臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本文考量鋰電池在電動車輛操作期間頻繁的深度充放電，間接影響電池模組溫度的上升。若長時間高溫的環境，電池的壽命會明顯減少。本研究提出一磷酸鋰鐵電池與超級電容之雙電源驅動系統，以鋰離子電池作為主要的能量來源，並善用超級電容能瞬間提供高功率的特性來輔助主電源。藉由控制超電容放電電流，來分配主電池能量輸出，使驅動器在馬達啟動及負載變化時，電池操作於不致於快速衰減壽命的電流。透過超電容削峰填谷之效用，延長電動車載電池循環壽命。透過Simulink程式模擬，在ECE40行車型態操作下，本論文提出之超電容輔助儲能系統預估能延長電動機車鋰電池一年半的壽命。

Lithium-ion batteries have the limitation and require frequent charging and discharging during vehicle operation, which would cause the temperature of battery pack rising high. Accordingly, cycle life of the battery pack will reduce significantly when operating in high temperature environment.
This thesis proposes a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) composed of lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors (SCs) for electric vehicle applications. In the proposed HESS, lithium-ion batteries acts as the main energy source, and supercapacitors, as a high dynamic and high power density device, functions to supply transient power demand. To improve battery cycle life, supercapacitor utilized to harvest energy generated from electric motor while regenerative braking by appropriate switching of the DC/DC converter. Implementing current control on DC/DC converter, which distribute the current flow between batteries and SCs, can prevent battery pack from life-harming condition. With the proposed method, the harvested energy can be used when starting or accelerating the electric vehicle and furthermore prolong lifespan of battery.

中文摘要 I
目錄 X
表目錄 XIII
圖目錄 XIV
符號表 XVIII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機與目的 2
1.3 文獻回顧 3
1.3.1 電池及超電容混合架構 3
1.3.2 電池壽命影響因素 7
1.4 論文架構 11
第二章 永磁同步馬達數學模型與磁場導向控制 13
2.1 永磁同步馬達數學模型 13
2.1.1 永磁馬達分類 13
2.1.2 三相永磁馬達之數學方程式 14
2.1.3 座標轉換 17
2.1.4 旋轉座標系下的馬達數學模型 20
2.2 磁場導向控制 (Field Oriented Control, FOC) 21
2.2.1 空間向量脈寬調變 22
第三章 儲能單元特性分析及各式混合架構分析 24
3.1 儲能單元特性分析 24
3.1.1 鋰離子電池簡介 24
3.1.2 超電容簡介 26
3.2 電池與超電容混合架構分析 29
3.2.1 電池與超電容混合架構介紹 29
3.2.2 雙向直流轉換器架構介紹 33
3.3 小結 36
第四章 系統控制架構及硬體電路設計 37
4.1 系統架構 37
4.2 超電容/電池混合驅動電路作動模式 39
4.2.1 電路參數設計 40
4.2.2 控制方法模擬驗證 52
4.3 周邊電路設計 57
4.3.1 功率晶體驅動電路 57
4.3.2 電流感測電路 58
4.3.3 過電流保護電路 60
4.4 小結 61
第五章 系統架構驗證與成果 62
5.1 測試環境 62
5.1.1 單晶片微控制器 62
5.1.2 硬體在線迴路系統 (Hardware-in-the-Loop, HIL) 63
5.1.3 混合驅動器實體驗證 64
5.2 電容臂測試結果 65
5.3 驅動臂測試結果 72
5.4 小結 73
第六章 結論及未來研究方向 74
6.1 結論 74
6.2 未來研究方向 74
參考文獻 75

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