臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

建築物提供人類一舒適空間，然而建築部門能源消耗占全球整體能源消耗量約40%，因此如何有效減低建築能耗是必須深入探討之問題。本研究以中央大學內一示範場域之低碳排智慧建築為研究對象，藉由當地氣候條件和微氣象站之資料，配合CFD流場模擬分析，將流場空間切分為室外與室內空間，並了解不同季節之室外流場常態分佈，研究發現目標建築物於冬、夏季皆以東北面為迎風向，故以此結果作為室內流場之邊界參考，經由驗證後室內流場模擬結果與量測值相對誤差小於3%，表示研究結果成功鏈結室內外流場之關係。接著，經由室內流場之模擬分析，探討不同使用情境下，自然通風和空調模式下之室內溫度、風速場分佈以及室內品質，探討合適開窗策略以及空調機應擺放之位置。以法定二氧化碳濃度要求(<1000 ppm)和室內人體舒適度，尋找合適之室內配置策略，以及良好室內舒適環境。同時，配合流場分析考慮不同使用情境，依人數設計長照情境與辦公室情境，根據當地氣候條件、現有建築設施及空調系統等等，估算建築全年能耗，可視化建築能源消耗量，用以評估研究目標之建築能源使用決策。研究發現使用者習慣、建築外殼特性與通風量同時為影響流場與能耗之主要因素。

Low carbon and clean green energy house is a comfortable and economic place for the people to stay. The green energy house consumes only 40% of the energy compared to the conventional house. This low carbon emission house coupled with Internet of Things (IoT) was demonstrated at National Central University. Every possible factor effects in the functioning and maintenance of the energy house was considered in the simulations. The Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulations were performed in flow field mode. The local climatic conditions and the data of the micro weather station was considered for the outdoor flow field simulations. The indoor flow field simulation explores the indoor temperature, wind distribution, ventilation and air conditioning mode under different usage conditions in different climatic seasons. We simulated the effect of heat distribution in the house and placed the air conditioners for comfortable living environment. We also demonstrated the usage for both office and residential purposes and calculated the energy consumption based upon the local climatic conditions with effective usage of all the facilities available in the house. This study combines CFD and energy consumption estimation to provide comfortable living in the house with good air quality in different seasons. The user models, effective power consumption and other factors demonstrated and simulated in our research helps the future researchers in designing of power generation and storage for living in various situations.

摘要 i
Abstract ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 v
圖目錄 x
表目錄 xiv
符號表 xvii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機與目的 3
1.2.1 研究動機 3
1.2.2 研究目的 4
1.3 研究方法 5
1.3.1 研究對象 8
1.3.2 研究範圍 8
1.4 研究限制 9
第二章 文獻回顧 11
2.1 流場模擬分析 11
2.2 紊流模型 12
2.3 舒適性 15
2.3.1舒適環境要素 15
2.3.2 PMV/PPD模型 18
2.3.3生理等效溫度PET 21
2.3.4通用熱氣候指數UTCI 23
2.4 建築能耗分析 25
2.4.1建築能耗因素 25
2.4.3建築能耗分析軟體 26
第三章 理論與數值模式 29
3.1 基本假設 29
3.2 統御方程 29
3.3 植栽源項方程 33
3.4 大氣邊界層方程式 39
3.5 壁函數 43
3.6 壁面熱傳遞 45
3.7 輻射模型 48
3.8 數值方法 50
3.8.1 計算軟體描述 50
3.8.2 數值演算法 51
3.8.3 收斂條件設定 52
3.8.4 鬆弛因數與離散方式 53
第四章 幾何模型與邊界設定 55
4.1 模擬環境介紹 55
4.2 地區平均氣候 56
4.2.1 台灣氣候資料 56
4.2.2 計算域氣象資料 62
4.3 幾何模型 65
4.3.1 室外空間計算域 66
4.3.2 室內空間計算域 68
4.4 邊界條件 70
4.4.1 室外空間模擬設置 70
4.4.2 室內空間模擬設置 72
4.5 情境設計與參數設置 74
4.5.1 室內源項設定 74
4.5.2 建築材質設置 76
4.5.3太陽輻射相關係數設置 79
4.6 網格獨立性測試 81
4.6.1 室外空間網格獨立性測試 81
4.6.2 室內空間網格獨立性測試 81
第五章 結果與討論 83
5.1 CFD模擬與量測值驗證 83
5.1.1 室外流場模擬驗證 83
5.1.2 室內流場模擬驗證 86
5.2 室外流場模擬分析 87
5.3 室內流場模擬分析 91
5.3.1 室內敏感性分析 91
5.3.2 通風模式 93
5.3.3 空調模式 112
5.4 舒適性分析 123
5.5 建築能耗分析 125
5.5.1空調系統 125
5.5.2照明系統 127
5.5.3 人員活動 128
5.5.4能耗計算結果 133
第六章 結論與未來方向 140
6.1 結論 140
6.2 未來方向 141
參考文獻 143
附錄A、有效Prandtl數之倒數 149
附錄B、增加修正黏滯度之條件參數Rɛ 150
附錄C、有限體積法與SIMPLEC演算法 151
附錄D、邊界條件之離散 158
附錄E、建築結構層之材料特性 159
附錄F、網格品質建議值 160

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