臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

印尼學生英語聽力困難與聽力策略運用之研究
學生：Tri Oktaviani Br Bagariang 指導教授：鄧慧君博士
應用外語所
國立台灣科技大學

摘要
聽力技巧是外語學習的基礎。然而，它被認為是最難學習的語言技能。因此，迫切需要對英語學習者的聽力困難及其策略運用進行研究。目前已經有許多對於外語聽力困難和策略使用的相關研究。然而，大多數研究都針對大學生，對於印尼高中生的相關研究卻很少。因此，本研究旨在探討印尼高中學生對於英文的聽力困難和聽力策略。此外，本研究更探討了英文能力較好與較差學生的聽力困難和聽力策略使用之差異。
150名來自印尼西部一所私立高中的學生參與這項研究。研究員會先測試這些學生的英語聽力，並依據測試結果將它們劃分為成績較好與較不好兩個組別。這項聽力測驗同時能讓學生對他們的英文聽力困難與策略運用進行反思。本研究並採用問卷調查與半結構性訪談的方式來了解學生學習英文聽力時所遇到的困難及其使用之聽力策略。結果顯示，研究對象遇到的英語聽力問題主要在於句子的複雜性、單詞識別、說話者的語速、注意力不集中以及環境狀況。研究也指出，英文程度較差的印尼高中生比英文程度較好的學生面臨更多注意力相關的問題。此外，認知策略是所有學生最常使用的策略類型。他們通常能夠掌握關鍵字並持續專注於聽力內容。而在注意力和筆記方面，英文程度較好與較差學生之間存在顯著差異。研究結果指出，英文程度較好的學生能夠控制他們的注意力，像是略過困難的句子或問題並繼續聽接下來的內容。此外，他們也採用了筆記策略。本研究結果希望能對印尼的英文教師有所幫助，特別是高中的英文老師，讓他們更加了解學生英文聽力的困難，從而提高他們的聽力教學表現，並可以依據學生的需求調整他們的教學方法。老師還需要向學生介紹如何有效地使用聽力策略來解決他們在英文聽力中遇到的困難。最後，本研究提出研究限制和對未來研究的建議。

關鍵字：英語聽力教學，聽力困難，聽力策略，印尼學生

A Study of EFL Listening Difficulties and Listening Strategy Use of Indonesian Learners
Student: Tri Oktaviani Br Bagariang Advisor: Dr. Huei-Chun Teng
Department of Applied Foreign Languages
National Taiwan University of Science and Technology

ABSTRACT
Listening skill is the fundamental part in foreign language learning. However, it is perceived as the most difficult language skill. Thus, there are urgent needs to conduct research on EFL learners’ listening difficulties and their strategy use. A number of studies related to foreign language listening difficulties and strategy use has been conducted. However, most of the studies focused on university students. Related studies that focused on Indonesian senior high school students are scarce. Therefore, this study aims to explore the listening difficulties and strategy use of EFL senior high school learners in Indonesia. Besides, this study investigated the differences of listening difficulties and listening strategy use between more proficient and less proficient EFL students.
One hundred and fifty students in a private senior high school in western part of Indonesia participated in this study. They were divided into two groups, more proficient and less proficient groups, based on their scores on an English listening test given by the researcher. The listening test was also used to stimulate the participant’s reflection on their listening difficulties and strategies. Furthermore, questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were adopted to obtain the students’ perceptions toward their English listening difficulties and strategy use. The results revealed that the major problem that the participants encountered were the complexity of the sentence, word recognition, speaker’s speech rate, poor concentration, and environmental situation. It was also found that less proficient participants faced more problems related to concentration compared to more proficient ones. Furthermore, cognitive strategy was reported as the most preferred strategy type for all participants. They commonly grasped keywords and kept paying attention to listening input. Significant differences were found between more proficient and less proficient participants in terms of concentration and note-taking. It was found that the more proficient participants could control their concentration like skipping difficult sentences or questions and continue listening. Moreover, they employed note-taking strategies. It is hoped that the results of this study can help EFL teachers in Indonesia particularly senior high school teachers to be aware of their students’ listening difficulties so that they can enhance their teaching performance and may adjust their teaching methods based on the students’ needs. Teachers also need to introduce students how to use strategies effectively to cope with their listening difficulties. Finally, the limitations of the study and suggestions for future studies were presented.

Keywords: EFL listening, listening difficulties, listening strategy, Indonesian learners

TABLE OF CONTENTS


摘要 iii
ABSTRACT v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ix
LIST OF TABLES xi
LIST OF FIGURES xiii
CHAPTER ONE 1
Background of the Study 1
Purpose of the Study & Research Questions 2
Significance of the Study 3
Definition of Key Terms 3
Outline of the Study 4
CHAPTER TWO 6
Introduction to Listening Theories 6
Definitions of L2 Listening Comprehension 7
Process of Listening Comprehension 8
Overview of Listening Difficulties 10
Factors Affecting Listening Comprehension 10
Related Studies of Second Language Listening Difficulties 12
Overview of Listening Strategies 16
Related Studies on Second Language Listening Strategies 17
Summary 20
CHAPTER THREE 22
Participants 22
Instruments 22
English Listening test 23
Questionnaire 23
Interview 25
Data Collection Procedures 25
Data Analysis 27
Pilot Study 28
CHAPTER FOUR 29
The perceptions of Indonesian Learners on Their EFL Listening Difficulties 29
The perceptions of Indonesian Learners on Their EFL Listening Strategy Use 34
The Differences of EFL Listening Difficulties between More Proficient and Less Proficient Students 36
The Difference of EFL Listening Strategy Use between More Proficient and Less Proficient Students 43
Results of the Interview 48
CHAPTER FIVE 52
Summary of the Study 52
Discussion of the Results 53
Implications of the Study 58
Limitations and Suggestions for Future Research 60
Conclusion 60
REFERENCES 62
APPENDIX A 66
APPENDIX B 72
APPENDIX C 76
APPENDIX D 81
APPENDIX E 82
APPENDIX F 83

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