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研究生:郭庭豪
研究生(外文):Guo, Ting-Hao
論文名稱:復育不同海岸濕地類型對生物多樣性影響之探討
論文名稱(外文):The Effects of Restoring Multiple Types of Wetlands on Biodiversity
指導教授:王一匡
指導教授(外文):Wang, Yi-Kuang
口試委員:方偉達黃大駿
口試委員(外文):Fang, Wei-TaHuang, Da-Ji
口試日期:2019-07-11
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立臺南大學
系所名稱:生態暨環境資源學系環境生態碩士班
學門:環境保護學門
學類:環境資源學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2019
畢業學年度:107
語文別:中文
論文頁數:90
中文關鍵詞:濕地復育生物多樣性棲地異質性濕地類型感潮濕地蘆葦濕地暫時性濕地
外文關鍵詞:wetland restorationbiodiversityhabitat heterogeneitywetland typetidal wetlandreed wetlandtemporary wetland
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近年來濕地復育逐漸受到人們所重視,這是為了恢復過去因人類發展而消失的自然濕地,以恢復其生態系統服務與生物多樣性。以往復育濕地時會增加濕地的異質性,然而較少研究探討是否能以復育多種濕地類型增加物種多樣性。本研究中臺南大學七股校區的濕地復育最初時期是透過增加部份濕地的水文條件並中止魚塭運作,然後經過約十年左右的自然演替形成多種類型的濕地。本研究目的在於探討復育多類型濕地對於濕地生物多樣性的影響,並瞭解不同類型濕地之間生物多樣性與環境因子的差異。於2016年10月至2017年8月每季一次在臺南大學七股西校區中三個不同類型濕地(蘆葦、暫時性、感潮)進行魚蝦蟹類、鳥類、底棲無脊椎動物等生物調查以及水質、底質和植被調查。結果顯示不同類型濕地之間的環境條件不同,溶氧、pH、總磷在秋季和夏季時期有顯著差異,而在整年度下,平均鹽度、水深以及底泥組成亦有顯著差異,蘆葦濕地的平均水深最高,感潮濕地的平均鹽度最高且底質含水量與有機質含量較高。蘆葦濕地的主要植被是蘆葦,暫時性濕地則是鹽地鼠尾粟,而感潮濕地是以海茄冬為主。在各生物類群的調查中發現,在不同類型濕地中有獨特物種(獨特種類),並且不同類型濕地之間的生物群聚組成不同。不同季節中,濕地在多類型的情況下,總物種數(總種類數)都會高於單一類型濕地的總物種數(總種類數),而濕地的β多樣性也是在多類型的情況下高於單一類型。這顯示復育多類型濕地是有助於增加整體濕地的生物多樣性。
In recent years, wetland restoration has been valued gradually by people. Its purpose is to restore the ecosystem services and biodiversity of the natural wetlands that modified by human development, of wetlands. In the past, restoring wetlands often emphasize on increasing wetland heterogeneity. However, it has seldom been studied whether species diversity can be increased by restoring diverse types of wetlands. In this study, the wetlands at the Qigu Campus of NUTN was restored by increasing the hydrological conditions of wetlands and ceasing the operations of the fish farms. After about 10 years of natural succession, the wetland of various habitat types. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of restoring diverse wetlands on wetland biodiversity and to understand the differences in communities and environmental factors between different types of the wetlands. Three different types (reed, temporary, and tidal) of wetlands were survayed, for fish, shrimp, crabs, birds, benthic invertebrates, water quality, sediment, and vegetation once every season from October 2016 to August 2017. The results showed that the environmental conditions differed among the different types of wetlands. The dissolved oxygen, pH and total phosphorus significantly differed in autumn and summer. During the whole year, the average salinity, the average water depth and sediment composition also significantly differed. The average water depth of the reed wetland was the highest, whereas the average salinity, water content of the substrate and organic matter of the tidal wetland was the highest. The main vegetation of the reed wetland was Phragmites australis, and the temporary wetland was Sporobolus virginicus, while the tidal wetland was Avicennia marina. There were species appeared only in specific type of wetlands. Biological community composition between the wetlands of different types differed.. In each seasons, the total number of species (total taxa) of all wetlands was higher than the number of species (total taxa) in any single type of wetlands, the beta diversity of wetlands was also higher among 3 types of wetlands. In summary showed, restoring diverse types of wetlands may increase the overall biodiversity of the overall.
摘要
ABSTRACT
誌謝
目錄
表目錄
圖目錄
第壹章 前言
第貳章 文獻回顧
第一節 濕地定義與分類
第二節 濕地的環境因子與群聚組成
第參章 研究方法
第一節 研究地區
一、研究地點
二、氣候概述
第二節 實驗設計
一、樣區選擇與概述
二、調查項目與時間
第三節 調查方法
一、魚蝦蟹類調查
二、鳥類調查
三、底棲無脊椎動物調查
四、植物調查
五、底質採樣與分析
六、水質及水深調查
第四節 資料分析方法
一、環境資料分析
二、生物資料分析
三、與現有魚塭的鳥類資料比較
第肆章 結果
第一節 濕地環境
一、濕地水文環境
二、濕地底質環境
第二節 濕地生物多樣性
一、濕地植物
二、生物調查結果
三、不同類型濕地的群聚組成差異
四、平均物種數(平均種類數)
五、總物種數(總種類數)
六、β多樣性指數
七、Shannon多樣性指數
八、獨特物種數(獨特種類數)
九、指標物種
第三節 生物群聚組成與濕地環境因子之間的關係
第四節 研究樣區與東魚塭的鳥類物種多樣性之比較
第伍章 討論
第一節 不同類型濕地的環境因子差異
第二節 濕地類型、環境因子與生物群聚組成
第三節 季節與面積對於生物多樣性的影響
第四節 復育多類型濕地是否會增加生物多樣性
第陸章 結論
第柒章 參考文獻
附錄一 同類型濕地的環境因子差異

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