臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

家畜飼糧原料中之黴菌毒素（Mycotoxins）汙染將影響家畜之生長、繁殖性能及其他生理現象，且玉米赤黴烯酮（Zearalenone, ZEA）、嘔吐毒素（Deoxynivalenol, DON）及黃麴毒素（Aflatoxin B1, AFB1）確實廣泛存在於飼料原料中。然而豬採食遭黴菌毒素汙染飼料後對其生理影響之試驗雖已有研究，但迄今針對黴菌毒素在豬卵母細胞成熟（in vitro maturation, IVM）及胚體外培養（in vitro culture, IVC）階段之毒素效應尚未釐清，亦多以單一毒素進行探討。因此本研究以豬卵母細胞作為試驗材料，並將各種黴菌毒素之各別及組合濃度固定於1 μM，探討α-ZOL、DON、AFB1等3種毒素之各別培養及相互組合於IVM、IVC階段及IVC不同培養階段添加對豬卵母細胞孤雌激活後發育能力之影響。在IVM階段培養之結果顯示，α-ZOL、DON及AFB1組卵母細胞之成熟率（65.7、59.1 and 52.4%）及孤雌激活後之囊胚率（17.9、14.0 and 4.8%）均顯著（p < 0.05）低於不含黴菌毒素之陽性（成熟率：71.9%；囊胚率：40.5%）及陰性（0.1% DMSO組）（成熟率：70.1%；囊胚率：38.3%），且AFB1組卵母細胞之成熟率及囊胚率最低，且均顯著（p < 0.05）低於其他各組。在IVM階段不同黴菌毒素組合之試驗中也發現，當IVM培養液中添加AFB1時，其對卵母細胞之成熟率及囊胚率之負面影響最大。在IVC階段之培養結果顯示，α-ZOL組之囊胚率（8.0 %）顯著（p < 0.05）低於陽性（45.0%）及陰性（46.7%）對照組，而DON及AFB1組則均無囊胚發育（0.0%）。在IVC階段之不同黴菌毒素組合試驗中則顯示，Z+D+A組之囊胚率（23.3%）均顯著（p < 0.05）低於陽性（41.7%）陰性（45.8%）對照組，但Z+D+A組之囊胚率（23.3%）則顯著（p < 0.05）高於Z+D（7.5%）、D+A（6.7%）及A+Z（6.7%）組。在IVC階段中之不同培養階段之結果顯示，於開始培養之第1－2日添加之α-ZOL（Z-1+2組，23.0%）、 DON（D-1+2組，20.3%）及AFB1（A-1+2組，18.0%）組之囊胚率均顯著（p < 0.05）低於該胚在開始培養之第3－4日添加組（Z-3+4組：43.5%； D-3+4組：34.2%；A-3+4：33.8%）。在IVC階段中不同培養階段之不同黴菌毒素組合試驗中亦發現，不論黴菌毒素之組合為何，於開始培養第1－2日添加組（5.0－14.1）之囊胚率均顯著（p < 0.05）低於開始培養第3－4日添加組（19.6－27.2%）。綜合上述結果說明，不論於IVM或IVC階段，培養液中添加α-ZOL、DON及AFB1等黴菌毒素均降低豬卵母細胞及胚之發育能力，且尤以AFB1對胚之毒性效應最大，而在IVC階段於胚發育阻滯期前（開始培養第1－2日）之添加將更行降低囊胚率。

Mycotoxins in feeds result in lots of financial loss in animal industry, which renders a reduction in feed intake and growth. Zearalenone（ZEA）and deoxynivalenol（DON）are widely found in feed of livestock and aflatoxin B1（AFB1）has been demonstrated that effects livestock the most serious in various reports. Previous studies have shown that ZEA, DON, and AFB1 affecting on animal reproduction, but most research have focused on assessing the harmful effects of single mycotoxin on the oocyte maturation stage. However, the toxin mechanism of the developmental on porcine oocytes when exposed to different mycotoxins simultaneously has not been clarified. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the mycotoxin combination of α-ZOL, DON and AFB1 will be explored in vitro maturation（IVM）stage, in vitro culture（IVC）stage and different in vitro culture stages on the development of parthenogenetic porcine embryos. The in vitro maturation（IVM）stage shows that the maturation rate（65.7, 59.1 and 52.4%）and blastocyst rate（17.9, 14.0 and 4.8%） of 1 μM α-zearalenol, deoxynivalenol and aflatoxin B1 were significantly lower（p < 0.05） than the positive control group（71.9 and 40.5%） and negative（0.1% DMSO） control group（70.1 and 38.3%） while the AFB1 group cause the lowest maturation rate and blastocyst rate. The IVM stage with different mycotoxin combination also demonstrate that the group with AFB1 causing the most harmful effects on porcine embryo. In IVC stage, the blastocyst rate（8.0 %） of α-ZOL group has a significantly lower（p < 0.05） than the positive control group（45.0%） and negative control group（46.7%） while there is no blastocyst were observed in DON and group. The IVC stage with different mycotoxin combination also shows that the blastocyst rate（23.3%） of Z+D+A was significantly lower（p < 0.05） than the positive control group（41.7%） and negative control group（45.8%）, but significantly higher（p < 0.05） than the Z+D（7.5%）、D+A（6.7%） and A+Z（6.7%） group. In the different IVC stage demonstrated that the culture medium on day 1－2 supplemented with α-ZOL, DON and AFB1 sharing a significantly lower（p < 0.05） blastocyst rate（23.0, 20.3 and 18.0%） than the group with mycotoxin on day 3－4（43.5, 34.2 and 33.8%）. Similarly in the different IVC stage with different mycotoxins combination, the groups with mycotoxins on day 1－2 have a significantly（p < 0.05） lower blastocyst rate（5.0－14.1%） than the groups with mycotoxins on day 3－4（19.6－27.2%）. In conclusion, the medium which are supplemented with α-ZOL、DON and AFB1 may reduce the development on porcine oocytes and embryos in IVM and IVC stage especially with AFB1. It was found that the mycotoxins cause an inferior negative effect on the blastocyst rate prior to the block stage.

中文摘要..........................................................................................................II
Abstract...........................................................................................................IV
目 錄...........................................................................................................VII
圖表目錄.........................................................................................................VI
壹、前言.............................................................................................................1
貳、文獻回顧.....................................................................................................3
一、黴菌毒素之概述...............................................................................3
二、玉米赤黴烯酮（Zearalenone, ZEA）...................................................4
三、嘔吐毒素（deoxynivalenol, DON）......................................................7
四、黃麴毒素（aflatoxin）.....................................................................9
參、試驗研究.................................................................................................11
一、材料方法.........................................................................................11
二、結果...................................................................................................23
三、討論...................................................................................................34
四、結論...................................................................................................40
肆、參考文獻...................................................................................................41
伍、作者簡介...................................................................................................54
表1、豬胚體外培養液（pZM-3）成分表.....................................................22
表2、體外成熟培養液中添加1 μMα-ZOL、DON及AFB1對豬卵母細胞成熟及後續發育能力之影響 ...........................................................28
表3、體外成熟培養液中添加1 μM Z+D、D+A、A+Z及Z+A+D對豬卵母細胞成熟及後續發育能力之影響.................................................29
表4、體外培養液中添加1 μM α-ZOL、DON及AFB1對豬卵母細胞成熟及後續發育能力之影響.....................................................................30
表5、體外培養液中添加1 μM Z+D、D+A、A+Z及Z+A+D對豬卵母細胞成熟及後續發育能力之影響.........................................................31
表6、不同體外成熟階段培養液中添加1 μMα-ZOL、DON及AFB1對豬卵母細胞成熟及後續發育...............................................................32
表7、不同體外成熟階段培養液中添加1 μM Z+D、D+A、A+Z及Z+A+D對豬卵母細胞成熟及後續發育.........................................................33

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