臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

台灣有著歷史悠久的原住民文化，其中包含了許多具有經濟發展與文化研究潛力的作物，台灣油芒(Eccoilopus formosanus)即為同時具備這兩種價值的物種，它的種子含有豐富的脂肪與胺基酸，同時莖桿含油量高具有生質能源作物的發展潛力，耐乾旱環境、耕作時不需灌溉設施，且植株高不易受雜草影響，這些特色讓油芒被視為有經濟發展價值的作物。目前人工栽培的台灣油芒被記錄於台灣的雙龍、太平村、那瑪夏、大鳥、台坂、德文、大南、高中里與樂野等九個地區部落，九個部落分別包含了六個不同部族，栽培的族群各自獨立，這些特色也讓台灣油芒在使用親緣地理探討原住民遷徙上成為有潛力的物種。因此，本實驗選定屏東縣德文部落之栽培種台灣油芒作為實驗目標，進行核型分析(Karyotyping analysis)，觀察台灣油芒有絲分裂中期染色體，並透過螢光原位雜交技術(Fluorescence in situ hybridization, FISH)中的酪胺放大雜交技術(Tyramide Signal Amplification (TSA)-FISH)，將45S rDNA定位至染色體上幫助辨識，結果顯示台灣油芒多屬於中位中節染色體，僅有第15對染色體為次中位中節染色體，在第10、15、24等三對染色體出現45S rDNA的訊號，少數染色體標本中可以觀察到一至兩對染色體上有次級收縮區，本實驗將依據這些染色體特徵建立完整的染色體分布圖並為其排序編號，提供後續基因體學以及細胞遺傳學發展使用。

Taiwan has an abundant heritage of aboriginal agriculture. Many crops with the potential of economic and research. Eccoilopus formosanus is a species with both of these values. Its seeds are rich in fatty acid and amino acids. The high oil content of the stem is also the advantage of becoming a biomass energy crop. It is resistant to drought, does not require irrigation facilities when farming, and not susceptible to weeds. At present, the cultivated E. formosanus are recorded in nine villages in Taiwan. These nine villages contain six tribe and locations throughout Taiwan. These characteristics also make E. formosanus possibly use in phylogeography and anthropology. This study using the cultivar of E. formosanus collected from Devon village on Pingtung. Preparing the chromosome spreads and karyotyping analysis. Observing the mitotic metaphase chromosome of E. formosanus, and though Tyramide Signal Amplification (TSA)-FISH labeling 45S rDNA probe in chromosomes. The results showed that E. formosanus (2n=48) have 23 metacentric chromosome pairs, only the NO. 15 chromosome pair were submetacentric, and the six 45S rDNA signals appeared on the three pairs of chromosomes. Two pairs of chromosome have secondary constrictions. This study will establish a complete chromosomal physical map which can be useful for further genomic and cytogenetic studies.

摘要 I
Abstract II
致謝 III
Contents IV
List of Tables VI
List of Figures VII
Abbreviations VIII
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Potential indigenous crops 1
1.2 Taiwan oil millet (Eccoilopus formosanus (Rendle) A. Camus) 2
1.2.1 Phenotypic description and classification of Taiwan oil millet 2
1.2.2 The distribution and history of Taiwan oil millet 2
1.3 Karyotyping analysis of the Eccoilopus formosanus 4
1.3.1 Previous studies 4
1.3.2 Repetitive DNA sequences 4
1.3.3 Fluorescence in situ hybridization 5
1.4 Purpose 6
Chapter 2 Materials and Methods 7
2.1 Plant Material 7
2.2 Chromosome preparation 7
2.3 Probe labeling 8
2.4 Tyramide Signal Amplification (TSA)-FISH 9
2.5 Image processing and karyotype analysis 11
Chapter 3 Results 12
3.1 Karyotype comparison by DAPI staining 12
3.2 Physical mapping of 45S rDNA loci 13
3.3 Chromosomes with high percentage of heterochromatin banding pattern 13
Chapter 4 Discussions 14
4.1 Preparation of chromosome spreads 14
4.2 Chromosome characteristics 15
4.3 Secondary constriction and 45S rDNA loci 16
Chapter 5 Conclusion 18
Chapter 6 References 19
Chapter 7 Tables 24
Chapter 8 Figures 28
Appendix 1 (a) Aboriginal tribe with E. formosanus cultivation record. (b) Showing the location of the E. formosanus collection record. 35
Appendix 2 Aboriginal tribe and location with E. formosanus cultivation record. 36

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Website:
Eccoilopus formosanus (Rendle) A. Camus 臺灣油芒| 台灣生物多樣性檢索 (http://taibif.tw/zh/namecode/201494; accessed on 01/09/2019)

台灣油芒Eccoilopus formosanus - Plants of TAIWAN 台灣植物資訊整合查詢系統(http://tai2.ntu.edu.tw/PlantInfo/species-name.php?code=628%20045%2002%200; accessed on 01/09/2019)

高砂族調査書. 第2編 - 国立国会図書館デジタルコレクション(http://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/1449505; accessed on 01/09/2019)