臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

微米顆粒(Micronparticles)與次微米顆粒(Submicronparticles)常潛在於水體環境中，然而目前這些環境顆粒之特性仍一無所知，且受到各界關注。因此本研究主要分為兩大部分，分別為環境中奈米顆粒及實驗室配製之標準二氧化矽奈米顆粒溶液。環境顆粒是採集台中地區烏溪流域之放流水，並篩選出其中之微奈米顆粒後，進行凝聚與吸附特性之分析，並與標準顆粒之凝聚特性做比較。本研究方法是利用動態光散射儀(Dynamic Light Scattering, DLS)、總有機碳分析儀 (Total Organic Carbon Analyzer, TOC)與感應耦合電漿質譜儀 (Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer, ICP-MS)進行環境水體中顆粒之凝聚作用及吸附特性分析。本研究之目的在於深入探討pH、離子強度與總有機碳等水質參數對微奈米顆粒之凝聚作用與吸附特性之影響。從吾人之研究結果得知，二氧化矽(SiO2)標準顆粒在水體中之凝聚作用可在4小時內完成，在添加離子強度時發現添加濃度越高造成顆粒的凝聚越旺盛，加入不同濃度的總有機碳時發現在30分鐘內完成凝聚，且上述之粒徑pH越靠近pHzpc時，皆可由初始之50 nm - 70 nm逐漸凝聚至1 ~ 2μm；奈米及次微奈米顆粒在河川水體環境中之凝聚行為，其凝聚作用會隨著時間、pH以及離子強度(或導電度)等而有顯著之變化。且批次吸附銦、鎵、鉬實驗之結果可看出，其pH控制於5時吸附濃度皆比其他pH好，猜測會有此結果是因為CTSP放流水奈米顆粒吸附尚未進入吸附飽和階段，因此三種汙染物皆能有良好吸附狀態。

Micronparticles and Submicronparticles are ubiquitious in aqueous environments. However, the characteristics of these environmental particles are still unknown. This study is mainly divided into two parts：the study of nanoparticles in the environment and the standard silicon dioxide nanoparticles prepared in the laboratory. The environmental particles are collected from the wastewater discharge from the Wu-Shi River Basin in the Taichung area. These micro-nano particles are screened out for analysis of the aggregation and adsorption characteristics, and then are compared with the aggregation characteristics of the standard particles. The experimental methods used include the dynamic light scattering (DLS), the total organic carbon analyzer (TOC) and the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of pH, ionic strength and TOC on aggregation of adsorption of nanoparticles. Based on the results, aggregation of silicon dioxide (SiO2) particles can be completed in 4 hours. The rate of aggregation increases as ionic strength & TOC increase. When the pH is close to pHzpc, particles can gradually aggregate from the initial size of 50 nm - 70 nm to 1~2 μm. The aggregation of nano and sub-micron particles in a river water environment has a strong dependence on time, pH, and ionic strength. Results of batch adsorption of indium, gallium, and molybdenum indicate that when the pH is controlled at 5, the adsorption is higher than at other pH values. It is speculated that the adsorption of nano-particles in the water has not yet reached the adsorption maximum. At this stage, the adsorption of all three contaminants are very effective.

摘要 I
Abstract II
總目錄 IV
表目錄 VII
圖目錄 VIII
第一章 前言 1
1-1研究動機 1
1-2 研究目的 2
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2-1 奈米顆粒之介紹 3
(一) 特性與應用 3
(二) 凝聚與分散作用 8
2-2銦、鎵、鉬等稀有金屬之介紹 11
(一) 銦(Indium, In) 15
(二) 鎵(Gallium, Ga) 16
(三) 鉬（Molybdenum, Mo）17
2-3 吸附 18
(一) 吸附特性 18
(二)影響吸附速率之因素 19
(三)吸附等溫曲線及模式 20
第三章 研究方法與設備 22
3-1 研究架構 22
3-2 放流水採樣點分布 24
3-3 研究儀器設備 27
(一) 動態光散射儀 (Dynamic Light Scattering, DLS) 27
(二) 感應耦合電漿質譜儀 (Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass) 28
(三) 總有機碳分析儀 (Total Organic Carbon, TOC) 28
3-4 過濾 29
(一) 中空纖維膜(Hollow Fiber Membrane) 29
(二) 精密型數位式定量蠕動幫浦(Digital Peristaltic Pump) 30
(三) 環境奈米顆粒與環境水體中TOC分離 31
3-5研究材料配製 32
(一) 奈米顆粒配製 32
(二) 緩衝溶液與離子強度控制 32
(三) 銦、鎵、鉬檢量線配製 36
3-6 凝聚實驗 37
(一) 放流水現場水質分析與實驗前處理 38
(二) 標準顆粒於不同水質參數下之凝聚實驗 38
(三) 環境奈米顆粒於不同水質參數下之凝聚實驗 39
3-7 吸附實驗 40
(一) 吸附動力學實驗 40
(二) 等溫平衡吸附實驗 41
第四章 結果與討論 43
4-1 放流水水質檢測參數 43
(一) 水質檢測參數 43
(二)各樣區奈米顆粒(< 100 nm)之濃度分析 44
4-2 凝聚實驗 45
(一) 標準顆粒 45
(二) 環境奈米顆粒 50
4-3 吸附實驗 58
(一) 銦、鎵、鉬之檢量線 58
(二) 批次吸附銦、鎵、鉬實驗 59
(三) 吸附等溫線實驗 61
第五章 結論與建議 65
5-1結論 65
5-2 建議 66
參考文獻 67
相關詞彙中英對照 70

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