臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近幾年來，科技業的事故頻傳，伴隨著是背後龐大的損失及家庭的破碎，為了減少這些意外的發生，製程中會產生化學品、有毒氣體的工廠中皆應該設置氣體偵測器。例如2014年發生在高雄市的多處嚴重氣爆災害，因氣體外洩時消防體系對洩漏的氣體完全無法辨識，以致於對情勢誤判而帶來後續的連環爆炸事件，進而造成了許多民眾傷亡。在此情況下，「可燃性氣體偵測器」扮演了警示的角色，能夠防止類似的案件再生。而為了讓儀器設備發揮最佳效能達到警示效果，一般設置地點可能為高溫高濕等較為嚴苛的作業環境，此時產品壽命及可靠度則至為重要，本計畫以一研公司生產之「可燃性氣體偵測器」為試驗對象，其目的是希望透過試驗瞭解產品失效模式，從而加強產品可靠度及平均壽命，使得相關人員能夠得到更大的安全保障。
本研究將結合一研企業有限公司(Gastor Enterprise Co., Ltd.,)/增誠科技有限公司(Environment Technology Company, ETC)，專業於工業安全及環保設備的軟硬體產品開發、設計及製造與國立高雄科技大學-工業工程與管理系，組成專案管理團隊及建構可靠度實驗室，專業於針對工業安全及環保設備試驗與評估，提供加速壽命試驗之驗證與評估、可靠度數據分析、改善建議、並建立失效報告與改正行動系統。
實驗將以可燃式氣體偵測器MODEL-8260恆定應力溫度及溫度循環，進行加速壽命試驗，建構可燃式氣體偵測器加速壽命試驗評估(Accelerated life testing)之流程與規範，估計與推論MODEL-8260在正常工作環境應力下之平均失效時間（Mean Time to Failure, MTTF）、保固期間可靠度 與失效函數 ; 確認失效根本原因(determine root causes)，完成偵測器MODEL-8260失效模式效應與關鍵性分析（Failure Mode and Effect Criticality Analysis, FMECA），其後依據實驗數據，建構可燃式氣體偵測器失效報告、分析與改正行動系統 (Failure Reporting and Corrective Action System, FRACAS)。
本研究可建構產業界產品加速壽命試驗評估、產品失效報告或分析與改正行動系統之流程，並可依據結果廣泛運用於當前產品製造領域、半導體、高科技、石化產業，提昇產品之可靠度。藉由計畫之執行，可建立業界與學術界之互動關係，使學校與教師從事與民間中小企業需求結合之研究計畫，提昇產業技術水準，並憑藉計畫之執行，增進學校師生技術研發之經驗與能力，增加廠商延攬研發人才之機會，參與之工作人員，可獲訓練並縮短進入職場之訓練期。
關鍵詞: 壽命試驗評估; 失效的根本原因; 平均失效時間(MTTF); 失效模式效應與關鍵性分析(FMECA); 失效報告分析與改正行動系統(FRACAS)

In recent years, accidents in the technology industry have happen frequently, accompanied by huge losses and broken families. In order to reduce the occurrence of these accidents, gas detectors should be installed in factories that produce chemicals and toxic gases in the process. For example, in 2014, many serious gas explosions occurred in Kaohsiung City. The gas system was completely unrecognizable to the leaked gas when the gas leaked, which led to a subsequent serial explosion caused by misjudgment of the situation, which caused many casualties. . In this case, the "flammable gas detector" plays a warning role to prevent similar cases from regenerating. In order to achieve the best performance of the instrument and equipment to achieve the warning effect, the general location may be high temperature, high humidity and other harsh operating environment, In this kind of situation, both life and reliability of the product is paramount importance. The test object of this project, "flammable gas detector", is produced by the Gastor Enterprise Co., Ltd.. The purpose of the test is to understand the product failure mode through testing, thereby enhancing product reliability and average life, so that relevant people can obtain greater safety security.
This industry-university cooperative project integrates with Gastor Enterprise Co., Ltd./ Environmental Technology Company (ETC) and the department of industrial engineering and management of National Kaohsiung University of science and technology (NKUST-IE&M), form a project management team and establish a reliability laboratory. The Gastor excels developing, designing and manufacturing software and hardware products for industrial safety and environmental protection equipment. We provide our expertise in the methodologies of the accelerated-life test, reliability data analysis, improvement recommendations, and establishment of failure reporting and corrective action systems for verifying and validating the industrial safety and environmental protection equipment.
In this collaboration, we first outline the accelerated life testing (ALT) standard process and specification for the MODEL-8260 flammable gas detector (FGD) and perform ALT with constant stress temperatures and thermal cycles for the FDG. Based on the ALT experiment data, we estimate the mean time to failure (MTTF), reliability and failure rate for the MODEL-8260 under the normal working environment. Then, we investigate the FDG root cause of failure, where the failure mode and effect criticality analysis (FMECA) is also executed. Finally, we constructed the failure reporting and corrective action system (FRACAS) for the FGD.
The results of this study can be widely used in current product manufacturing, semiconductor, high-tech, petrochemical industries to improve product reliability. Through the implementation of the plan, the interactions between industry and academia can be well established so that schools and teachers can engage in research projects that combine the needs of private SMEs, improve the technical level of the industry, and enhance the technology of teachers and students by virtue of the implementation of the plan. This established collaboration will increase the opportunities for manufacturers to recruit talents, and shorten the training process when entering the workplace.
Keyword: Accelerated life testing; Root cause of failure; mean time to failure; failure mode and effect criticality analysis; failure reporting and corrective action system

摘要 ii
Abstract iv
誌謝 vi
目錄 vii
表目錄 x
圖目錄 xi
壹、緒論 1
一、研究背景與動機 1
二、研究目的 2
三、研究範圍與限制 3
四、研究架構 4
（一）研究架構 4
（二）研究章節的安排 5
貳、文獻回顧 7
一、專案管理 7
（一）專案管理發展 7
（二）專案管理方法 7
（三）專案管理流程 8
（四）小結 10
二、可靠度 11
（一）可靠度理論 11
（二）加速壽命試驗 11
（三）固定應力加速壽命試驗 12
（四）熱應力 12
（五）加速壽命計算 14
參、研究方法 19
一、專案管理 19
（一）專案組織成員 19
（二）專案組織(OBS) 20
（三）專案結構(WBS) 21
（四）任務工作分派結構(RAM) 22
（五）專案進度規劃 23
（六）資源規劃 25
二、可靠度 35
（一）試驗產品規格與研究架構 35
（二）定溫加速壽命試驗使用模式與方法-Arrhenius模式 41
（三）試驗流程-加速壽命實驗 43
（四）失效模式、效應與關鍵性分析(FMECA) 44
（五）壽命失效報告，分析與改正行動系統(FRACAS) 46
（六）計畫執行預定時程表 48
肆、實證分析 49
一、知識管理 49
二、專案績效的部分 49
三、專案管理對可靠度試驗統計分析報表 52
（一）專案分析 52
（二）專案資源分析 53
（三）專案工時分析 56
（四）專案現金成本分析 58
（五）專案任務分析 65
四、實驗結果數據分析: 69
伍、結論與建議 75
一、結論 75
二、建議 77
參考文獻 78
附錄 82

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