臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

電池是現今最被廣範使用電能儲能元件，從筆記型電腦、手機與遙控器等3C產品到不斷電系統、飛機與電動車等大功率設備或載具都可看到電池的應用。然而沒有取之不盡用之不竭的能量來源，因此電量可說是電池使用者最為關心的電池物理資訊，過去電池模型常透過實驗量測取得電量與電池端電壓將之關係，並以多項式或查表法等方式來得到電量與電壓間的關係，其缺點在於以查表或多項式的方式去模型化電池較為抽象，缺乏與物理世界連接的關聯性，因此本研究提出一個新的電池模型，透過改變電容串並聯的數量或結構以類比電池電壓與電量間之關係。透過電子附載定電流定電壓充電法對電池進行充電實驗紀錄電池端電壓與充電電流得到電池的充電曲線，設定使用定電流附載或是將電阻與電池串聯可得到電池之放電曲線，從電量與端電壓的關係實驗曲線找出電池之可變電容之等效電路模型以類比電池。本研究將從開路電壓下之充放電曲線先得到電池之電池充放電SPICE模型再將該模型與實驗數據做比對驗證電池之電池充放電SPICE模型可行性。

Battery is the most widely used electrical energy storage device nowadays. From electronics such as notebook computers, mobile phones and remote controls to high-power devices such as uninterruptible power systems, airplanes and electric vehicles, battery applications can be seen. The capacitor of a battery is the most concerned information about the use of batteries. In the past, battery models often obtained the relationship between the capacity and the battery terminal voltage through experimental measurements and used polynomial or table lookup. The disadvantage is that the correlation between the battery model and the physical world is lacking. In this study a new battery model base on different combination structure of capacitors is used to analogous to the relationship between battery voltage and the capacity. Batteries are charged/discharge by the electronically load. Record the terminal voltage and current to obtain the charging/discharging curve of the battery. Analysis the relationship between the voltage and experimental result and finds the of the battery variable capacitance equivalent circuit model of the battery under test.

摘要 i
Abstract ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 iv
第1章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究動機與目的 3
1.3 論文架構 7
第2章 研究方法 8
2.1 電池的組成與運作原理 8
2.1.1 電池得基本構造 8
2.1.2 鋅銅電池[9] 9
2.1.3 鉛酸電池[11] 10
2.2 電池的基本名詞、參數與規格 14
2.3 電池電壓與電流與電子負載的量測法 16
2.4 電池定電壓定電流充放電測試 18
2.5 電池電量的量測法 19
2.6 電池充放電模型之實驗條件 20
第3章 理論推導 21
3.1 Model1電池充放電模型充電分析 22
3.1.1 Model1電池充放電模型第一階段充電 24
3.1.2 Model1電池充放電模型第二階段充電 25
3.1.3 Model1電池模型第三階段充電 29
3.1.4 Model1電池模型第四階段充電 32
3.1.5 Model1電池充放電模型第五階段充電(定電壓充電) 35
3.1.6 Model1電池充放電模型第一階段放電 42
3.1.7 Model1電池充放電模型第二階段放電 44
3.1.8 Model1電池充放電模型第三階段放電 46
3.1.9 Model1電池充放電模型第四階段放電 47
3.2 Model2電池充放電模型充電分析 50
3.2.1 第一階段充電 51
3.2.2 第一轉折點(t1，VC1t=Vzener1) 53
3.2.3 第二階段充電 53
3.2.4 第二轉折點(t2，VC2t2=V4) 55
3.2.5 第三階段充電 56
3.2.6 第三轉折點(t3，V2=VC2t3) 59
3.2.7 第四階段充電 59
3.2.8 第四轉折點(t4，Zener2稽納二極體逆向導通) 61
3.2.9 第五階段充電 61
3.2.10 第五轉折點(t5，定電流轉定電壓充電) 63
3.2.11 第六階段充電(定電壓充電) 64
3.2.12 第一階段放電 68
3.2.13 第二階段放電(Zener2逆向導通) 69
3.2.14 第三階段放電(MOS1導通) 70
3.2.15 第四階段放電(MOS2斷開) 71
第4章 PSIM電路模擬、實驗與驗證 74
4.1 實驗設備 74
4.2 實驗方法 74
4.3 Model1電池模型內部元件參數計算 76
4.4 Model1實驗測試比對結果 82
4.5 Model2電池充放電模型內部元件參數計算 85
第5章 結論 88
5.1 結果與討論 88
5.1.1 Model1電池之電容充放電模型內阻調整 88
5.2 未來展望 92
參考資料 93

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