臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

地下水位的觀測資料可以顯示水文循環反應、降雨補注及地下水含水層系統水文地質特性等，因此在進行地下水補注量推估時，需先了解地下水位洩降退水變動的行為表現，及其不同深度變動的情況是否與地層水力特性具連動特性，對建立適當之地下水補注推估模式有很大幫助，尤其研究的目標地質環境為山區地層時更加需要。因為降雨入滲山區岩層地下水補注過程中，受裂隙岩體本身存在許多複雜構造及岩性差異，會影響補注時間快慢或是補注量之多寡，因此本研究旨在發展發展降雨入滲至山區地層環境之地下水補注量估算技術，研究重點在進行山區地層組成特性與地下水退水率之間關聯性研究，以建構兩者之間關係式，並結合適當地層滲透性推估模式建立退水率經驗公式，協助提升地下水補注量計算之速度，且模式同時兼顧反應出地下水系統在山區地質環境內在屬性變化的退水行為。
本研究從臺灣中部山區流域蒐集到20口山區長期之地下水位資料，觀測時間3至8年，以此資料初步建置每個觀測站地下水補注量推估模式。此外，透過實際分析資料證實每口井不同深度地層之地質條件主控退水發生速率，並藉此提出裂隙岩體(HPF)滲透性指標推估模式，量化計算估算退水區段之地層滲透性，同時，獲得具高度相關性之退水率與滲透性指標經驗公式，達到地下水補注量計算加速之目的。最後，本研究比較新發展之補注量推估方法與平原區傳統做法之推估結果差異，顯示如以平原區採用乾季所得之退水斜率作為代表性斜率值，應用至其他豐水期的補注事件，補注量會產生低估情況發生，尤其在山區地質變異較大的地質環境常遇到。

Groundwater monitoring data reveal response of hydrological cycle, rainfall-recharge processes, and hydrogeologic characteristics of groundwater aquifers. Prior to quantitatively estimating groundwater recharge, groundwater recession behavior and correlations between recession rates varying with depths and aquifer hydraulic properties must be understood. This is beneficial to developing a more realistic estimation model for groundwater recharge, which is particularly important in study areas where recharge occurs in the formation of mountainous areas. Since groundwater recharge to regolith-fractured rock aquifers dominates by lithology and fracture properties, this may affect the duration and amount of recharge. Thus, this study is to develop groundwater recharge estimation techniques within regolith and fractured rock formations. The main point of this research is to conduct correlation studies between fractured rock properties and recession rates. Meanwhile, the above study outcome incorporated into two rock mass permeability index systems is capable of developing empirical models for estimating recession rates which can help speed up groundwater recharge calculation and obtain actual recession behaviors in response to intrinsic properties of regolith-fractured rock aquifers.
This study collected groundwater monitoring data from 20 wells located in the mountain basin in central Taiwan. The maximum monitoring data applied here lasts for eight years; the least period is three years. Based on these groundwater data, the groundwater recharge estimation model for each well has been developed. Besides, this study confirmed that geological conditions varied with depths controlled recession rates. Subsequently, the rock mass permeability index systems (HPF) that can quantitatively estimate hydraulic properties for recession periods were proposed. Meanwhile, the study obtained an empirical model of recession rate versus permeability index with a high correlation for each well. This outcome can meet the objective of helping ease groundwater recharge calculation. Finally, a comparison between the proposed method and the traditional method, which used the recession rate occurred in the dry season as a representative recession rate, has been conducted. The result indicated the traditional approach underestimated groundwater recharge amount because the typical recession rate is not applicable to actual recession behaviors occurred in the wet season. In particular, computational differences frequently appear in complex geological environments.

目錄
摘要 I
Abstract II
目錄 III
圖目錄 V
表目錄 VI
第一章 前言 1
1.1研究背景 1
1.2研究動機 1
1.3研究目的 2
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2.1 地下水退水行為特性分析 3
2.2裂隙岩體地下水補注量推估 4
2.3 岩體滲透性推估經驗公式 5
2.4 小結 6
第三章 研究方法 7
3.1 地下水退水區段劃定 7
3.2 裂隙岩體滲透潛勢指標 10
3.2.1 裂隙岩體滲透潛勢指標組成因子及評分標準 10
3.2.2 裂隙岩體滲透潛勢指標 15
3.3 裂隙岩體滲透潛勢指標與退水率之關聯性分析 15
第四章 研究成果與討論 16
4.1 模式發展所蒐集相關資料描述 16
4.1.1 研究區域概述 16
4.1.2 地下水位 20
4.1.3 雨量 20
4.2 降雨補注對水位之影響時長 25
4.3 退水率與裂隙岩體組構關係 28
4.3.1 退水率 28
4.3.2 裂隙岩體滲透性潛勢值 30
4.3.3 地下水退水行為預測模式 30
4.4 模式運用 32
第五章 結論與建議 35
5.1 結論 35
5.2建議 36
參考文獻 37
附錄ㄧ 地下水位歷線與降雨量分布圖 41
附錄二 退水線分布圖 48
附錄三 各深度代表性退水率 53
附錄四 退水率隨深度分布圖 58
附錄五 裂隙岩體滲透潛勢值總表 63
附錄六 關聯性分析成果 68
附錄七 退水段岩心照片 77
附錄八 補注高度計算表 84
附錄九 地下水位歷線分析圖 87

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