臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

基本上，文化是人類思想對環境的一種表現。視覺傳達設計不僅是一門可以滿足工業需求的學科，而且如果使用適當的方法，它則可以成為一種保護文化的可持續發展方式。然而，當下对文化與設計之間的相互關係的共识上，僅僅將文化作為一種設計元素，而不是一種有利於社區的方式。本研究認為，為了保護文化，應該對產品和社區兩個方面進行公平地探索。本研究通過描述性定性和定量的研究方法進行評估，將文化轉化為有效的市場價值，為當地文化社區帶來有效的經濟效益。本研究亦認為，為了探索文化並使其更為適應當今的市場細分，需要一種公平的方式來呈現當地人亦能受益的理念。因而，本研究使用MAP-S模型，該模型代表“方法指導”、“實際應用”和“技術實踐”。希望該模型能為多元的印度尼西亞文化建立更為適用的模式，為當地社區帶來公平利益，從而促進印度尼西亞創意產業的發展。本研究以Malangan面具為例，期望通過設計師（產品創意發生器）、繼承者（價值資源）和當地社區（支持勞動力）之間的合作，促使旅遊商品產品對本土社區產生積極影響。

Basically, culture is a manifestation of human thought in response to their envi-ronment. The science of visual communication design is not only science to fulfill the needs of industry, but with the proper method, it could be a way of sustaina-bility in preserving culture. The correlation between culture and design tends to put culture only as a design element rather than a way to uplift its community. This research argues that to preserve culture, fair exploration should be taken in both ways, of product and community. Using descriptive qualitative research with quantitative research to evaluate, this research expected to turn culture into gold mining that gives an economic impact to the local cultural community. To explore the culture and make it more adaptive to today market segmentation, a fairness method is required to embody the idea of benefiting local people. This research will use the MAP-S model which stands for “Method guidance”, “Practical Appli-cation”, and “technical Practice”. The model is expected to be a proper model to explore Indonesian culture which has a lot of various cultures to deliver a fairness benefit for the local community which in line with the growth of the creative in-dustry in Indonesia. This study will use Malangan mask as a case study and ex-pected to design collaboration between the designer (as the product idea genera-tor), inheritors (value resource), and local community (supporting labor) to make tourism commodity product and give a positive impact to local.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I
ABSTRACT (CHINESE) II
ABSTRACT III
TABLE OF CONTENT V
LIST OF FIGURE VIII
LIST OF TABLE XI

Chapter One: Introduction 1
1.1 Current Situation 1
1.2 Statement of Problem 2
1.3 Purpose of Research 4
1.4 Research Question 5
1.5 Theoretical Framework 5
1.6 Hypothesis 6
1.7 Significance of Research 6
1.8 Limitation of Research 7
1.9 Definition of Terms 9
1.10 Summary 10

Chapter Two: Literature Review 11
2. 1 Malangan Mask 11
2. 1.1 Malangan Mask Character 12
2. 1.2 Malangan Mask Dance 13
2. 1.3 Local Community 15
2. 2 Cultural Transformation 16
2.3 Trend of Preserving Culture by Design 20
2.4 Fair Exploration in Cultural Preservation 22
2.5 Design for Cultural Community 24
2.6 Summary 27

Chapter Three: Application Method 28
3.1 Application Design Method 28
3.2 Physical Level of Transformation 30
3.3 Behavioural Level of Transformation 33
3.4 Spiritual Level of Transformation 37
3.5 Summary 41

Chapter Four: Evaluation Method 42
4.1 Questionnaire design 42
4.2 Instrumentation 42
4.2.1 Group Question One 42
4.2.2 Group Question Two 43
4.2.3 Group Question Three 43
4.2.4 Group Question Four 44
4.3 Participant 45
4.4 Validity 45
4.5 Reliability 46
4.6 Data collection procedure 46
4.7 Data analysis 47
4.8 Summary 47

Chapter Five: Data Analysis 49
5.1 Expectation Outcome 49
5.2 Data Result in Design Process 50
5.2.1 Data Result in General Design Process 52
5.2.2 Data Result in Physical Design Level 53
5.2.2 Data Result in Behavioural Design Level 54
5.2.2 Data Result in Spiritual Design Level 55
5.3 Data Result in Empowering Local 56
5.4 Data Result in Business Potential 56
5.4.1 Data Result in Business by Gender in Respond Hypothesis 1 57
5.4.1 Data Result in Business by Age in Respond Hypothesis 2 60
5.4.1 Data Result in Business by Region in Respond Hypothesis 3 63
5.5 Multi Dimension Scale 65
5.6 Finding and Reconsideration 67
5.6.1 Finding and Reconsideration in Design Process 67
5.6.1 Finding and Reconsideration in Involving Local 68
5.6.1 Finding and Reconsideration in Business Potential 68
5.7 Summary 69

Chapter Six: Conclusion and Recommendation 71
6.1 Conclusion 71
6.2 Recommendation 73
6.3 Closing statement 74

REFERENCE 75

APENDIX I English Version of Online Questionnaire 79
APENDIX II Chinese Version of Online Questionnaire 80
APENDIX III Indonesian Version of Online Questionnaire 81

1.Anderson, BR. (1973). Notes on contemporary Indonesian political communi-cation. Indonesia. Oct 1:39- 80.
2.Armayuda, E. (2016). Pendekatan Gaya Visual Topeng Malangan sebagai Adaptasi Dalam Perancangan Karakter Virtual. Jurnal Desain, volume 3(03), 175-188
3.Armayuda, E., Lin, PH., Lin, R. (2018). Research Model for Traditional Board Game Renaissance. In: Rau PL. (eds) Cross-Cultural Design. Applications in Cul-tural Heritage, Creativity and Social Development. CCD 2018. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 10912. Springer, Cham
4.Armayuda, E., Kurniawan, O., Lin, R., (2018) Research model in ergonomic for product design process in behavioural manipulation. 7 th International Ergo-nomics Conference Ergonomics 2018 – Emphasis on Wellbeing. 33-43.
5.Badan Ekonomi Kreatif Indonesia - BEKRAF. (n.d.). Tonggak Baru Ekonomi Kreatif Indonesia. Retrieved April 23, 2019, from http://www.bekraf.go.id/profil
6.B. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.bps.go.id/news/2015/11/18/127/mengulik-data-suku-di-indonesia.html
7.Brown, Tim., Wyat, J. (2010). Design thinking for social innovation. Stanford Social Innovation Review Winter. STANFORD. Graduate School of Business
8.Bermen, D. (2008). Do Good Design: How Designer Can Change The World. Design and Culture, 2(3), pp. 360–361
9.Chiou, WK., Armayuda, E., Gao, Y., Lin, R. (2018). New Approach to Design in Cultural Society from ABCDE to FGHIJ. In: Rau PL. (eds) Cross-Cultural De-sign. Applications in Cultural Heritage, Creativity and Social Development. CCD 2018. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 10912. Springer, Cham
10.Haryanto, S., Yoserizal, Y. (2015). Analisis Swot Sebagai Dasar Perumusan Strategi Pemasaran Pada Kerajinan Topeng Malangan, Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Teknik - Sistem , Vol. 11 No. 3 (71-77)
11.Hidajat, Robby. 2011. Refleksi Konsep Macapat pada Karakteristik Penokohan Wayang Topeng Malang. Jurnal Seni dan Budaya Gelar. Vol. 9, No. 2.
12.Hidajat, Robby. 2011. Wayang Topeng Malang: Kajian Struktural Simbolis Seni Pertunjukan Tradisional di Malang Jawa Timur. Malang: Gantar Gumelar.
13.Hidajat, R. (2014). Function and Making Process of Mask in Malang, East Ja-va. Dinamika Kerajinan dan Batik, Vol.31., No.1
14.Hidajat, R. (2018). Artistic Transformation of Malang Mask Puppet: From a Stage to another. Sch. J. Arts. Humanit. Soc. Sci., Jan 2018; 6(1D): 219-224
15.HSU, C.H., CHANG, S.H., Lin, Rungtai. (2012).a Design Strategy For Turning Local Culture Into Global Market. International Journal of Affective Enginering, Vol. 12, No.2, pp.275-283. Japan Society of Kansain Enginering.
16.Human centered design: Toolkit. (2009). Palo Alto?: IDEO.
17.Kamal, M. (2010). Wayang Topeng Malangan: Sebuah Kajian Historis Sosiolo-gis. Resital. Vol.8 No. 1.,54-63.
18.Khamadi., Sihombing, R. M., Ahmad, H.A. (2013). Perancangan Konsep Adaptasi Permainan Tradisional Bas-Basan Sepur dalam Permainan Digital "Amukti Palapa". Wimba: Jurnal komunikasi dan multimedia. Vol. 5 No. 2
19.Koentjaraningrat. (2000). Pengantar Ilmu Antropologi. Jakarta : Rineka Cipta Agus M. Hardjana. (2003). Komunikasi intrapersonal & Komunikasi Interpersonal. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Kanisius.
20.Liliweri, A.: Gatra-gatra komunikasi antar budaya. Yogyakarta: PT. LKiS Pelangi Aksara (2002)
21.Lin, PH., Tseng, JH., Lin, PC. (2014) A Study of Applying Sakizaya Tribe’s Palamal (The Fire God Ritual) into Cultural Creative Products Design. In: Rau P.L.P. (eds) Cross-Cultural Design. CCD 2014. Lecture Notes in Computer Sci-ence, vol 8528. Springer, Cham
22.Lin, R., Sun. M.X., Chang, Y.P., Chan, Y.C., Hsieh, Y.C., Huang, Y.C.,(2007). Designing "Culture" into Modern Product -- A Case Study of Cultur-al Product Design. In: Conference Paper DOI:10.1007/978-3-54--7328-7_19. DBLP
23.Lin, R., Hsieh, H.Y. Sun, M.X., Gao, Y.J. (2016): From ideality to Reality- a Case Study of Mondarian Style. In: Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2016, . pp. 365-376
24.Lin, R., (2007). Transforming Taiwan Aboriginal Cultural Features into Modern Product Design: A Case Study of a Cross-Cultural Product Design Model. International Journal of Design, 1 (2), 45-53
25.Lin, R. (2012). A Discourse on the Construction of a Service Innovation Mod-el: Focus on the Cultural and Creative Industry Park. In: E-Business - Application and Global Acceptance, Prof. Princely Ifinedo (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-51-0081-2, InTech, Available from: https://goo.gl/Jygpwz
26.Lin, R., Chen. C.T. (2012). A discourse on the construction of a service innovation model: focus on the cultural and creative industry park. In: Ifinedo, P. (ed.) E-BUSINESS-Application and Global Acceptance, pp. 119-136. Croatia, InTech
27.Lin, R., (2007). Transforming Taiwan Aboriginal Cultural Features into Modern Product Design: A Case Study of a Cross-Cultural Product Design Model. International Journal of Design, 1 (2), 45-53
28.Lin, R., Kreifeldt, J., Hung, P.-H., Chen, J.-L. (2015). From Dechnology to Humart - a case study of Taiwan Design development. In: Rau, P. (ed.) CCD 2015. LNCS, vol. 9181, pp. 263-273. Springer, Heidelberg.
29.Lin, R., Hsieh, H.-Y., Sun, M.-X., Gao, Y.-J. (2016). From Ideality to Reality- a case study of mondarian style. In:Rau, P.-L.P. CCD2016 LNCS, pp. 365-376, Switzerland.
30.Lin, R., Li, H. L. & Wu, J. (2018). Cross-cultural Communication in Design Collaboration: From SAD to CHEER. In International Conference on Cross-Cultural Design. Springer, Cham. (to be publish in.
31.Lin, R., et al. Acculturation in Human Culture Interaction - A Case Study of Culture Meaning in Cultural Product Design. Ergonomics Int J 2018, 2(1): 000135.
32.Manuaba, Ida Bagus Putera, Adi Setijowati &Puji Karyanto. (2013), Keberadaan dan Bentuk Transformasi Cerita Panji, dalam Jurnal Penelitian Baha-sa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya (LITERA), Volume 12, Nomor 1, April 2013, ISSN 1412-2596.
33.Melany, S., (2015). Tari Topeng Malangan Sebagai Alternatif Wisata Budaya Di Kota Malang. Jurnal Hospitality dan Pariwisata. Vol 1.
34.Minarto, S. W., (2008). Struktur Simbolik Tari Topeng Patih Pada Pertunjukan Dramatari Wayang Topeng Malang Di Dusun Kedungmonggo Desa Karangpan-dan Kecamatan Pakisaji Kabupaten Malang. Tesis. UNNES.
35.Nirwana, Aditya. (2016). Kajian estetik topeng malangan (studi kasus di sang-gar asmorobangun, desa kedungmonggo, kec. Pakisaji, kab. Malang). Imaji. 13. 10.21831/imaji.v13i2.7881.
36.Norman, Donald. (2002). Emotional Design. New York: Basic Books
37.Papanek, Victor. (1971). Design for the Real World: Human Ecology and So-cial Change, New York, Pantheon Books.
38.Pirous, A.D.: The story of visual communication design. Youtube: 8:50/10:00. Amphibi studio: https://goo.gl/95gj5R
39.Pratamawati, E.W.S.D., (2016), Malang Mask Puppet Presentation Structure Arrangement of the Story Rabine Panji as Cultural Tourism Commodity in Malang Regency East Java, HARMONIA : Journal of Arts Research and Education 16 (1), 66-74, DOI: 10.15294/harmonia.v16i1.6021
40.Ruastiti, N. M., (2011), The concept of Local Genius in Baliness Performing Arts, MUDRA: Journal of Arts and Culture, v26(3), 241-245.doi: http://repo.isi-dps.ac.id/1697/1/994-3666-2-PB.pdf
41.Soedarsono, 1997. Wayang Wong: Dramatari Ritual Kenegaran di Keraton Yogyakarta. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.
42.Supriyanto, H. & M.S. Adi Pramono. 1997. Dramatari Wayang Topeng Ma-lang. Malang: Padepokan Seni Mangun Dharmo.
43.Walizer, M. H., & Wienir, P. L. (1978). Research methods and analysis: searching for relationships. New York: Harper & Row