臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文提出一個基於微波開關來同時量測多人及多方向生理訊號之雷達系統。由於連續波雷達不具備距離解析度的能力，因此多人的生理訊號會混雜在一起，進而導致難以進行解調。相對地，頻率調變連續波雷達則具有適當的距離解析度且系統架構簡單的優點。因此，頻率調變連續波雷達具有同時量測多個目標物及距離的能力。

我們使用頻率調變連續波雷達來量測離雷達不同距離的待測者生理訊號。如果把微波開關作為多工器使用的話，我們只需一個收發機即可同時量測多個方向的訊號，而不需使用多個雷達系統。此外，開關還具有混波的功能。因此我們進一步實現同時量測多方向的低中頻雷達系統。

在解調方面，由於心跳訊號易受呼吸訊號諧波的影響。因此，我們使用總體經驗模態分解來萃取呼吸及心跳的本質模態函數。實驗結果顯示，透過此演算法我們能有效改善訊雜比及準確度。而生理訊號的誤差平均小於3%。

This thesis proposes a RF switch-based radar system for multi-target and multi-direction vital signs detection simultaneously. Since continuous wave (CW) radar does not have the ability of range resolution, the signals of multiple reflections are mixed together and the phase information cannot be distinguished. In contrast, frequency modulation continuous wave (FMCW) radar has suitable range resolution and relatively simple system architecture. Therefore, FMCW radar has the capabilities of multi-target monitoring and distance information. We use FMCW radar to detect the vital signs of the two targets in various distance simultaneously. By using RF switch as a multiplexer, we can detect multidirection signal in a transceiver instead of multiple radar system. Moreover, switch has the function of mixing. By proposed RF switch-based radar system, we practice low-IF architecture for multi-direction vital signs detection simultaneously. In terms of demodulation, heart rate (HR) is susceptible to the harmonic of respiratory rate (RR). Therefore, we use ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) algorithm to extract the intrinsic mode functions of RR and HR. Experiments show that, we can improve signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and accuracy significantly using this algorithm. And the vital sign errors of multiple targets are below 3% averagely.

圖目錄 v 表目錄 x 第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 文獻探討 2
1.3 論文架構與貢獻 9
第二章 連續波雷達及頻率調變連續波雷達系統理論分析 11
2.1 連續波雷達系統理論分析 11
2.2 頻率調變連續波雷達系統理論分析 13
2.3 混合頻率調變連續波及連續波雷達系統理論分析 16
第三章 經驗模態分解與總體型經驗模態分解方法 19
3.1 經驗模態分解法 19
3.2 總體經驗模態分解法 23
第四章 使用頻率調變連續波雷達搭配微波開關實現同時量測多人及多方向的生理訊號之理論與量測結果 25
4.1 使用頻率調變連續波雷達量測多人的生理訊號 25
4.1.1 實驗架設 26
4.1.2 數位訊號處理 27
4.2 使用頻率調變連續波雷達搭配微波開關量測等距之雙人訊號 29
4.2.1 系統架構 29
4.2.2 實驗架設及量測結果 36
4.3 使用頻率調變連續波搭配微波開關量測多方向多人之訊號 41
4.3.1 系統架構及實驗架設 42
4.3.2 實驗結果 46
第五章 使用微波開關搭配連續波雷達實現同時量測兩方向之低中頻雷達系統 51
5.1 系統架構及理論推導 51
5.2 模擬 54
5.2.1 Bx1(t)及Bx2(t)沒有互相交越且兩訊號與零也都沒有交越 54
5.2.2 Bx1(t)及Bx2(t)沒有互相交越但其中一個訊號與零交越 59
5.2.3 Bx1(t)及Bx2(t)互相交越但與零都沒有交越 62
5.3 量測結果 65
第六章 結論與未來工作 70
6.1 結論 70
6.2 未來工作 71
參考資料 72

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