臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

求職效能是個人求職的重要課題，如果能夠提升求職效能，找到工作的機率相對性較高，亦能解決失業問題。在影響求職者之求職效能的因素中，就業認知與態度及就業準備是很重要的影響因素。基此，本研究希冀探討如何有效提升求職者的求職效能，並瞭解求職者就業認知與態度及就業準備的表現，對於求職者的求職效能是否會產生影響，同時分析求職者之就業認知與態度是否會透過求職準備的中介效果而影響其求職效能。本研究採用問卷調查方式，委請多位在就業服務站工作的受託人，以目前未就業及已就業但想轉換工作之求職者為主要的研究對象，進行問卷調查，總計共收回735份問卷，經研究分析後，有以下主要發現：
一、求職者之就業認知與態度對求職效能有顯著之正向影響。
二、求職者之就業準備對求職效能有顯著之正向影響。
三、求職者之就業認知與態度對就業準備有顯著之正向影響。
四、求職者就業準備對就業認知與態度與求職效能之關係具有顯著之中介效果。
五、求職者之就業認知與態度、就業準備、求職效能會因人口變項之不同而有顯著差異。

Job search effectiveness is an important topic for individual job search. If practitioners can improve their job search performance and find a job with a relatively high probability, they can solve the unemployment problem. Among the factors affecting the job search performance of job seekers, Practitioner's awareness, attitude and employment preparation are important factors. Based on this, this study hopes to explore how to effectively improve job seekers' Job search effectiveness, and to understand job seekers' practitioner's awareness, attitude and job preparation performance, whether it will affect job seekers' job search effectiveness, and analyze practitioner's awareness and attitudes. Whether it will affect the job search effectiveness through the intermediary effect of job search preparation. This study adopts a questionnaire survey method, and invites a number of trustees who work in employment service stations to conduct questionnaire surveys on the main research subjects who are currently unemployed and have employed but want to change jobs. A total of 735 questionnaires were collected. After research and analysis, the following main findings were found:
1. Practitioner's awareness and attitude of job seekers have a significant positive impact on job search performance.
2. The job preparation of job seekers has a significant positive impact on job search performance.
3. Practitioner's awareness and attitude of job seekers have a significant positive impact on employment preparation.
4. The employment preparation of job seekers has a significant intermediary effect on the relationship among practitioner's awareness, attitude and job search effectiveness.
5. Practitioner's awareness and attitude, job preparation, and job search effectiveness of job seekers may vary significantly depending on demographic variables.

摘 要 i
Abstract ii
誌謝 iv
圖目錄 vii
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的 5
第三節 研究流程 6
第二章 文獻探討 8
第一節 就業認知與態度 8
第二節 就業準備 17
第三節 求職效能 34
第四節 各變項之間的關係 42
第三章 研究方法 46
第一節 研究架構 46
第二節 研究假設 47
第三節 研究變項之操作性定義及衡量工具 48
第四節 研究對象與調查方法 55
第五節 資料分析方法 56
第六節 量表之因素分析與信度分析 59
第四章 分析資料結果 64
第一節 樣本描述性統計分析 64
第二節 各研究變項之描述性分析 67
第三節各變項之相關分析 73
第四節各變項之迴歸分析 74
第五節 中介效果分析之驗證 78
第六節 人口變項差異性分析 80
第七節 研究假設驗證結果 85
第五章 結論與建議 86
第一節 研究結論 86
第二節 理論意涵與管理實務建議 91
第三節 研究限制與後續研究建議 94
參考文獻 95
一、中文文獻 95
二、英文文獻 101

一、中文文獻
CMoney投資小學堂(2016)。理財小學堂 取自(https://www.cmoney.tw/learn/course/economic/topic/1202)
MBA智庫百科(2019)。求職 取自於(https://wiki.mbalib.com/zh-tw/%E6%B1%82%E8%81%8C)。
MBA智庫百科(2019)。效能 取自於(https://wiki.mbalib.com/zh-tw/%E6%95%88%E8%83%BD)。
MBA智庫百科(2019)。就業行為 取自於(https://wiki.mbalib.com/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%BA)。
MBA智庫百科(2019)。就業情感 取自於(https://wiki.mbalib.com/zh-tw/%E5%B0%B1%E4%B8%9A%E5%8A%9B)。
MBA智庫百科(2019)。職業成熟度 取自於(https://wiki.mbalib.com/zh-tw/%E8%81%8C%E4%B8%9A%E6%88%90%E7%86%9F%E5%BA%A6)。
中華民國統計資訊網(2019)。就業、失業統計 取自(https://www.stat.gov.tw/lp.asp?CtNode=519&CtUnit=1818&BaseDSD=29&mp=4)
田淑文(2003)。台北市高職特教班應屆畢業生就業意願之研究。國立臺灣師範 大學工業教育研究所未出版碩士論文。
全國法規資料庫(2015)。民法 取自(https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawSingle.aspx?Pcode=B0000001&FLNO=482)
行政院主計總處(2015)。就業、失業統計 取自(https://www.dgbas.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=698&ctNode=2331)
行政院主計總處(2017)。就業、失業統計 取自(https://www.dgbas.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=42616&ctNode=3102)
行政院主計總處2018年年報(2019)。就業、失業統計 取自(https://www.dgbas.gov.tw/public/Data/941103857OM2RMIO7.pdf)
吳秉恩(1993)。組織行為學，華泰，台北。
吳芝儀譯(1996)。生涯發展的理論與實務，揚智，台北。
吳國光(2005)。社區營造人員及社區居民對觀光發展認知之研究-以霧峰鄉為例。朝陽科技大學/休閒事業管理系碩士論文，未出版，台中縣。
呂佳純(2010）。美髮建教生實習滿意度與就業意願研究-以高屏區為例。高雄師範大學工業科技教育學系，未出版，高雄。
呂亮震(2012)。就業媒合邏輯與有效求職行為之研究:從就業促進觀點出發。 輔仁大學心理學系碩士學位論文，1-184。
李長貴(1981)。行為科學，建立，台北市。
李彥穎(2010)。求職不難，知識、技術與態度三要。醒報新聞，更新日期:2010/08/26 11:57。
李德純（2010）。職業訓練成效與就業轉銜網絡研究。高雄師範大學工業科技教育學系博士論文，未出版，高雄市。
林妤苓(2011)。探討就業力與求職成功的關係-以適應力、職業認同、人力資本與社會資本為探討面向。國立中山大學人力資源管理研究所碩士論文。
林幸台、林恭煌、許永昌(2001)，生涯規劃，三民，台北。
林明地等譯(Wayne K. Hoy & Cecil G. Miskel著)(2006)。教育行政學理論研
林政耀(2007)。工作者低度就業認知與就業機會認知對於離職意圖之影響。國立高雄師範大學人力與知識管理研究所碩士論文，未出版，高雄市。
林修葳 & 謝振環 & 饒秀華(2007)。經濟學原理第四版，東華書局，台北市。
林純玉(2005)。旗山鎮居民觀光發展認知及參與態度之探討。逢甲大學都市計畫學系碩士班，未出版，台中市。
林財丁(1994)。業務人員心理學，書華，台北市。
林欽榮(1988)。管理心理學，五南，台北市。
林義叡(2007)。基本職能與就業力提升關聯性研究-以中部地區青少年為例。 私立大葉大學人力資源暨公共關係學系碩士論文，未出版，彰化縣。
俞啟定(1997)。教育學三百題，建安，台北。
孫維佑(2011)。高職實用技能學程學生自我概念、就業市場認知、學習滿意度與就業意願之相關研究-以雲嘉地區為例。國立雲林科技大學技職教育研究所碩士論文，未出版，雲林縣。
徐鳳翎(2007)。大專院校商管群學生赴大陸就業態度及其影響因素之研究。雲林科技大學技術及職業教育研究所碩士論文。
徐鳳翎、許玉玫、劉正雄(2008)。技專校院學生其人格特質與環境認知對大陸就業態度之研究。 興國學報，9，97-116。
秦夢群、莊清寶(2010)。大專生求學經歷與就業力關係。教育資料與研究(94)，85-112。
康榮民(2005)。組織變革認知，員工信任，壓力管理策略與工作態度關係之研究-以公部門為例。長榮大學經營管理研究所碩士論文。
張春興(1989)。張氏心理學辭典，東華，台北市。
張添洲(2007)。學習規劃與生涯發展，五南，台北。
張雅惠(2010)。4成求職者25萬人待業超過7個月企業怕怕。中廣新聞網，更新日期:2010/02/11 13:35。
教育部(2003)。技術及職業教育百科全書：技職教育通論。教育部，台北。
莊雪芳、鄭湧涇(2002)。國中學生對生物學的態度與相關變項之關係。科學教育學刊，10(1)，1-20。
陳丁銘(2013)。大學應屆畢業生海外就業準備度及意願之研究。樹德科技大學資訊管理系碩士班學位論文，1-73。
陳宇嘉(1993)。如何作生涯規劃。新使者，(16)，8-12。
陳芷沂(2006)。高齡者教師教學準備度量表建構之研究。國立中正大學高齡教 育研究所碩士論文。
陳曉瑩(2006)。高級職業學校輕度智能障礙學生尌業準備度之現況與相關因素 之研究。國立彰化師範大學復健諮商研究所碩士論文。
勞動部勞動力發展署(2019)。業務服務專區 取自(https://www.wda.gov.tw/Content_List.aspx?n=26A0B1DA6A0EBAA2)
彭若婷(2015)。移民女性職業訓練學習經驗，就業態度及就業力之探究。屏東科技大學技職教育研究所學位論文。
黃天中、洪英正(1992)。心理學，桂冠，台北。
黃坤祥、游皓瑋(2006)。高屏澎東地區原住民參與職業訓練就業輔導行為意向之探討。公共行政學報，21，1-37。
黃培文、張嘉文(2009)，大學應屆畢業生就業市場認知、社會支持與派遣工作就業意願關係之研究-以南台科大應屆畢業生為例。育英學報，創刊號，43-64。
黃章一、林佳玟、傅傳智、林淑慧、李宗仰(2012）。101年雲嘉南區青年就業幸福指數調查。行政院勞工委員會職業訓練局雲嘉南區就業服務中心，1-157。
黃曬莉、李茂興(1991)。組織行為: 管理心理學理論與實務，揚智，台北。
賀中慧(2012)。驗證運動選手就業準備行為模式，運動休閒管理學報,9(2)。源自：(192-201.김봉환(1997).대학생의 진로결정수준과 진로준비행동의 발달 및 이차원적 유형화, 박사, 서울대학교. 金鳳煥，1997。大學生職業決策水平和職業準備行為的發展與二維分類，首爾國立大學博士。) 以及(문선아(2001).불안과 성취동기가 대학생의 진로태도성숙과 진로준비행동에 미치는 영향. 한양대학교 교육대학원 석사학위논문. (Moon Seon Ah,2001)焦慮和成就動機對大學生職業態度成熟度和職業準備行為的影響。漢陽大學研究生院碩士學位論文。)
楊美維、何明泉(2009)。視覺傳達設計就業市場影響因素之研究。 設計學報 (Journal of Design)，10 (3)，1-19。
經濟日報(2019)失業統計取自(https://money.udn.com/money/story/5616/3608276)
葉至誠(2001)。職業社會學，五南，台北。
葉麗琴、陶淑瑗(2004)。從運動員認同該學生運動員生涯轉換的輔導。崇佑學報，10，199-216。
鄒金玉(2008)。就業態度與訓練對高雄縣原住民就業力提升影響之研究。國立高雄應用科技大學工業工程與管理系，未出版，高雄。
潘建華(2014)。成年初顯者生涯適應力、自我調節學習、尋職行為與成果之關聯。中國文化大學社會科學院勞工關係學系碩士論文，1-133。

賴銘娟(2004)。技職校院商管群學生創業態度及其影響因素之研究。雲林科技大學技術及職業教育研究所碩士論文。
職訓局-勞動力發展辭典(2013)。就業準備 取自(http://laborpedia.evta.gov.tw/link1.asp?did=D079&result=yes)
關永馨、齊隆鯤(2006)。大學生生涯成熟及其相關因素之研究：以中部某大學為例。教育科學期刊，6(2)，91-107。

二、英文文獻
Ajzen, I. (1985). From intentions to actions: A theory of planned behavior. In Action control (pp. 11-39). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Allport, G. W. (1935). Attitudes in CA Murchinson (Ed.) Handbook of social psychology. Clark University Press, Worchester, MA.
Allport, G. W. (1961). Pattern and growth in personality. New York: Holt Rinehart ＆Winston.
Barber, A. E., Daly, C. L., Giannantonio, C. M., & Phillips, J. M. (1994). Job search activities: An examination of changes over time. Personnel psychology, 47(4), 739-766.
Barber, A. E., Daly, C. L., Giannantonio, C. M., & Phillips, J. M. (1994). Job search activities: An examination of changes over time. Personnel psychology, 47(4), 739-766.
Benson, S. D., & Whittington, M. C. (1974). Job Readiness Posture Scales: A New Tool to Aid in Transition from Enrollee to Worker Status. ERIC Digest, (ERIC Publication Service, ED107700)
Benson, S. D., & Whittington, M. C. (1974). Job Readiness Posture Scales: A New Tool to Aid in Transition from Enrollee to Worker Status.
Beveridge, W. H., (1909). Unemployment: A Problem of Industry, London： Longmans, Green and Co.
Blau, G. (1994). Testing a two-dimension measure of job search behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 59, 288–312.
Boswell, W. R., Roehling, M. V., LePine, M. A., & Moynihan, L. M. (2003). Individual job‐choice decisions and the impact of job attributes and recruitment practices: A longitudinal field study. Human Resource Management: Published in Cooperation with the School of Business Administration, The University of Michigan and in alliance with the Society of Human Resources Management, 42(1), 23-37.
Brasher, E. E., & Chen, P. Y. (1999). Evaluation of success criteria in job search: A process perspective. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 72(1), 57-70.
Brief, A. P., & Weiss, H. M. (2002). Organizational behavior: Affect in the workplace. Annual review of psychology, 53(1), 279-307.
Crossley, C. D., & Highhouse, S. (2005). Relation of job search and choice process with subsequent satisfaction. Journal of Economic Psychology, 26(2), 255-268.
Crossley, C. D., & Stanton, J. M. (2005). Negative affect and job search: Further examination of the reverse causation hypothesis. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 66(3), 549-560.
Feintuch, A. (1955). Improving the employability and attitudes of" difficult-to-place" persons. Psychological Monographs: General and Applied, 69(7), 1.
Gardner, M. P. (1985). Mood states and consumer behavior: A critical review. Journal of Consumer research, 12(3), 281-300.
Gelatt, H. B. (1989). Positive uncertainty: A new decision-making framework for counseling. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 36(2), 252.
Ginzberg, E., Ginsburg, S. W., Axelrad, S., & Herma, J. L. (1951). Occupational choice. New York.
Harvey, L. (1999). Employability: Developing the relationship between higher education and employment. Quality in higher education, 1-14.
Harvey, L. (1999). Employability: developing the relationship between higher education and employment Opening presentation at the Fifth Quality in Higher Education 24-Hour Seminar. University of Central England in Birmingham.
Healy, C. C. (1982). Career development: Counseling through the life stages. Allyn & Bacon.
Hendrix, W. H., Steel, R. P., & Schultz, S. A. (1988). Job stress and life stress: Their causes and consequences. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 2(3), 291-302.
Herr, E. L., & Cramer, S. H. (1996). Career guidance and counseling through the life span (5th ed), Illinois: Scott & Foresman.
Hodgetts, R. M., & Altman, S. (1979). Organisational behaviour. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co.
Holland (1985). Making Vocational Choices: A Theory of Vocational Personalities& Work Environments. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
Jome, L. M., & Phillips, S. D. (2013). Interventions to aid job finding and choice implementation. In S.D. Brown & R.W. Lent (Eds.), Career Development and Counseling (2nd Ed.). 329-356. NY: Wiley.
Kanfer, R., Wanberg, C. R., & Kantrowitz, T. M. (2001). Job search and employment: A personality–motivational analysis and meta-analytic review. Journal of Applied psychology, 86(5), 837.
Kanfer, R., Wanberg, C. R., & Kantrowitz, T. M., 2001, “Job search and employment: A personality-motivational analysis and meta-analytic review”, Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(5), 837-855.
Koen, J., Klehe, U. C., Van Vianen, A. E., Zikic, J., & Nauta, A. (2010). Job-search strategies and reemployment quality: The impact of career adaptability. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 77(1), 126-139.
Kristof, A. L. (1996). Person‐organization fit: An integrative review of its conceptualizations, measurement, and implications. Personnel psychology, 49(1), 1-49.
Krumboltz, J. D. (1994). Improving career development theory from a social learning perspective. Convergence in career development theories, 9-31.
McClelland, D. C. (1953). The Achievement Motive. New York: ppletion-Century Grofs.
Meyer, J. P., Becker, T. E., & Vandenberghe, C. (2004). Employee commitment and motivation: a conceptual analysis and integrative model. Journal of applied psychology, 89(6), 991.
Mohanty, M. S. (2012). Effects of positive attitude and optimism on wage and employment: A double selection approach. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 41(3), 304-316.
Morris, J. H., & Sherman, J. D. (1981). Generalizability of an organizational commitment model. Academy of management Journal, 24(3), 512-526.
Peter, F. D. (1985). Innovation and entrepreneurship: practice and principles. Mooney, M., New YorN: Harper & Row, 268.
Pierce, J. L., Kostova, T., & Dirks, K. T. (2003). The state of psychological ownership: Integrating and extending a century of research. Review of general psychology, 7(1), 84.
Robbins, S. P. (1998). Organizational behavior: Concepts, controversies, and applications. Upper Saddle River. NI: Prentice Hall.
Rodgers, R. C., & Kandaswamy, S. (1982). Career Development and Employment Readiness Measures for Special Education.
Roger, J., 1998, Defining Employability, workshop summary, Conference on Employability convened by Hertfordshire TEC and supported by the European Commission’s ADAPT Program.
Rosenberg, M. J., & Hovland, C. I. (1966). Attitude organization and change: An analysis of consistency among attitude components.
Rothwell, A., & Arnold, J. (2007). Self-perceived employability: Development and validation of a scale. Personnel review, 36(1), 23-41.
Rotter, J. B. (1954). Social learning and clinical psychology.
Rotter,J.B.(1954). Social Learning and Clinical Psychology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Saks, A. M. (2005). Job search success: A review and integration of the predictors, behaviors, and outcomes. In S. Brown & R. Lent (Eds.), Career development and counseling: Putting t heory and research to work (pp. 155-179). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Saks, A. M. (2005). Job search success: A review and integration of the predictors, behaviors, and outcomes. Career development and counseling: Putting theory and research to work (2005): 155-179.
Saks, A. M. (2006). Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement. Journal of managerial psychology, 21(7), 600-619.
Saks, A. M., & Ashforth, B. E. (1997). A longitudinal investigation of the relationships between job information sources, applicant perceptions of fit, and work outcomes. Personnel psychology, 50(2), 395-426.
Saks, A. M., & Ashforth, B. E. (2002). Is job search related to employment quality? It all depends on the fit. Journal of applied Psychology, 87(4), 646.
Savickas, M. L.（1993）. Career in the post-modern era. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy: An International Quarterly, 7, 205-215.
Schiffman, L.G., & Kanuk ,L. L. (1994). Consumer Behavior (pp. 1-7). Prentice Hall Internation, Inc.
Schmit, M. J., Amel, E. L., & Ryan, A. M. (1993). Self‐reported assertive job‐seeking behaviors of minimally educated job hunters. Personnel Psychology, 46(1), 105-124.
Schwab, D., Rynes, S., & Aldag, R. (1987). Theories and research on job search and choice. In K. Rowland & G. Ferris (Eds.), Research in personnel and human resources management (Vol. 5, pp. 129–166). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Smith, P. C. (1969). The measurement of satisfaction in work and retirement: A strategy for the study of attitudes.
Steel,R.P.(2004). Job markets and turnover decisions. Innovative theory and empirical research on employee turnover (pp.73-82)
Steel,R.P., & Griffeth,R.W.(1989).The elusive relationship between perceived employment opportunity and turnover behavior: a methodological or conceptual artifact? Journal fo Applied Psychology, 74, 846-854.
Steers, R., & Black, J. (1994). Organization behavior. 5 th Edition.
Stevens, C. K., & Beach, L. R. (1995). Job search and job selection. In R Beach & P. Lee Roy (Eds.), Decision making in the workplace: A unified perspective (pp. 33-47). Hillsdale, Nj: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Stevens, C. K., & Turban, D. B. (2001). Impact of job seekers’ search strategies and tactics on search success. In annual conference of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology.
Stotland, E., Katz, D., & Patcshen, M. (1959). The reduction of prejudice through the arousal of self‐insight 1. Journal of Personality, 27(4), 507-531.
Super, D. E. (1953). A theory of vocational development. American psychologist, 8(5), 185.
Super, D. E. (1976). Career Education and the Meanin g of Work, Monographs on Career Education, Washington DC: The Office of Career Education, U. S. Office of Education.
Super, D. E. (1980). A life-span, life-space approach to career development. Journal of vocational behavior, 16(3), 282-298.
Thomas, W. I., & Znaniecki, F. (1918). The Polish Peasant in Europe and America. 1 vols. Boston: Badger.
Vance, R. J. (2006). Employee engagement and commitment: A guide to understanding, measuring and increasing engagement in your organization. SHRM Foundation.
Wanberg, C. R., Hough, L. M., & Song, Z. (2002). Predictive validity of a multidisciplinary model of reemployment success. Journal of applied psychology, 87(6), 1100-1120.
Wanberg, C. R., Kanfer, R., & Rotundo, M. (1999). Unemployed individuals: Motives, job-search competencies, and job-search constraints as predictors of job seeking and reemployment. Journal of Applied psychology, 84(6), 897.
Werbel, J. D. (2000). Relationships among career exploration, job search intensity, and jo Grofs
Zikic, J., & Klehe, U. C. (2006). Job loss as a blessing in disguise: The role of career exploration and career planning in predicting reemployment quality. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 69(3), 391-409.