臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究主要探討團聚微囊藻在紫外光系統下受到過氧化氫(H2O2)氧化後，細胞破損程度與胞內藻毒釋出之相關性，以及氫氧自由基（hydroxyl radical, ·OH）產量與藻毒素降解之關聯。實驗以自然水體可分離的三種不同粒徑之團聚微囊藻為研究對象，研究了在0.2 μm過濾之成功湖水背景條件下，細胞的破壞動力以及藻毒的降解動力。其中微囊藻細胞被破壞的程度，以細胞完整性來表示，通過萤光染劑搭配流式細胞儀進行分析，並以數藻輔助判定；藻毒應用酵素連結免疫吸附法進行分析。研究對象經實驗證實，具有產高濃度藻毒素的能力。
研究結果發現，微囊藻對於紫外光系統下H2O2之抗氧化力與細胞團聚粒徑之大小有關，越大粒徑的團聚微囊藻其抗氧化能力越強。並且推測·OH是造成H2O2/UV系統中細胞破裂速率比UV系統中要大之主要原因。在毒素方面，氧化造成的細胞破壞會導致胞內毒素的釋出，因此觀察到胞外毒素的上升，然而反應系統中產生的氫氧自由基對藻毒具有較強氧化性，因此觀察到隨著時間的增加總毒素有所下降。經過動力模擬後發現，單顆粒之同種微囊藻和37~297 μm之團聚微囊藻都能符合Delayed Chick-Watson model，然而297~840 μm粒徑之團聚微囊藻，卻可依據細胞破裂常數之不同，分為三個階段模擬，說明297~840 μm粒徑之團聚微囊藻不能以一般動力模式模擬。
本研究表明，微囊藻的形態會影響氧化過程對其細胞的破壞、胞內代謝物的釋出和降解過程。在實際原水處理過程中，添加H2O2劑量以及採用的紫外光強度，還應考慮藻的團聚程度影響。

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between cell damage and intracellular microcystins released for colonial Microcystis after being oxidized by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) under ultraviolet (UV) light condition, and effect of hydroxyl radical (·OH) on microcystins degradation. In the oxidation experiments, the colonial Microcystis were divided into three size ranges and were oxidized in filtrated water from Renyitan (RET) Reservoir. The results showed that the rates of cell ruptured by the oxidation process, and the release and degradation of intracellular metabolites were depending on colonial sizes, with smaller rates for larger colonies. In the treatment process of natural and engineered water systems, the H2O2 dosages and ultraviolet light intensity applied should be based on the sizes of colonies present in the water.

目錄
摘要 I
Extended Abstract II
誌謝 V
目錄 VII
圖目录 X
表目錄 XIII
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 研究緣起 1
1-2 研究目的 2
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2-1 微囊藻的特性 3
2-1-1 單顆粒微囊藻與團聚微囊藻之比較 3
2-1-2 團聚形成之影響因素 5
2-1-3 團聚藻氧化研究之局限 6
2-2 微囊藻之處理方法 7
2-2-1 傳統方法 7
2-2-2 高級氧化技術(AOPs) 8
2-2-3 氧化作用對藻體破壞之影響因子 11
2-3 微囊藻毒素及其處理方法 12
2-2-1 微囊藻毒素 12
2-3-2 微囊藻毒素之去除 15
2-3-3 H2O2/UV的應用 16
2-3 氫氧自由基的量測 18
2-3-1 化學探針法(Chemical Probe Method) 18
2-3-2 氫氧自由基濃度推算 19
2-4 螢光染色應用於藻體之觀察 20
2-4-1 螢光染劑 20
2-4-2 流式細胞儀 22
第三章 實驗設備與方法 23
3-1 研究架構 23
3-2 團聚微囊藻之準備 25
3-2-1 團聚微囊藻來源 25
3-2-2 團聚微囊藻之培養方法 25
3-2-3 團聚微囊藻之計數 27
3-2-4 團聚微囊藻之分散方法 29
3-2-5 團聚微囊藻之篩分方法 30
3-3 氧化實驗 31
3-4 化學探針分析 33
3-5 過氧化氫濃度分析 35
3-6 团聚细胞完整性分析 37
3-7 微囊藻毒素分析 39
第四章 結果與討論 43
4-1 光源特性測試 43
4-1-1 光源譜圖及強度測定 43
4-1-2 UV光強變化測試 45
4-2 過氧化氫及光源對細胞完整性之影響 47
4-2-1 過氧化氫對微囊藻細胞之影響 47
4-2-2 光源對微囊藻細胞之影響 51
4-3 團聚微囊藻之氧化結果 56
4-3-1 單顆粒微囊藻 56
4-3-2 粒徑介於37~297 μm之團聚微囊藻 59
4-3-3 粒徑介於297 ~840 μm之團聚微囊藻 66
4-4 不同系統之結果比較 68
4-4-1不同團聚粒徑結果之比較 68
4-4-2 UV光系統之比較 70
4-5 UV/H2O2系統之動力模擬 72
4-5-1 UV細胞完整性動力模式模擬 72
第五章 結論與建議 82
5-1 結論 82
5-2 建議 83
第六章 參考文獻 84

圖目录
圖2- 1發生藍綠菌毒素問題之天然水體分佈(Zurawell et al. 2005) 12
圖2- 2微囊藻毒素之化學結構(Hummert et al. 2001) 13
圖2- 3細胞於流式細胞儀中經雷射光照射所產生之不同散射光 22

圖3- 1研究架構流程圖 24
圖3- 2團聚微囊藻培養照片 26
圖3- 3樣品注入計數盤之方法(Whipple et al. 1927) 28
圖3- 4 pCBA檢量線 34
圖3- 5 H2O2檢量線 36
圖3- 6細胞完整性配置與實驗值關係 38
圖3- 7 微囊藻毒檢量線 41

圖4- 1高壓汞燈圖譜 43
圖4- 2 紫外光源图谱 43
圖4- 3 UV光強變化測試圖 45
圖4- 4 H2O2/dark系統中H2O2濃度隨時間之變化 48
圖4- 5 H2O2/dark系統中H2O2濃度隨時間之變化 48
圖4- 6 H2O2/dark系統中細胞完整性隨時間之變化 49
圖4- 7 H2O2/dark系統中細胞完整性隨時間之變化 49
圖4- 8 H2O2/dark系統中pCBA濃度隨時間之變化 50
圖4- 9 H2O2/dark系統中pCBA濃度隨時間之變化 50
圖4- 10 H2O2/dark系統中藻毒濃度隨時間之變化 50
圖4- 11高壓汞燈系統中pCBA濃度隨時間之變化 52
圖4- 12 UV光系統中pCBA濃度隨時間之變化 52
圖4- 13 UV光系統中pCBA濃度隨時間之變化 53
圖4- 14光源系統中細胞完整性隨時間之變化 54
圖4- 15高壓汞燈系統中微囊藻毒濃度隨時間之變化 55
圖4- 16 H2O2/UV系統中H2O2濃度隨時間之變化 57
圖4- 17 H2O2/UV系統中H2O2濃度隨時間之變化 57
圖4- 18單顆粒微囊藻之H2O2/UV系統中pCBA濃度隨時間變化 58
圖4- 19單顆粒微囊藻之H2O2/UV系統中細胞完整性隨時間之變化 59
圖4- 20 37~297 μm團聚微囊藻之H2O2/UV系統中pCBA浓度随时间变化 60
圖4- 21 37~297 μm團聚微囊藻之H2O2/UV系統中細胞完整性隨時間之變化 61
圖4- 22 37~297 μm團聚微囊藻之H2O2/高壓汞燈系統中微囊藻毒濃度變化 62
圖4- 23 37~297 μm團聚微囊藻之H2O2/UV系統中微囊藻毒濃度隨時間之變化 63
圖4- 24 37~297 μm團聚微囊藻之H2O2/UV系統中微囊藻毒濃度隨時間之變化 64
圖4- 25 37~297 μm團聚微囊藻之H2O2/UV系統中微囊藻毒濃度隨時間之變化 65
圖4- 26 297~840 μm團聚微囊藻之H2O2/UV系統中pCBA浓度随时间变化 66
圖4- 27 297~840 μm團聚微囊藻之H2O2/UV系統中細胞完整性隨時間之變化 67
圖4- 28 H2O2/UV系統中不同團聚粒徑細胞完整性隨時間之變化 69
圖4- 29 H2O2/UV系統中不同團聚粒徑細胞完整性隨時間之變化 69
圖4- 30单颗粒同种微囊藻之H2O2/UV系統中細胞完整性隨時間之變化 70
圖4- 31 37~297 μm團聚微囊藻之H2O2/UV系統中細胞完整性隨時間之變化 71
圖4- 32 H2O2/UV系統中不同粒徑團聚微囊藻細胞完整性趨勢模擬 74
圖4- 33 H2O2/UV系統中不同粒徑團聚微囊藻細胞完整性趨勢模擬 75
圖4- 34顯微鏡量測團聚微囊藻粒徑示意圖 78
圖4- 35 顯微鏡量測團聚微囊藻粒徑分佈圖 79

表目錄

表2- 1去除水體藻類常見方法比較 8
表2- 2不同氧化劑對藍綠菌毒素之降解能力(Westrick et al. 2010) 10
表2- 3微囊藻毒素之主要形式(Hummert et al. 2001, Maizels et al. 2004) 13
表2- 4微囊藻毒素之LD50 毒性 (Hitzfeld et al. 2000) 14

表3- 1 ASM培養基成分表(Rippka 1988) 25

表4- 1本研究使用光源之強度（W/m2） 44
表4- 2 UV光強變化比較 46
表4- 3氫氧自由基產量及藻毒去除率 65
表4- 4實驗系統參數與偵測結果 71
表4- 5細胞完整性動力模式模擬 76
表4- 6團聚微囊藻粒徑變化之量測 78

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