臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

微電網主要組成包括分散式電源、儲能設備、電力轉換器、交/直流負載、監控設備及保護裝置。而微電網會因分散式電源的間歇發電特性與運轉模式之不同等因素，導致電力潮流與故障電流大小及方向不固定，因此傳統輻射式的非方向性過電流保護方案已經無法滿足微電網之保護要求，能隨微電網結構與狀態進行調整之調適保護是最佳之選擇。
本論文建置一套整合智慧型電子裝置(IED)、IEC 61850通訊標準及監控平台(SCADA)之微電網保護管理系統(PMS)。利用IED量測之電壓、電流及開關狀態等系統資訊，透過IEC 61850通訊協定回傳至SCADA。保護協調應用IEC 61850之GOOSE機制與IED內部邏輯規劃，於IED間傳遞跳脫與閉鎖訊號，達成併網、匯流排、線路與後備保護。並應用IED群組設定(Setting Group)功能，以滿足微電網狀態多變的特性。但因目前商用IED群組設定數量上的限制，無法針對微電網所有可能之運轉狀態與條件進行相應之群組設定規劃。為解決此問題，本文透過集群分析(Clustering)技術將微電網運轉狀態分為若干集群，而IED群組設定依據集群進行規劃，其結果作為IED群組設定之依據。PMS具有隨微電網運轉狀態而自我調適之能力，可根據SCADA所匯集之微電網運轉資訊，判斷IED是否需要變更群組設定。
核研所微電網為本論文用來探討與驗證之範例系統，藉助ETAP電力系統分析軟體進行案例模擬。結果表明PMS在不同的微電網運轉情境下，依規畫皆可選擇IED適當之群組設定，達到微電網全面保護之目的。

The composition of the microgrid includes distributed generator, energy storage devices, power converters, AC/DC loads, monitoring equipment, and protection devices. However, due to the intermittent power generation characteristics and operation modes of the distributed generator. The power flow and fault current of microgrid will not be fixed in the magnitude and direction. Therefore, the traditional radiant single overcurrent protection scheme cannot meet the protection requirements of the microgrid.
This paper builds a Protection Management System (PMS) that integrates intelligent electronic devices (IED), IEC 61850 communication standards and SCADA monitoring platforms. Microgrid system information such as voltage, current and switching status measured by IED is transmitted back to SCADA via IEC 61850 communication protocol. The protection coordination uses the GOOSE mechanism of IEC 61850 and the internal logic planning of the IED to transmit the trip and block signals among the IEDs. To achieve grid-connect, bus, line and backup protection.This paper uses the IED Setting Group function to meet the changing characteristics of the microgrid. However, due to the limitation of the number of IED setting group. It is impossible to plan the setting group for all operating states of the microgrid. In order to solve the limitation of the number of IED setting group. This paper uses clustering to divide the microgrid operating state into several clusters, and the IED setting group can be planned according to these clusters. The clustering result can be use to set the IED setting group. The PMS can determine whether the IED needs to change the protection group based on the SCADA microgrid operation information. And through the logical node of the IED to transmit the signal of the change group setting. Let the PMS has the ability to self-adjust with the operating state of the microgrid.
This paper uses the microgrid of Institute of Nuclear Energy Research as an example system, the ETAP power system analysis software is used for simulation analysis. The verification results show that the PMS can select the appropriate setting group of the IED in different microgrid operation scenarios to achieve the goal of microgrid protection.

目錄
中文摘要 I
Abstract III
誌謝 V
目錄 VII
圖目錄 XI
表目錄 XV
第一章　緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 文獻探討 1
1.3 研究方法 3
1.4 論文架構 4
第二章　微電網發展現況 5
2.1 前言 5
2.2 國外 5
2.2.1 美國 5
2.2.2 歐洲 7
2.2.3 日本 10
2.3 國內 12
2.3.1 台電綜研所微電網 12
2.3.2 核能研究所微電網 14
2.3.3 澎湖智慧電網 16
2.4 微電網保護策略探討 18
2.4.1 美國CERTS微電網 18
2.4.1.1 微電網系統架構 18
2.4.1.2 保護方式介紹 19
2.4.1.3 故障電流分析 21
2.4.1.4 保護參數設定 22
2.4.2 芬蘭Hailuoto島微電網 23
2.4.2.1 微電網系統架構 23
2.4.2.2 保護方式介紹 24
2.4.2.3 故障電流分析 25
2.4.2.4 保護參數設定 26
2.5 微電網保護策略比較與改善 28
2.6 本章小結 29
第三章　基於群組設定之微電網保護管理系統 31
3.1 前言 31
3.2 微電網保護管理系統架構 32
3.2.1 智慧型電子裝置 33
3.2.2 IEC 61850通訊協定 35
3.2.3 SCADA 40
3.3 微電網保護管理系統建置 42
3.3.1 微電網拓樸分析 43
3.3.2 IED保護參數設定 47
3.3.3 IED群組設定功能 49
3.3.4 IED保護邏輯規劃與GOOSE傳遞設定 50
3.4 本章小結 58
第四章　應用集群分析於IED群組設定調適分析 59
4.1 前言 59
4.2 核研所微電網系統架構 59
4.3 核研所微電網系統參數 60
4.4 集群分析 64
4.4.1 K-means原理 65
4.4.2 K-means步驟 66
4.4.3 K-means範例 69
4.5 應用集群分析於IED群組設定 71
4.5.1 分析流程 71
4.5.2 集群分析結果 72
4.6 本章小結 82
第五章　IED群組設定調適分析案例規劃 83
5.1 前言 83
5.2 範例系統 83
5.3 範例系統情境規劃 85
5.4 案例結果與分析 86
5.4.1 情境1 86
5.4.2 情境2 93
5.4.3 情境3 99
5.4.4 情境4 106
5.5 本章小結 113
第六章　結論與未來研究方向 115
6.1 結論 115
6.2 未來研究方向 116
參考文獻 117

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