臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

台灣地形狹長且三分之二的山地聳立於本島中央，導致河川大多坡陡流急，不易蓄存水資源，再加上乾濕季分明的氣候特性，台灣枯水期容易缺水已是不爭的事實；然而台灣地質鬆散，每逢豪大雨河川便會挾帶大量泥沙流入水庫，高濁度之地表水源使得自來水供給變得困難，此現象造成台灣豐水期儘管降雨豐沛仍然可能缺水之窘況。
近年來隨著全球暖化愈加嚴重，極端氣候使強降雨頻繁發生，因此豐水期因高濁度地表水源造成之短暫缺水問題亦成為台灣水資源迫在眉睫的重要課題。為求水資源供給的穩定與乾淨，「伏流水」資源漸漸受到重視，台灣目前已設置多處伏流水取水站，主要作為豪大雨期間的備用水源，未來也有望成為枯水期的備用水源，伏流水已然成為台灣未來水資源的重要發展趨勢。
本研究以地下水模擬系統(Groundwater Modeling System, GMS)中的MODFLOW模組進行伏流水資源開發影響評估，選定高屏溪攔河堰及其上游規劃於數年內完工之伏流水取水站，如興田、溪埔及大泉場址為研究區域，同時假設未來全年常態取用伏流水資源情形下，模擬伏流水站取水對鄰近地表水及伏流水取水設施之影響，以及取用伏流水資源可能造成該區域整體水資源量之改變。
研究成果顯示，根據伏流水控制寬口井及水井與取水端間水頭差之取水機制，若依照興田、溪埔、大泉3站於豐水期設計取水量10萬CMD、15萬CMD以及15萬CMD所設計之水頭差，此3站之伏流水取水量於枯水期會因為整體水資源量下降而折減，折減之取水量分別可達1.47萬CMD(14.7%)、0.61萬CMD(0.04%)與0.79萬CMD(0.05%)，其原因推測為興田站為輻射井取水方式，此方式取水時涉及之面積較大，當整體水資源下降，水頭差減小幅度相同時，所受之影響較大，則使興田站於枯水期的伏流水取水量折減最多。此外，模擬結果顯示各伏流水站取水量會受鄰近取水設施影響，並使原設計取水量產生折減，且取水場址距離愈相近，對彼此取水量產生之折減也愈大，故未來增設伏流水站應考慮周圍其他取水設施之影響。
本研究針對伏流水特殊取水機制進行網格設定，計算出各站伏流水資源量補注來源，結果顯示興田、溪埔、大泉3站地表水補注伏流水資源的比例分別為28%、43%以及54%，其主要原因與距西側鳳山丘陵遠近造成地下水水力梯度差異有關。並比對高屏溪攔河堰取水後的剩餘流量與上游3個伏流水站地表水需求量總和，發現於2015年枯水期出現地表水供應不足情形，故於興田、溪埔、大泉3個伏流水取水站完全完工並啟用後，若需於枯水期取用伏流水，則需注意原主要地表水量之供應，在地表水資源不足時，應以主要取水設施優先取水。

Due to the inherent topography and climate limitations, the storage of freshwater resources has long been a central issue in Taiwan. In addition, extreme climate has increasingly led surface water to rapidly become turbid after heavy rainfalls. Thus, water shortages in Taiwan occur not only in the dry season but also in the wet season. Hyporheic flow resources have gradually begun to receive scientific attention because they can be used to ensure water resource supply stability. In Taiwan, hyporheic flow has become an important alternate water resource for the future. Therefore, the current study was undertaken to investigate how the pumping of hyporheic flow affects surface water and groundwater, as well as to determine the amount of interaction among the water resources occurring between each station. The study area is selected to be part of the Gaoping River Watershed. The Gaoping River Weir is the main surface water station on the Gaoping River. Some hyporheic flow pumping stations are expected to be built in an upper stream of the Gaoping River Weir in a few years.
We applied the MODFLOW numerical simulation software to establish a hydrogeological model of the Gaoping River watershed and then simulated the scenarios of the hyporheic flow water taking for the stations for different scenarios. Our results provided a quantitative analysis of the impact of hyporheic flow taking from surface water and groundwater, as well as of the amount of interaction among water resources between each station. Thus, this work serves as a physical basis for the proposed water taking amount from each station and the possible joint operation of surface water and groundwater resources in both wet and dry seasons.

中文摘要 I
Abstract III
誌謝 IX
目錄 X
表目錄 XII
圖目錄 XIII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機與目的 2
1.3 研究流程 3
第二章 文獻回顧 5
2.1 伏流水定義 5
2.2 伏流水資源模擬 6
2.3 國內伏流水發展趨勢 7
2.4 多伏流水站聯合運作模擬 8
第三章 研究區域 10
3.1 屏東平原區域概述 10
3.2 屏東平原氣候概述 10
3.3 屏東平原地質概述 11
3.4 屏東平原水文概述 15
3.4.1 地下水系統 15
3.4.2 地表水系統 26
3.5 伏流水案例探討 27
3.6 伏流水取水方式 31
第四章 建立水文地質模式 33
4.1 MODFLOW介紹 33
4.2 模式範圍劃分 35
4.3 水文地質參數設定 37
4.4 其他參數設定 39
4.5 模式率定與驗證 41
4.5.1 誤差檢定方法 42
4.5.2 率定與驗證結果 42
4.6 伏流水取水設定 47
第五章 結果與討論 50
5.1 枯水期伏流水取水量折減 51
5.2 各伏流水站間影響 54
5.3 各站伏流水資源之地表水補注比例 61
5.4 枯水期伏流水取水限制 63
第六章 結論與建議 65
6.1 結論 65
6.2 建議 67
參考文獻 68

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