本文使用 ANSYS 建立了一套以有限元素法模擬巨積混凝土早齡期溫度場的方法。由於國內既往之巨積混凝土工程往往忽略最高心溫與心表溫差對巨積混凝土構件於養護初期以及長齡期下的劣化影響，或是常以分層施工等方式避免溫度裂縫的產生，但卻衍伸出更多力學性質改變的問題，因此應該回歸至巨積混凝土的配比上重新檢討，從降低配比的水化熱出發，始可有效解決巨積混凝土可能產生之問題。
透過絕熱溫升試驗結果來預測混凝土早期水化反應速率，並以成熟度法推導出可同時考慮齡期及溫度效應之混凝土單位體積生熱率，將其設定為模型中的可隨齡期及溫度修正的熱荷載，另外由於巨積混凝土構件內各部分水化程度並不均勻，所以將混凝土的熱傳性質設定為水化度的函數，在每一步階重新計算水化度，以得到更接近真實混凝土水化反應的模型。
以長寬高為 4m×3m×3m 之實尺寸現地試體作為模擬對象，比對模擬結果與監測結果後，確認模型的正確性，再代入透過試驗及計算得到台灣常見巨積混凝土配比之參數進行模擬與分析，建立一個可供工程師設計巨積混凝土配比的參考資料表。

In this paper, ANSYS is used to establish a method for simulating the early age temperature field of the mass concrete by finite element method. Due to the fact that the previous mass concrete projects in Taiwan usually ignore the deterioration effect of the maximum center temperature and the center-surface temperature difference on the mass concrete members during early-curing age and long-term period, they often avoid the occurrence of temperature cracks by layering construction, etc. However, there are more problems in the change of mechanical properties. Therefore, it should be re-examined to the concrete design. Starting from the reduction of hydration heat of the concrete design, it can effectively solve the issues that may occur in the mass concrete.
The early hydration reaction rate of concrete is predicted by the adiabatic temperature rise test results, and the heat generation rate of the concrete is derived by the maturity method which can simultaneously consider the age and temperature effect, which is set as age-and-temperature-corrected thermal load in the model. Besides, the hydration degree of each part of the mass concrete members is not uniform, so all the thermal properties of the concrete are set as a function of the degree of hydration, and the degree of hydration will be recalculated at each time step to obtain a model that is closer to the real concrete hydration behavior.
The test piece with the size of 4m×3m×3m is used as the simulation object. After comparing the simulation and measurement results, the correctness of the model is confirmed, and then the parameters of the common concrete designs in Taiwan obtained through the tests and calculations will be input to the model for the simulation and analysis. Therefore, a reference sheet for engineers to design mass concrete will be established.

誌謝 I
摘要 II
ABSTRACT III
表目錄 V
圖目錄 V
第一章、 緒論 14
1.1. 研究動機 14
1.2. 研究目的 15
1.3. 研究範圍與內容 16
第二章、 文獻回顧 17
2.1. 材料介紹 17
2.1.1 卜特蘭水泥 17
2.1.2 卜特蘭水泥的組成 18
2.2. 卜作嵐材料 19
2.2.1 水淬高爐爐碴粉 20
2.2.2 飛灰 21
2.3. 巨積混凝土特性 21
2.3.1 巨積混凝土定義 24
2.3.2 巨積混凝土熱應力理論 25
2.3.3 巨積混凝土熱應力種類 26
2.4. 混凝土水化熱 27
2.4.1 影響混凝土水化熱之膠結材料因子 27
2.4.2 影響混凝土水化熱之膠結材料細度因子 35
2.4.3 影響混凝土水化熱之膠結材料用量影響因子 36
2.4.4 影響混凝土水化熱之水膠比影響因子 38
2.4.5 影響混凝土水化熱之新拌溫度影響因子 39
2.5. 混凝土水化度 41
2.5.1 水化度定義 41
2.5.2 水化度之量測方法 42
2.5.3 極限水化度 42
2.5.4 成熟度法(Maturity Method) 45
2.5.5 計算成熟度 47
2.5.6 表徵活化能 48
2.6. 混凝土熱傳導性質 51
2.6.1 熱傳導係數 51
2.6.2 比熱 55
2.6.3 硬固中混凝土熱學性質 55
2.7. 巨積混凝土溫升預測模式 56
2.7.1 Schmidt Method 56
2.7.2 PCA Method 60
2.7.3 Graphical Method of ACI 207.2R 61
第三章、 混凝土性質與試驗 64
3.1. 膠結料之物化性質 64
3.2. 混凝土配比設計 65
3.3. 混凝土新拌性質試驗 67
3.3.1 新拌性質試驗方法 67
3.3.2 新拌性質試驗結果 68
3.4. 混凝土基本力學性質試驗 70
3.4.1 基本力學試驗方法 70
3.4.2 基本力學試驗結果 70
3.5. 混凝土熱擴散係數試驗 73
3.5.1 熱擴散係數試驗方法 73
3.5.2 熱擴散係數試驗結果 74
3.6. 混凝土絕熱溫升試驗 79
3.6.1 絕熱溫升試驗原理及方法 79
3.6.2 絕熱溫升試驗結果 81
3.7. 混凝土比熱及單位重計算 91
3.7.1 比熱及單位重計算方法 91
3.7.2 比熱及單位重計算結果 93
3.8. 混凝土水化度成長曲線 94
3.8.1 各配比水化度成長曲線計算方法 94
3.8.2 極限水化度計算方法 98
3.8.3 各配比水化度成長曲線計算結果 104
3.9. 混凝土水化度與熱傳性質之關係 111
3.9.1 熱傳性質計算方法 111
3.9.2 各配比熱傳性質計算結果 113
第四章、 分析計畫與方法 114
4.1. 分析計畫背景 114
4.2. 實尺寸試體試驗 117
4.2.1 試體規劃與施作 117
4.2.2 現地混凝土溫度量測 122
4.3. 溫度場分析程序 125
4.4. 溫度場有限元素分析 128
4.4.1 有限元素分析假設 128
4.4.2 定義元素種類 129
4.4.3 材料性質設定 129
4.4.4 幾何模型建立 130
4.4.5 劃分元素網格與時間步階 132
4.4.6 定義分析類型 133
4.4.7 初始條件、邊界條件設定 134
4.4.8 水化熱生熱率 138
4.4.9 APDL語言二次開發 148
4.5. 溫度場分析之變因探討 149
第五章、 分析結果與討論 151
5.1. 溫度場分析結果 151
5.1.1 實體模型早齡期溫度模擬結果 151
5.1.2 早齡期心表溫差 158
5.1.3 降雨對溫度模擬結果之影響 163
5.2. 溫度場內部變因分析結果 164
5.2.1 不同水泥種類結果 164
5.2.2 不同飛灰取代率影響結果 168
5.2.3 不同爐碴粉取代率影響結果 177
5.2.4 不同水膠比影響結果 185
5.2.5 相同取代率下爐碴粉取代與爐灰取代影響結果 193
5.3. 溫度場外部變因分析結果 194
5.3.1 不同環境溫度在飛灰配比之影響結果 195
5.3.2 不同環境溫度在爐碴粉配比之影響結果 204
5.3.3 不同環境溫度在不同水膠比爐灰配比之影響結果 214
5.3.4 不同環境溫度在相同取代率之爐碴粉、爐灰配比影響結果 223
5.4. 台灣巨積混凝土配比模擬結果 224
第六章、 結論與建議 227
6.1. 結論 227
6.2. 建議 229
參考文獻 230
附錄A、清水營造巨積混凝土現地資料 237
附錄B、台灣巨積混凝土配比溫度場模擬所需參數 245

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