臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本篇論文主要探討在不同太陽閃焰相位發生的第三型無線電波爆（Type III solar radio burst）之間的差異性，並深入分析閃焰前第三型無線電波爆。我們使用的觀測資料包含Solar Broadband Radio Spectrometer（SBRS）的2.6～3.8 GHz資料和Solar Dynamic Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly（SDO/AIA）的EUV影像。
第三型無線電波爆是由被加速非熱電子束在太陽日冕層或是行星際空間運動所造成，訊號頻率越高代表訊號源區越靠近太陽表面，且第三型無線電波爆經常伴隨太陽閃焰發生，因此我們利用SBRS的高頻段動態頻譜圖，分析太陽閃焰不同相位的第三型無線電波爆的物理參數特性，包括：頻帶寬、頻率漂移率、持續時間、強度和偏振度。經過統計，我們發現比起其他相位，閃焰前第三型無線電波爆的持續時間較長、頻帶寬較大、強度較弱。
另一方面，我們針對太陽閃焰發生前的第三型無線電波爆事件，分析無線電波爆與太陽源區的時空關聯性。我們利用94 Å、171 Å和211 Å來估算高溫電漿（7 MK）的變化情形。我們發現EUV增亮現象是來自於較高溫的電漿，並且有一半以上的閃焰前第三型無線電波爆的發生時間與高溫電漿達到局部峰值的時間相近。因此，閃焰前第三型無線電波爆事件的結果代表在太陽閃焰發生前有小尺度的能量釋放。

The purpose of this study is to investigate the difference of the characteristics of type III solar radio bursts in different phases of solar flares. We use the dynamic spectrum observed by Solar Broadband Radio Spectrometer (SBRS) in the frequency range of 2.6-3.8 GHz and the EUV image observed by Solar Dynamic Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (SDO/AIA). Type III solar radio bursts are believed to be produced by the non-thermal electron beams propagating in solar corona and interplanetary. The high-frequency type III radio bursts are produced at the region of high plasma density close to solar surface. Moreover, type III radio bursts are often associated with solar flares. In this study, we analyze the characteristics of type III bursts (bandwidth, duration, drift rate, intensity, and polarization) observed by SBRS in the three stages of solar flares, i.e., the pre-flare, impulsive phase and gradual phase. Our results show that the pre-flare type III has a longer duration, wider bandwidth and weaker intensity than those in the impulsive and gradual phases. In particular, we analyze the temporal correlation between pre-flare type III bursts and EUV emissions at solar source regions. We estimate the Fe XVIII line formed at 7 MK using AIA 94 Å, 171 Å and 211 Å. Then, all EUV brightening is attributable to plasma at 7 MK, and related with more than half pre-flare type III. Thus, the pre-flare type III events imply the existence of small-scale energy release before flares.

中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 vi
表目錄 ix
一、 緒論 1
1-1 太陽閃焰 1
1-2 太陽無線電波爆 4
1-3 第三型無線電波爆 7
1-4 無線電觀測 13
1-5 相關文獻回顧 17
1-6 研究動機 19
二、 觀測 20
2-1 儀器介紹 20
2-1-1 SBRS 20
2-1-2 SDO/AIA 21
2-2 第三型無線電波爆的自動判別 23
2-3 閃焰前第三型無線電波爆源區的尋找方法 30
三、 分析結果 32
3-1 太陽閃焰各相位之第三型無線電波爆 32
3-2 第三型無線電波爆特性分析 44
3-3 閃焰前第三型無線電波爆與太陽源區關係 55
3-3-1 2012年6月10日M1.3級太陽閃焰（閃焰事件二） 55
3-3-2 2012年10月10日M1.0級太陽閃焰（閃焰事件三） 66
四、 討論 71
4-1 閃焰各相位第三型無線電波爆之統計特性 71
4-2 閃焰前第三型無線電波爆的可能原因 79
4-3 自動判別的誤差 87
五、 總結 89
參考文獻 90
附錄一 第三型無線電波爆列表 95

Alvarez, Hector & Haddock, F. T., “Solar Wind Density Model from Km-Wave Type III Bursts”, Solar Physics, Volume 29, Issue 1, pp. 197-209, March 1973.
Aschwanden, M. J., “What did Yohkoh and Compton Change in Our Perception of Particle Acceleration in Solar Flares?”, In: Observational Plasma Astrophysics: Five Years of Yohkoh and Beyond. Edited by Tetsuya Watanabe, Takeo Kosugi, and Alphonse C. Sterling. Boston, Mass.: Kluwer Academic Publishers (Astrophysics and space science library), Volume 229, p. 285, 1998.
Aschwanden, M. J., “Physics of the Solar Corona”, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2005.
Benz, Arnold O., Monstein, Christian, Beverland, Michael, Meyer, Hansueli & Stuber, Bruno, “High Spectral Resolution Observation of Decimetric Radio Spikes Emitted by Solar Flares - First Results of the Phoenix-3 Spectrometer”, Solar Physics, Volume 260, Issue 2, pp.375-388, December 2009.
Bougeret, J. -L., Kaiser, M. L., Kellogg, P. J., Manning, R., Goetz, K., Monson, S. J., Monge, N., Friel, L., Meetre, C. A., Perche, C., Sitruk, L. & Hoang, S., “Waves: The Radio and Plasma Wave Investigation on the Wind Spacecraft”, Space Science Reviews, Volume 71, Issue 1-4, pp. 231-263, February 1995.
Chen, Naihwa, Ip, Wing-Huen & Innes, Davina, “Flare-Associated Type III Radio Bursts and Dynamics of the EUV Jet from SDO/AIA and RHESSI Observations”, The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 769, Issue 2, article id. 96, 8 pp., June 2013.
Del Zanna, G., “The Multi-Thermal Emission in Solar Active Regions”, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 558, id. A73, 20 pp., October 2013.
Fu, Qijun, Ji, Huirong, Qin, Zihai, Xu, Zhicai, Xia, Zhiguo, Wu, Hongao, Liu, Yuying, Yan, Yihua, Huang, Guangli, Chen, Zhijun, Jin, Zhenyu, Yao, Qijun, Cheng, Congling, Xu, Fuying, Wang, Min, Pei, Libei, Chen, Shanhuai, Yang, Guo, Tan, Chenming & Shi, Suobiao, “A New Solar Broadband Radio Spectrometer (SBRS) in China”, Solar Physics, Volume 222, Issue 1, pp. 167-173, July 2004.
Ginzburg, V. L. & Zhelezniakov, V. V., “On the Possible Mechanisms of Sporadic Solar Radio Emission (Radiation in an Isotropic Plasma)”, Soviet Astronomy, Volume 2, p. 653, October 1958.
Innes, D. E., Cameron, R. H. & Solanki, S. K., “EUV Jets, Type III Radio Bursts and Sunspot Waves Investigated Using SDO/AIA Observations”, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 531, id. L13, 4 pp., July 2011.
Kaiser, M. L., Kucera, T. A., Davila, J. M., St. Cyr, O. C., Guhathakurta, M. & Christian, E., “The STEREO Mission: An Introduction”, Space Science Reviews, Volume 136, Issue 1-4, pp. 5-16, April 2008.
Kerdraon, Alain & Delouis, Jean-Marc, “The Nançay Radioheliograph”, In: Coronal Physics from Radio and Space Observations; Proceedings of the CESRA Workshop held in Nouan le Fuzelier, France 3-7 June 1996, edited by Gerard Trottet, Published by Springer, p.192, 1997.
Kundu, M. R., Strong, K. T., Pick, M., Harvey, K. T., Kane, S. R., White, S. M. & Hudson, H. S., “Metric Type III Bursts from Flaring X-ray Bright Points”, In: Proceedings of Kofu Symposium, Kofu Japan, Sept. 6-10, 1993, p. 343-346, July 1994.
Lang, Kenneth R., “Sun, Earth and Sky”, Springer-Verlag New York, 2006.
Lecacheux, Alain, “The Nançay Decameter Array: A Useful Step Towards Giant, New Generation Radio Telescopes for Long Wavelength Radio Astronomy”, Radio Astronomy at Long Wavelengths, tutorials and reviews from an AGU Chapman conference held Oct. 1998 in Paris, France. Geophysical monograph Series, Vol. 119. ISSN 0065-8448. Edited by R.G. Stone, K.W. Weiler, M.L. Goldstein, and J.-L. Bougerot. Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union, p.321, 2000.
Lemen, James R., Title, Alan M., Akin, David J., Boerner, Paul F., Chou, Catherine, Drake, Jerry F., Duncan, Dexter W., Edwards, Christopher G., Friedlaender, Frank M., Heyman, Gary F., Hurlburt, Neal E., Katz, Noah L., Kushner, Gary D., Levay, Michael, Lindgren, Russell W., Mathur, Dnyanesh P., McFeaters, Edward L., Mitchell, Sarah, Rehse, Roger A., Schrijver, Carolus J. Springer, Larry A., Stern, Robert A., Tarbell, Theodore D., Wuelser, Jean-Pierre, Wolfson, C. Jacob, Yanari, Carl, Bookbinder, Jay A., Cheimets, Peter N., Caldwell, David, Deluca, Edward E., Gates, Richard, Golub, Leon, Park, Sang, Podgorski, William A., Bush, Rock I., Scherrer, Philip H., Gummin, Mark A., Smith, Peter, Auker, Gary, Jerram, Paul, Pool, Peter, Soufli, Regina, Windt, David L., Beardsley, Sarah, Clapp, Matthew, Lang, James & Waltham, Nicholas, “The Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)”, Solar Physics, Volume 275, Issue 1-2, pp. 17-40, January 2012.
Lin, R. P., Dennis, B. R., Hurford, G. J., Smith, D. M., Zehnder, A., Harvey, P. R., Curtis, D. W., Pankow, D., Turin, P., Bester, M., Csillaghy, A., Lewis, M., Madden, N., van Beek, H. F., Appleby, M., Raudorf, T., McTiernan, J., Ramaty, R., Schmahl, E., Schwartz, R. Krucker, S., Abiad, R., Quinn, T., Berg, P., Hashii, M., Sterling, R., Jackson, R., Pratt, R., Campbell, R. D., Malone, D., Landis, D., Barrington-Leigh, C. P., Slassi-Sennou, S., Cork, C., Clark, D., Amato, D., Orwig, L., Boyle, R., Banks, I. S., Shirey, K., Tolbert, A. K., Zarro, D., Snow, F., Thomsen, K., Henneck, R., McHedlishvili, A., Ming, P., Fivian, M., Jordan, John, Wanner, Richard, Crubb, Jerry, Preble, J., Matranga, M., Benz, A., Hudson, H., Canfield, R. C., Holman, G. D., Crannell, C., Kosugi, T., Emslie, A. G., Vilmer, N., Brown, J. C., Johns-Krull, C., Aschwanden, M., Metcalf, T. & Conway, A., “The Reuven Ramaty High-Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI)”, Solar Physics, Volume 210, Issue 1, p. 3-32, November 2002.
Lobzin, V., Cairns, I. H., Robinson, P. A., Steward, G. & Paterson, G., “Automatic Recognition of Coronal Type II Radio Bursts: The Method for ARBIS 2”, American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2009, abstract id. SH23A-1523, December 2009.
Ma, Yuan, Xie, Rui-xiang, Zheng, Xiang-min, Wang, Min & Yi-hua, Yan, “A Statistical Analysis of the Type-III Bursts in Centimeter and Decimeter Wavebands”, Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics, Volume 36, Issue 2, p. 175-186, April 2012.
Melrose, D. B., “Plasma Emission: A Review”, Solar Physics, Volume 111, Issue 1, pp. 89-101, March 1987.
Messmer, Peter, Benz, Arnold O. & Monstein, Christian, “PHOENIX-2: A New Broadband Spectrometer for Deci-Metric and Microwave Radio Bursts First Results”, Solar Physics, Volume 187, Issue 2, p. 335-345, July 1999.
Ratcliffe, H., Kontar, E. P. & Reid, H. A. S., “Large-Scale Simulation of Solar Type III Radio Bursts: Flux Density, Drift Rate, Duration, and Bandwidth”, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 572, id. A111, 11 pp., December 2014.
Reid, Hamish Andrew Sinclair & Ratcliffe, Heather, “A Review of Solar Type III Radio Bursts”, Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Volume 14, Issue 7, p. 773-804, July 2014.
Reid, Hamish A. S. & Vilmer, Nicole, “Coronal Type III Radio Bursts and Their X-ray Flare and Interplanetary Type III Counterparts”, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 597, id. A77, 11 pp., January 2017.
Robinson, P. A. & Benz, A. O., “Bidirectional Type III Solar Radio Bursts”, Solar Physics, Volume 194, Issue 2, p. 345-369, June 2000.
Staehli, M. & Benz, A. O., “Microwave Emission of Solar Electron Beams”, Astronomy and Astrophsics (ISSN 0004-6361), Volume 175, No. 1-2, p. 271-276, March 1987.
Tan, Baolin, Mészárosová, Hana, Karlický, Marian, Huang, Guangli & Tan, Chengming, “Microwave Type III Pair Bursts in Solar Flares”, The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 819, Issue 1, article id. 42, 9 pp., March 2016.
Tsuneta, S., Acton, L., Bruner, M., Lemen, J., Brown, W., Caravalho, R., Catura, R., Freeland, S., Jurcevich, B., Morrison, M., Ogawara, Y., Hirayama, T. & Owens, J., “The Soft X-ray Telescope for the SOLAR-A Mission”, Solar Physics, Volume 136, Issue 1, pp.37-67, November 1991.
Weber, R. R., “Low Frequency Spectra of Type III Solar Radio Bursts”, Solar Physics, Volume 59, Issue 2, pp. 377-385, October 1978.
White, S. M., “Solar Radio Bursts and Space Weather”, Asian Journal of Physics, Volume 16, p. 189-207, 2007.
Winter, L. M. & Ledbetter, K., “Type II and Type III Radio Bursts and Their Correlation with Solar Energetic Proton Events”, The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 809, Issue 1, article id. 105, 19 pp., August 2015.