臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究提出遠端智慧監控插座，以溫度感測模組結合固態繼電器(SSR)開關機制，及透過Raspberry Pi伺服器達到遠端監控，實現控制電器(燈泡、熱水壺等)所輸出電功率及監測環境溫度變化。
使用者可透過網頁設定理想溫度，系統量測實際溫度，使用比例-積分-微分控制器(Proportional Integral and Derivative control，PID)及脈衝寬度調變(Pulse Width Modulation，PWM)演算法控制插座輸出之電量，讓量測之實際溫度趨近理想溫度，以達到降低電損耗及延長電器壽命。節點裝置使用感測器量測溫度，其資料透過ESP8266模組傳輸於伺服器端，伺服器端可顯示所有節點的量測數據，並描繪出曲線圖，讓使用者了解即時溫度及電力結果。

This study proposes a remote intelligent monitoring socket, with a temperature sensing module combined with a solid state relay (SSR) switching mechanism, and remote monitoring through the Raspberry Pi server to achieve output power and monitoring of control appliances (light bulbs, hot water bottles, etc.) Ambient temperature changes.
The user can set the ideal temperature through the webpage, the system measures the actual temperature, and uses the Proportional Integral and Derivative Control (PID) and the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) to control the power output of the socket. This causes the temperature to approach the ideal set point to reduce electrical losses and extend the life of the appliance.
The node device uses the sensor to measure the temperature, and the data is transmitted to the server through the ESP8266 module. The server can display the measurement data of all nodes and draw a graph to let the user know the instantaneous temperature and power results.

目錄
中文摘要 ..................................................................i
英文摘要 .................................................................ii
目錄 ................................................................iii
圖目錄 ..................................................................v
表目錄 ................................................................vii
第一章 緒論 ..........................................................1
1.1 前言 ..........................................................1
1.2 研究背景與動機 ..................................................2
1.3 研究方法 ..........................................................3
1.4 文章架構 ..........................................................3
第二章 智慧插座元件及套件介紹 ..........................................5
2.1 電源供應 ..........................................................8
2.2 Wi-Fi網路通訊模組 .................................................11
2.3 MCU微控制器 .........................................................14
2.4 Raspberry Pi 樹莓派 .................................................15
2.5 溫度偵測電路 .........................................................17
第三章 脈衝寬度調變(Pulse Width Modulation) .........................20
3.1 PWM原理介紹 .........................................................20
3.2固態繼電器 .........................................................23
第四章 比例-積分-微分控制器(Proportional Integral and Derivative Control) .24
4.1 PID比例積分微分控制原理介紹 .........................................24
4.2 PID參數整定方法參考 .................................................28
4.3 輸出限制器 .........................................................29
4.4 專家PID控制 .........................................................30
第五章 系統實作 .........................................................33
5.1 系統架構 .........................................................33
5.2 使用者介面 .........................................................35
第六章 實驗結果與討論 .................................................37
6.1 實驗結果-數位式PID與數位式PID含限制器比較 .........................37
6.2 實驗結果-專家PID控制含限制器 .........................................39
6.3結果比較圖 .........................................................42
6.3.1 專家式PID與數位式PID控制於各溫度之響應圖 .........................42
6.3.2兩控制器於設定溫度40度之結果比較 .................................43
6.3.3兩控制器於設定溫度50度之結果比較 .................................44
6.3.4兩控制器於設定溫度60度之結果比較 .................................45
6.3.5兩控制器於設定溫度70度之結果比較 .................................46
第七章 結論與未來展望 .................................................47
7.1 結論 .........................................................47
7.2未來展望 .........................................................47
參考文獻 .................................................................49
誌謝 .................................................................55

 
圖目錄
圖1.1 論文研究與製作流程圖 ..........................................3
圖2.1系統架構示意圖 ..................................................5
圖2.2雲端系統架構圖 ..................................................6
圖2.3電源供應器電路圖 ..................................................8
圖2.4電源供應流程圖 ..................................................9
圖2.5 AC/DC變壓器實體 ..................................................9
圖2.6電解電容 .........................................................10
圖2.7 AMS1117-3.3V穩壓器 .................................................10
圖2.8 ESP8266晶片 .................................................11
圖2.9 PIC16F690 .........................................................14
圖2.10 Raspberry Pi .................................................15
圖2.11 DS18B20防水型溫度感測模組 .........................................17
圖2.12溫度偵測電路 .................................................18
圖3.1脈衝寬度調變示意圖 .................................................21
圖3.2 PWM佔空比示意圖 .................................................21
圖3.3 PWM佔空比與升降溫示意圖 .........................................22
圖3.4 50%佔空比輸出的電訊號 .........................................22
圖3.5固態繼電器(KC2025AX) .........................................23
圖3.6固態繼電器電路圖 .................................................23
圖4.1 PID控制系統結構 .................................................24
圖4.2比例積分控制器響應圖 .................................................25
圖4.3比例微分控制器響應圖 .................................................26
圖4.4數位PID程式流程圖 .................................................28
圖4.5具限制器之數位PID流程圖 .........................................30
圖4.6專家PID控制系統架構圖 .........................................31
圖5.1系統硬體架構圖 .................................................33
圖5.2雲端架構圖 .........................................................33
圖5.3 Raspberry Pi環境之程式流程圖 .................................34
圖5.4物聯網微功率智慧開關於溫度監控系統 .................................35
圖5.5使用者的操作介面 .................................................35
圖5.6數位式PID溫度控制系統頁面 .........................................36
圖6.1數位式PID控制輸出之量測溫度響應圖 .................................37
圖6.2數位式PID具限制器控制輸出之量測溫度響應圖 .........................38
圖6.3兩控制器之量測溫度響應圖之比較 .................................38
圖6.4專家式PID控制輸出之量測溫度響應圖 .................................40
圖6.5數位式與專家式控制器之量測溫度響應圖之比較 .........................41
圖6.6專家式PID控制系統溫度(40度-70度，初始溫度為27度)之響應圖 .........42
圖6.7數位式PID控制系統溫度(40度-70度，初始溫度為27度)之響應圖 .........42
圖6.8數位式PID與專家式PID控制系統溫度響應40度之比較圖 .................43
圖6.9數位式PID與專家式PID控制系統溫度響應50度比較圖 .........................44
圖6.10數位式PID與專家式PID控制系統溫度響應60度比較圖 .................45
圖6.11數位式PID與專家式PID控制系統溫度響應70度比較圖 .................46

 
表目錄
表2.1硬體元件表 ..........................................................7
表2.2 AC電源的優點 ..................................................8
表2.3 AMS1117穩壓器的特點 .........................................11
表2.4 ESP8266的特徵 .................................................12
表2.5 AT command 指令表 .................................................13
表2.6 PIC微控制器特點 .................................................14
表2.7 Raspberry Pi產品詳細硬體規格 .................................16
表6.1兩控制器之溫度輸出響應規格比較 .................................39
表6.2數位式與專家式控制器之溫度輸出響應規格比較 .........................41
表6.3兩控制器之溫度40度輸出響應規格比較 .................................43
表6.4兩控制器之溫度50度輸出響應規格比較 .................................44
表6.5兩控制器之溫度60度輸出響應規格比較 .................................45
表6.6兩控制器之溫度70度輸出響應規格比較 .................................46

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http://xn----ctbgeuhdtdb2b.xn--p1ai/cfiles/market/2932/1446015689.pdf (2019/07/21)
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