臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究旨在探討吶吃者的口腔肌肉力量、口腔輪替動作速率、母音聲學空間面積與言語清晰度之間的關係。研究對象分為兩組，分別為吶吃組30名吶吃者與對照組30名言語正常者，比較兩組口腔肌肉力量、口腔輪替動作速率、母音聲學空間面積以及言語清晰度的表現。使用愛荷華口腔表現儀器（Iowa Oral Performance Instrument, IOPI）測量口腔肌肉力量。以Praat聲學軟體分析且計算出口腔輪替動作速率及母音聲學空間面積。由四位聽力正常的評判者，分別以聽寫法評估詞語清晰度，以視覺類比量表評估句子清晰度。
分析結果顯示，在口腔肌肉力量、說詞語時的口腔肌肉力量、口腔輪替動作速率、母音聲學空間面積與言語清晰度，吶吃組數據皆顯著小於對照組。研究結果也發現，吶吃組在單純口腔肌肉力量平均、說詞語口腔肌肉力量平均、口腔輪替動作速率平均、/a-i-u/母音聲學空間三面積，這四項數據與言語清晰度之間有中度相關（r = .47~.65）。逐步多元迴歸分析結果顯示，口腔輪替動作速率之平均、/a-i-u/母音聲學空間面積、口腔肌肉力量之平均及說詞語時的口腔肌肉力量之平均，對於不含聲調詞語清晰度有顯著的預測效果，整體解釋力達65.5%。口腔輪替動作速率之平均、口腔肌肉力量之平均、/a-i-u/母音聲學空間面積則對於句子清晰度有顯著的預測效果，整體解釋力達76.0%。
本研究結果顯示，口腔輪替動作速率及單純口腔肌肉力量這兩項最大表現測試，可作為預測言語清晰度的因子。使用IOPI測量成人口腔肌肉力量時，若口腔力量低於23kPa，則可能會影響構音準確度。此數據可成為臨床上使用IOPI評估吶吃者口腔肌肉力量的參考依據。

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship among oral muscle strength, oral diadochokinetic movement rate, acoustic vowel space area, and speech intelligibility for dysarthric speakers. There were two groups of participants: one consisting of 30 dysarthric speakers and the other consisting of 30 normal speakers. The oral muscle strength, oral diadochokinetic movement rate, acoustic vowel space area, and speech intelligibility were compared between the two groups. The oral muscle strength was measured by the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI). The oral diadochokinetic movement rate and the acoustic vowel space area were analyzed by using Praat, an acoustic analysis software. The word and sentence intelligibility were evaluated by four evaluators with normal hearing using transcribing method and visual analogue scales, respectively.
Based on an analysis of the results, the dysarthric group demonstrated significantly lower scores than the control group in the oral muscle strength, oral muscle strength of speaking, oral diadochokinetic movement rate, acoustic vowel space area, and speech intelligibility. Moreover, there were moderate positive correlations between four parameters (the oral muscle strength, the oral muscle strength of speaking, the oral diadochokinetic movement rate, the /a-i-u/ acoustics vowel space area) and speech intelligibility scores for the dysarthric group (r = .47~.65). The stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that the oral diadochokinetic movement rate, /a-i-u/ acoustics vowel space area, oral muscle strength, and oral muscle strength of speaking were significant predictors for word intelligibility scores (R2 = 65.5%). The oral diadochokinetic movement rate, oral muscle strength, /a-i-u/ acoustics vowel space area were significant predictors sentence intelligibility scores (R2 = 76.0%).
The result of this study showed that the maximum performance test of the oral muscle strength and oral diadochokinetic movement rate were powerful predictors for speech intelligibility. In clincs, when the IOPI is used to measure the oral muscle strength for an adult, if the strength value is below 23kPa, the lower weak oral muscle strength may influence the articulation movment. In conclusion, this study could provide normative data of the oral muscle strength for dysarthric speakers in clinically.

目次
摘要......................................................I
Abstract.................................................II
目錄.....................................................IV
表目錄...................................................VI
圖目錄...................................................VII
第一章 緒論.......................................................1
第一節、 研究背景及動機 .........................................1
第二節、 研究目的及研究問題.......................................4
第三節、 名詞解釋................................................6
第二章 文獻探討....................................................8
第一節、 吶吃的分類與言語特徵.....................................8
第二節、 言語機轉與口腔肌肉運動功能...............................14
第三節、 口腔肌肉力量............................................17
第四節、 口腔輪替動作速率 .................................26
第五節、 母音聲學空間面積 .................................32
第六節、 言語清晰度..............................................36
第三章 研究方法....................................................40
第一節、 研究架構................................................40
第二節、 研究對象................................................43
第三節、 研究工具與材料..........................................44
第四節、 資料收集流程與評估程序...................................48
第五節、 資料分析處理與統計.......................................52
第六節、 言語清晰度分析...........................................54
第四章 研究結果....................................................57
第一節、 口腔肌肉力量的分析.......................................57
第二節、 口腔輪替動作速率分析.....................................65
第三節、 母音聲學空間面積分析.....................................66
第四節、 言語清晰度分析..........................................69
第五節、 口腔肌肉力量、母音聲學空間面積、口腔輪替動作速率與言語清晰度的關係...71
第六節、 言語清晰度的多元迴歸分析.........................................81
第五章 結論與建議.........................................................85
第一節、 結論...........................................................85
第二節、 綜合討論.......................................................87
第三節、 研究限制.......................................................94
第四節、 研究及臨床建議..................................................95
參考文獻 ........................................................97
附錄一 研究參與者同意書...........................................104
附錄二 施測檢核記錄表.............................................105
附錄三 吶吃組參與者基本資料(n=30)..................................106
附錄四 對照組參與者基本資料(n=30)..................................107
附錄五 海龍公式計算母音聲學空間面積.................................108


表目錄
表 2-3-1 口腔肌肉力量的相關研究-正常者(單位:kPa)..........................24
表 2-3-2 口腔肌肉力量的相關研究-吶吃者(單位:kPa)..........................25
表 2-4-1 口腔輪替動作速率的相關研究(單位:音節/秒)..........................31
表 2-5-1 黃國佑(1996)華語母音聲學研究(單位:Hz)............................33
表 3-3-1 華語最小音素對比詞語之測試語料....................................47
表 3-3-2 華語子音測試語句材料.............................................47
表 4-1-1 兩組在唇、舌前、舌後力量之最大值(單位:kPa)...................... 58
表 4-1-2 兩組在說詞語時之唇、舌前、舌後力量(單位:kPa)...................... 60
表 4-1-3 兩組說詞語時口腔力量佔單純口腔力量之百分比(%)......................64
表 4-2-1 兩組在不同施測材料下之最快口腔輪替動作速率(單位:音節/秒)......................65
表 4-3-1 兩組/a/、/i/、/u/、/e/母音第一共振峰(F1)與第二共振峰(F2)(單位:Hz)............67
表 4-3-2 兩組之母音聲學空間面積(單位:Hz2)............................................67
表 4-4-1 兩組參與者三項言語清晰度(%).................................................69
表 4-5-1 所有參與者單純口腔肌肉力量與說詞語時口腔力量的相關（N=60）.....................72
表 4-5-2 吶吃組單純口腔肌肉力量與說詞語時口腔力量的相關（n=30）.........................73
表 4-5-3 所有參與者單純口腔肌肉力量與母音聲學空間面積的相關（N=60）......................73
表 4-5-4 吶吃組單純口腔肌肉力量與母音聲學空間面積的相關（n=30）..........................74
表 4-5-5 所有參與者口腔肌肉力量與口腔輪替動作速率的相關（N=60）..........................74
表 4-5-6 吶吃組口腔肌肉力量與口腔輪替動作速率的相關（n=30）..............................75
表 4-5-7 所有參與者口腔肌肉力量與言語清晰度的相關（N=60).................................75
表 4-5-8 吶吃組口腔肌肉力量與言語清晰度的相關（n=30） .............................76
表 4-5-9 所有參與者三項言語清晰度、單純口腔肌肉力量平均、說詞語口腔肌肉力量平均、口腔輪替動作速率平
均、母音聲學空間面積的相關矩（N=60）...........................................78
表 4-5-10 吶吃組三項言語清晰度、單純口腔肌肉力量平均、說詞語口腔肌肉力量平均、口腔輪替動作速率平均、
母音聲學空間面積的相關矩陣（n=30)...............................................80
表 4-6-1 對不含聲調詞語清晰度之逐步多元迴歸分析摘要 .......................................82
表 4-6-2 預測變項對不含聲調詞語清晰度之迴歸係數表 .......................................82
表 4-6-3 對句子清晰度之逐步多元迴歸分析摘要表 .......................................83
表 4-6-4 預測變項對句子清晰度之迴歸係數表 ...............................................84



圖目錄
圖 3-1-1研究架構圖..................................................................41
圖 3-1-2研究流程圖..................................................................42
圖 3-3-1愛荷華口腔表現儀器...........................................................44
圖 3-4-1測量唇最大力量之示範.........................................................49
圖 3-5-1使用Praat聲學軟體分析母音的F1與F2截圖.........................................53
圖 3-5-2母音四邊形面積計算工具截圖....................................................53
圖 3-6-1語音清晰度判斷工具程式截圖 ....................................................55
圖 3-6-2語音清晰度判斷工具程式之視覺類比量表截圖........................................55
圖 4-1-1兩組在口腔三個位置肌肉力量（kPa）..............................................59
圖 4-1-2兩組在說詞語時唇、舌前與舌後位置之力量（kPa）...................................60
圖 4-1-3兩組在說不送氣與送氣詞語時口腔肌肉力量之表現....................................62
圖 4-1-4兩組在單純口腔肌肉力量之平均與說詞語時口腔肌肉力量之平均（kPa）...................63
圖 4-3-1母音聲學空間/e/偏移示意圖......................................................66
圖 4-3-2兩組的/a-i-u/母音聲學空間三角形面積（Hz2） ......................................68
圖 4-3-3兩組的/a-i-u-e/母音聲學空間四邊形面積（Hz2）.....................................68
圖 4-4-1兩組的三項言語清晰度之差異 ......................................................70

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