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Traditional-Classroom Learning(TCL) and Multimedia-Video Learning(MVL) are the two most commonly used teaching methods nowadays in Taiwan. But researchers indicated that TCL is not a kind of teaching methods which children prefer, on the contrast Problem-Based Learning(PBL) gets a higher discussion. Following the trend, educators have been starting to imitate and construct this model in an elementary school class. It finds that PBL has grown to maturity in practice in the university design field, but it is still in experimenting stage in the elementary school class. To achieve an educational purpose, it is believed that curriculum practice and substantial methods will take a lead to the interaction between teachers and students in a class. So the study hopes to find effective ways and methods by which children become happier while learning.
Since dogs are the largest number of pets in our country, the study chooses dogs as an important topic of life education. Although dogs have become people’s best friends, companion animal and had got the name like son or daughter, fur-kids…etc, there are still a lot of stray dogs. According to reports, not only stray dogs but also pet dags would attack people. Every year, there are approximately twenty thousand medical cases that humans are bitten by dogs, in which the elder people and children are in the majority. This fact also causes the study to question “Taiwanese people are lacking basic cognition to dogs or not.” Moreover, using TCL, MVL and PBL teaching methods for an elementary school class to carry out a cross-comparison experiment.
In this study, data collection, observational method, action research, and survey techniques are conducted. The experimental subject is G2 students, and a three-times test is planned for pre-test, post-test 1 and post-test 2 respectively. The pre-test focuses on “G2 Students’ degrees of basic cognition to dogs”. The curriculum issues are divided into four parts, “how to get with dogs safely,” “how to judge dogs’ emotion,” “the information of stray dogs,” and “the right attitude of petting dogs.” The study purposes are: 1) The practice and achievement of teaching models. 2) The G2 Students’ degrees of basic cognition to dogs and teaching models preferences. 3) Students’ degrees of basic cognition learning outcome for short-term memory when using teaching models of PBL, MVL, TCL. 4) Students’ learning outcome for long-term memory when using teaching models of PBL, MVL, TCL. 5) To analyze the relation between teaching models preference and learning effectiveness.
The results can be divided into three phases and be described as following, Pre-test:.
Pre-test:
G2 Students’ are lack of cognition to dogs, and it is proved that the implement of life education lessons about dogs has a certain importance to them, making children gain the related knowledge; in the meantime, the proportion of children being attacked by dogs is declined. By taking lessons, we can change the children’s fear of unfamiliarity with dogs and thus contribute to children’s physical and mental development.
Post-test (1):
The best teaching model for short-term memory is Group TCL. Group PBL is in the worst performance, the reason is that G2 Students’ are still not familiar with it. Therefore, Group PBL gets low learning effectiveness.
Post-test (2):
The best teaching model for long-term memory is Group MVL. But it finds that the long-term memory effect of Group PBL increased the most.
Finally, according to the results, the Study submits the following suggestions: 1) The age of experimental subject can be moved up to G4~6 Students or junior high students for the related study. 2) Taking different topics. 3) Educators can match any two models with each other in use for teaching and raise more fun in class. This is a reference for elementary education in the future.
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