臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

華盛頓公約（CITES）於2016年第17屆締約國會議將平滑白眼鮫（Carcharhinus falciformis）列入附錄二名單，本鯊種經常被鮪延繩釣漁業混獲，印度洋鮪類委員會（IOTC）認為平滑白眼鮫資源可能有過度捕撈的風險，因此將其列為重點的評估對象。無危害評估（Non-Detriment Findings, NDFs）為華盛頓公約在2013年第16屆締約國大會決議之內容，決議中聲明：「欲進行附錄二或非商業性附錄一物種貿易時，經過出口國的評估為正向後始得出口，表示這樣的出口不會危害到該物種的生存」，使得無危害評估為進行CITES附錄物種貿易時必要之出口證明文件。本研究參考國內、外NDFs執行經驗，蒐集平滑白眼鮫相關參數指標，利用國際野生物貿易調查委員會（TRAFFIC）與德國聯邦自然保育署（BfN）共同開發之電子試算表e-NDF，進行平滑白眼鮫無危害評估之分析，判定結果為「有條件NDFs」。為確保平滑白眼鮫貿易得以永續，因此，本研究建議藉由設立專屬貨品代碼、特定物種的管理措施、總容許漁獲量等方式，來改善目前的管理與監控方式。

Silky shark (Carcharhinus falciformis) was listed in Appendix II of CITES at the 17th Conference of the Parties in 2016. This shark is commonly caught as bycatch by tuna longline fishery, and has been seriously concerned by Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC) for its fishery resource management due to its population decline. Non-Detriment Findings (NDFs) is the key concept established in CITES’s Resolution Conference 16.7 (Rev. CoP16) in 2013, which claimed that, “export permits for specimens of species included in Appendices I and II shall be granted only when a Scientific Authority of the State of export has advised that such export will not be detrimental to the survival of the species”. NDFs becomes the essential scientific document for export states. Based on the experience from other countries, the electronic spreadsheet (e-NDF) developed by TRAFFIC and the German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN) was implemented in this study for NDFs-assessment of silky sharks in the Indian Ocean. The results of analysis showed that the silky shark NDF is positive with conditions. To ensure the trade is sustainable, this study suggest to establish CCC code, specific species measures, or total allowable catch as recommendations for improvement.

中文摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 III
目錄 IV
表目錄 VII
圖目錄 VIII
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景 1
第二節 研究目的 9
第三節 研究流程 10
第四節 本論文之架構 10
第二章 文獻回顧 13
第一節 德國NDFs實踐經驗 13
第二節 澳洲NDFs實踐經驗 18
第三節 日本NDFs實踐經驗 20
第四節 斯里蘭卡NDFs實踐經驗 24
第五節 臺灣NDFs實踐經驗 26
第六節 印度洋海域歷年來各國平滑白眼鮫漁獲量 30
第三章 研究方法 33
第一節 文獻分析法 33
第二節 電子化無危害評估（e-NDF）判定法 34
一、初步考慮（步驟一） 37
二、既有生物易危性及保育關注程度（步驟二） 37
三、物種承受的壓力（步驟三） 47
四、評估現存的管理措施（步驟四） 54
五、進行NDFs判定（步驟五） 54
六、進一步措施（步驟六） 56
第四章 結果與討論 57
第一節 初步考慮、既有生物易危性及保育關注程度 57
一、初步考慮 57
二、既有生物易危性及保育關注程度 58
第二節 物種承受的壓力、現存的管理措施 67
一、物種承受的壓力 67
二、現存的管理措施 71
第三節 NDFs判定結果、進一步措施 76
一、NDFs判定結果 76
二、進一步措施 78
第四節 各國執行NDFs之判定結果的分析 80
第五章 結論與建議 85
第一節 結論 85
第二節 建議 86
一、對印度洋海域平滑白眼鮫無危害評估後之漁業管理措施改善建議 86
二、對我國漁政單位之建議 87
三、對我國貿易主管機關之建議 88
參考文獻 89
中文文獻 89
外文文獻 90
網路文獻 95
附錄一　我國國貿局現行鯊魚相關貨品分類號列表 97

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