本論文提出利用高/低頻抖動訊號提升寬頻生物阻抗頻譜分析性能的系統，應用於生物阻抗的頻譜分析，量測生物阻抗的大小和相位。本系統內部產生一個低解析度之32倍頻電流弦波訊號，將其輸入至待測物中，在不同的頻率下，量測待測物的阻抗大小和相位。由於輸入弦波的解析度不足，故此系統加入了高頻與低頻抖動訊號，讓整個電路的量測更具有統計價值。阻值量測的方法為，將待測弦波與+-VDAC做比較，若+-VDAC等於待測弦波之方均根值，則阻值量測電路會產生一責任週期為50%的方波訊號，反之電路則會調整+-VDAC之值使其越來越逼近待測弦波之方均根值。相位量測的方法為，利用隨機取樣的方式，直接將相位偵測電路輸出的責任週期轉換成數位碼。訊號此晶片亦內嵌基準電壓產生電路、可調式增益放大器、鎖相迴路電路，直接數位合成器以及壓控式電流源，採用市面常見的1.5V電池做為電壓源，輸入生物體的電流為50uA之弦波，輸入頻率為1kHz~16.384MHz，阻抗大小量測誤差小於1%，相位量測誤差小於1.5度，而系統晶片的實現，採用UMC CMOS 0.18um的製程，晶片面積為1.045 x 0.849mm^2 。

The thesis proposed a wide-band bioimpedance spectroscopy enhanced by dithering and wobbling techniques. The proposed bioimpedance measurement circuit inject a sinusoidal current into the device under test and measure the magnitude and phase response at different frequencies. The injected test waveform is a low resolution sine wave with only 32 sample point. Dithering and wobbling techniques are used to enhance the test quality statistically. For the magnitude measurement, the response waveform is compared to +-VDAC. If+-VDAC equal to +-VRMS of the response waveform, a 50% duty cycle square waveform will be generated. Otherwise, +-VDAC will be adjusted accordingly. The phase measurement is achieved by the random sampling of the phase detector output. The proposed IC has a reference voltage generator, a programmable gain amplifier, a phase lock loop, a direct digital synthesis, and a voltage control current source. It uses 1.5-V battery as the voltage source. The current injected to human body is limited to 50uA. The input frequency is 1kHz to 16.384MHz. The measured magnitude error is less than 1%, the phase error is less than 1.5 degree. This system is realized in UMC COMS 0.18um process. The Area is 1.045 x 0.849mm^2.

摘 要 i
Abstract ii
致謝 iii
目錄 vi
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 xii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1研究發展現況與研究動機 1
1.2系統架構簡介 4
1.3論文結構 7
第二章 生物阻抗之量測與應用 8
2.1 介紹 8
2.2 生物阻抗模型 9
2.3生物阻抗之應用 11
2.4 寄生電阻電容與四線量測 15
2.5 系統規格與量測模型 17
第三章 方均根量測電路與相位量測電路 19
3.1介紹 19
3.2 雜訊 20
熱雜訊 20
閃爍雜訊 21
3.3 方均根量測電路 23
3.4動態栓鎖比較器 30
3.5 Duty 50%偵測電路 32
即時取樣(Real Time Sampling) 33
等效取樣(Real Time Sampling) 34
3.6 二分搜尋法、SAR邏輯控制 37
3.7 6-bits 差動輸出數位類比轉換器 38
3.8 擺動/抖動訊號產生電路 41
3.9 相位量測電路 45
第四章 訊號產生電路與可調式增益放大器 48
4.1介紹 48
4.2可調式增益放大器與其控制電路 49
4.3常數轉導偏壓電路與帶差參考電壓電路 51
常數轉導偏壓電路 51
帶差參考電壓電路 52
4.4直接數位合成器 55
4.5鎖相迴路電路 58
4.6環形震盪器以及時脈選擇器 62
4.7壓控制電流源以及四線量測技巧 64
4.8平行輸入連續輸出的位移暫存器 66
第五章 模擬結果 68
5.1電路佈局圖 70
5.2模擬結果 72
方均根量測電路 & 相位量測電路模擬 72
直接數位合成電路 78
帶差參考電壓電路 79
可調式增益放大器 80
擺動/抖動訊號產生電路 81
鎖相迴路電路 82
規格比較表 83
5.3量測考量 85
第六章 結論與未來展望 86
參考文獻 88

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