臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

目前電池廣泛運用於穿戴式設備、電動車、筆記型電腦等等的電子設備，而鋰離子電池是有可能滿足上述這些設備需求的電池，此碩論主要探討的便是鋰離子電池的負極，達到最佳化鋰離子電池電性。目前市面上最常使用的鋰離子負極為石墨，因為石墨長時間充放電後不會有枝晶鋰產生，使其在應用上具有安全性與充放電週期長的優勢，但石墨陽極的理論電容值只有372mAh/g的電容量，故許多研究專注於尋找替代的材料，矽便是其中一個可能的物質，但矽有高的體積膨脹率，約為400%致使電極容易呈現不穩定而導致電容量下降。因此，本碩論主要是利用非化學計量氧化矽(SiOx)，取代原本的純矽材料，並探討單純材料的電特性、製成碳矽氧複合物的電特性、量產的可行性
本實驗先比較矽片(100nm)和非化學計量氧化矽在組成電池後的電性，可以發現在電容量與庫倫效率的穩定性方面是勝過矽片的，但缺點是首圈庫倫效率較低。之後將SiOx外面成長不同碳重量的奈米碳管/奈米碳纖維，以及在外面形成碳化矽，提供SiOx保護，探討電特性是否改善。在奈米碳的部分，討論其量產的可能性，將石英舟改成內石英管後，奈米碳管/奈米纖維依然能夠成長，碳成長的重量約為原本的四倍，原料利用率為原本的兩倍，在內石英管中增加兩組環，能夠讓得到的樣品更為均一，但犧牲的是原料利用率，另外發現使用水汽輔助的方式成長奈米碳/奈米纖維，從拉曼分析中發現成長的品質較好缺陷較少，利用此方式成長不同碳重量比例的奈米碳管，可以發現到碳重量比例10%的樣品有突出的電特性，在50圈能維持在1400mAh/g左右，首圈庫倫效率為62%也較佳。在碳化矽方面，成長微量的碳化矽能夠讓平均電容量大為提高，首圈的庫倫效率有稍微提高。

The development of lithium-ion batteries is very important today. Our experiment focuses on how to improve the anode of lithium-ion batteries. First, we found that using SiOx in the anode is more stable than silicon, Second, we succeed using a quartz tube to produce lots of powder, and the powder is uniform. Last, we grow nanocarbon and silicon carbide on SiOx and succeed to improve the anode’s electrical performance.The ten percent carbon content SiOx@CNT/CNF and SiOx@SiC in the fifty torr pressure have the best performance in our experiment.

目錄
摘要 i
Abstract ii
致謝 vi
目錄 vii
圖目錄 ix
表目錄 xiv
第1章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機 3
第2章 文獻回顧 5
2.1鋰電池的內部運作模式 5
2.2負極材料介紹 6
2.3矽之負極材料 6
2.4矽氧複合材料介紹與應用在鋰電池 7
2.4.1 一氧化矽(SiO)基陽極材料 7
2.4.2二氧化矽陽極 9
2.4.3非化學計量氧化矽(SiOX) 10
2.5矽碳複合材料介紹與應用在鋰電池 13
2.5.1碳化矽(silicon carbide, SiC) 13
2.6電解液 25
2.7拉曼光譜(Raman spectrum)原理介紹 27
第3章 實驗流程設計與使用設備介紹 29
3.1實驗流程簡介 29
3.2奈米碳複合材料包覆於非化學計量氧化矽(SiOx@CNT/CNF)粉末製備 30
3.2.1碳重量50%的SiOx@CNT/CNF粉末製備 32
3.2.2碳重量30%的SiOx@CNT/CNF粉末製備 33
3.2.3碳重量10%的SiOx@CNT/CNF粉末製備 34
3.3碳化矽複合非化學計量氧化矽(SiOx@SiC)粉末製備 35
3.4粉末量測的機台介紹 39
3.4.1拉曼光譜量測系統(Raman Spectrum System) 39
3.4.2掃描式電子顯微鏡(Scanning-Electron Microscopy,SEM) 40
3.4.3能量色散X-射線光譜(Energy Dispersive X-ray，EDS) 41
3.4.4高溫二維X-ray廣角繞射儀(XRD) 42
3.4.5高解析場發射掃描穿透式電子顯微鏡 43
3.5鋰離子電池組裝 44
3.5.1攪醬料前置處理 44
3.5.2攪醬料及極片製作流程 45
3.5.3半電池封裝 46
3.6鋰離子電池量測與分析-電化學測試機 47
第4章 實驗結果與討論 48
4.1矽氧碳複合材料 48
4.2矽與SiOx之比較 48
4.3奈米碳包覆非化學計量氧化矽(SiOx@CNT/CNF) 52
4.3.1水氣輔助(water-assisted)化學氣相沉積對奈米碳管的影響 52
4.3.2奈米碳量產的過程與結果 54
4.4不同碳重量奈米碳包覆SiOx之比較 56
4.4.1能量色散X-射線光譜(EDS) 56
4.4.2拉曼光譜分析 58
4.4.3掃描電子顯微鏡觀察分析 60
4.4.4穿透式電子顯微鏡(Transmission Electron Microscope, TEM)分析 62
4.4.5電性測量 63
4.5非化學計量氧化矽複合碳化矽(SiOx@SiC) 67
4.5.1能量色散X-射線光譜(EDS) 67
4.5.2 X-ray廣角繞射儀分析(XRD 分析) 68
4.5.4穿透式電子顯微鏡量測 70
4.5.5電池量測分析 70
第五章結論與未來展望 74
參考文獻 76

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