimization by GAMS® software, the microalgal biorefineries not only have great economic benefits, but also balance environmental protection.

摘要 I
Extended Abstract III
誌謝 XI
目錄 XIII
表目錄 XVIII
圖目錄 XIX
第1章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究動機與目標 2
1.3 研究架構 2
第2章 文獻回顧 5
2.1 微藻養殖以及前處理過程 5
2.1.1 簡介 5
2.1.2 培養 6
2.1.3 收穫 6
2.1.4 除水 7
2.1.5 破藻 7
2.1.6 萃取 8
2.1.7 水解 8
2.2 乳酸 10
2.2.1 簡介 10
2.2.2 乳酸發酵 11
2.3 生質丁醇 14
2.3.1 簡介 14
2.3.2 ABE發酵 15
2.4 生質柴油 17
2.4.1 簡介 17
2.4.2 轉酯化反應 17
2.4.3 製程設計 18
2.5 水熱液化法 19
2.6 經濟分析 19
2.6.1 設備成本 20
2.6.2 操作成本 21
2.6.3 折舊 22
2.7 生命週期評估 26
2.7.1 生命週期評估簡介 26
2.7.2 目標範疇界定 (Goal and Scope Definition) 26
2.7.3 盤查分析 (Life Cycle Inventory Analysis) 27
2.7.4 衝擊評估 (Life Cycle Impact Assessment) 28
2.7.5 闡釋 (Interpretation) 28
第3章 微藻精煉製程建立 29
3.1 方法一 29
3.1.1 預濃縮 31
3.1.2 脂化 31
3.1.3 水解 32
3.1.4 醇類回收 32
3.2 方法二 33
3.3 方法三 34
3.4 方法四 35
第4章 微藻精煉製程經濟分析及生命週期評估 36
4.1 乳酸製程經濟分析 36
4.1.1 微藻培養及前處理製程之總設備成本 37
4.1.2 微藻培養及前處理製程之總操作成本 39
4.1.3 乳酸發酵製程總設備成本 40
4.1.4 乳酸發酵製程總操作成本 42
4.2 乳酸製程生命週期評估 45
4.2.1 目標範疇界定 45
4.2.2 盤查分析 46
4.2.3 衝擊評估 48
4.2.6 闡釋 52
4.3 方法一經濟分析與生命週期評估 53
4.3.1 經濟分析 53
4.3.2 生命週期評估 57
4.4 方法二經濟分析與生命週期評估 61
4.4.1 經濟分析 61
4.4.2 生命週期評估 65
4.5 方法三經濟分析與生命週期評估 69
4.5.1 經濟分析 69
4.5.2 生命週期評估 73
4.6 方法四經濟分析與生命週期評估 77
4.6.1 經濟分析 77
4.6.2 生命週期評估 81
4.7 發酵製程比較 85
4.8 結論 87
第5章 微藻精煉製程優化 89
5.1 平均醣、油含量之微藻 91
5.1.1 經濟利益最大化 91
5.1.2 環境衝擊最小化 93
5.1.3 平衡經濟利益及環境衝擊 95
5.2 最高含醣量之微藻 99
5.2.1 經濟利益最大化 99
5.2.2 環境衝擊最小化 101
5.2.3 平衡經濟利益及環境衝擊 103
5.3 最高含油量之微藻 105
5.3.1 經濟利益最大化 105
5.3.2 環境衝擊最小化 107
5.3.3 平衡經濟利益及環境衝擊 109
第6章 結論與建議 113
第7章 參考文獻 115
附錄(A)：優化微藻精煉製程最佳配比方法計算過程 120

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